Historical Geology Lecture 11 The Proterozoic Eon.
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Transcript of Historical Geology Lecture 11 The Proterozoic Eon.
![Page 1: Historical Geology Lecture 11 The Proterozoic Eon.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051618/56649f465503460f94c67f45/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Historical Geology
Lecture 11
The Proterozoic Eon
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Historical Geology
I Proterozoic TimelineII Tectonics Overview
A) Continental GrowthB) Wilson Cycle Tectonics
III Paleoproterozoic Laurentia (North America)A) Orogenies (Convergence)B) Rifting (Divergence)C) SedimentationD) Climate
IV Mesoproterozoic Laurentia (North America)A) Orogenies (Convergence)B) Rifting (Divergence)C) SedimentationD) Climate
V Neoproterozoic Laurentia (North America)A) Orogenies (Convergence)B) Rifting (Divergence)C) SedimentationD) Climate
VI The Proterozoic Outside Laurentia
Outline
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Historical Geology
The Proterozoic Eon
1.0 bya
2.5 bya
1.6 bya
0.545 bya
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Historical Geology
The Proterozoic EonTectonics Overview
growing cratons
lateral plate tectonic movements
rifting and sea-floor spreading
wide continental shelves
epeiric seas
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Historical GeologyThe Proterozoic Eon
Aggregating Cratons
accretion - addition of crustal materials to continental margins
aggregation – bringing together and consolidation of cratonic elements
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Historical GeologyThe Proterozoic Eon
Early Epeiric Seas
epeiric sea - a shallow sea flooding the continental craton
Erikkson, et al., 1998
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Historical GeologyThe Proterozoic Eon
Sedimentation Overview
Carbonates appear
Banded Iron Formations peak/disappear
Red Beds
Passive Margin Sedimentation
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Historical GeologyThe Proterozoic Eon
Carbonate Sedimentation
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Historical GeologyThe Proterozoic EonBanded Iron Formations
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Historical GeologyThe Proterozoic Eon
Red Beds
oxidation4Fe + 3O2 ---> 2Fe2O3
iron + oxygen -> iron oxide
hematite
limonite
laterite soils
Red ShaleChuar Group (Grand Canyon)
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic Laurentia
Orogenies
Torngat (2.1-1.75 Ga)
Taltson-Thelon (2.0-1.9 Ga)
Penokean (2.0-1.8 Ga)
Wopmay (1.97-1.84 Ga)
Cape Smith-New Quebec (1.9-18 Ga)
Trans-Hudson (1.88-1.79 Ga)
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic Laurentia
Slave Province
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic Laurentia
Slave Province Aulacogens
Athapuscow Aulacogen
Bathhurst Aulacogen
Irving, et al., in press
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic LaurentiaSlave Province - Wopmay Orogen
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic Laurentia
Superior Province
Young, 2002
Ojakangas, et al., 2001
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic LaurentiaSuperior Province - Huronian Supergroup
Young, 2002
2.5 - 2.2 Ga
Gowganda FormationHuronian Supergroup
Gowganda Tillite
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic LaurentiaGlaciation
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic Laurentia
Superior Province - Animikie Group2.2 - 1.8 Ga Young, 2002
Banded Iron FormationAnimikie Group
Kona DolostoneAnimikie Group
Ajubik QuartziteAnimikie Group
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic Laurentia
Superior Province - Penokean Orogeny
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Historical GeologyPaleoproterozoic LaurentiaSuperior Province Cross Section
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Historical Geology
Paleoproterozoic LaurentiaTrans-Hudson Orogen
Schwerdtner and Cote, 2001
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Historical Geology
Mesoproterozoic LaurentiaEvents
Elsonian Orogeny
Yavapai Orogeny
Mazatzal Orogeny
Mid-Continent Rifting
Grenville OrogenyAssembly of Rodinia
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Historical GeologyMesoproterozoic Laurentia
Yavapai and Mazatzal Orogenies
Series of orogenies
~1.8 - 1.6 Ga
Vishnu Schist
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Historical GeologyMesoproterozoic LaurentiaGrand Canyon Region
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Historical GeologyMesoproterozoic LaurentiaGrand Canyon Region
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Historical GeologyMesoproterozoic Laurentia
Mid-Continent Rift~1.2-1.0 Ga
Keweenawan Supergroup
Ojakangas and Dickas, 2002
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Historical GeologyMesoproterozoic Laurentia
Grenville Orogeny
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Historical GeologyMesoproterozoic Era
Rodinia
S W E A T
A U S W U S
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Historical GeologyMesoproterozoic Era
Rodinia – SWEAT
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Historical GeologyMesoproterozoic Era
Rodinia – AUSWUS
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Laurentia
Breakup of Rodinia
Panthalassic Ocean (proto-Pacific)
Iapetus (proto-Atlantic)
Varangian Glaciation
Eykes and Januszczak, in press
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Laurentia
Breakup of Rodinia
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Laurentia
Panthalassa
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Laurentia
Late Proterozoic Rifting
Grand Canyon Supergroup
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic LaurentiaGrand Canyon Supergroup
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Laurentia
Late Proterozoic Rifting
Breakup of Rodinia
Panthalassic Ocean (proto-Pacific)
Varangian Glaciation
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Laurentia
Late Proterozoic Rifting
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Laurentia
Varangian Glaciation
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Laurentia
Varangian Glaciation
OXYGENHeavy Oxygen-18 is incorporated into minerals. More Oxygen 18 during low temperatures.
STRONTIUMIncreased Sr86/87 ratio due to increased weathering during glaciation.
CARBON 12/CARBON 13Plants use the lighter isotope Carbon 12 in photosynthesis. The lower relative abundance of Carbon 13 means the plants were worse off (dying). Evidence in “cap” carbonates
Jacobson and Kaufmann, 1999Knoll, 2000Knoll, 2000
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Era
Snowball Earth
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Era
Snowball Earth
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Historical GeologyNeproterozoic Era
Snowball Earth
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Historical GeologyThe Precambrian Outside North America