Historical Foundation

Foundation of Curriculum

Why learn history?

The Colonial Period: 1642-1776

Three Colonial Regions – Northern colonies, New England, Southern colonies.

Learn to read the scripture – By Puritans (Influenced by the Church).

Curriculum: Reading and Writing – Based on God’s law.

Southern Colonies: Conservative Curriculum. Education is only for rich family (Slave era)

Reading, Writing, Arimathics and Faith.

The Colonial Period: 1642-1776

Colonial schools Town School: For children, one teacher, non-graded school. Parachial and Private schools: Upper class – read and write

and primier and Bible. Lower class only the three R’s and only recite religious quotes. Vocational skills

Latin grammar school: Preparing student for higher school (College). Use only Latin language. 8 years duration. No arts and sciences.

The Academy for lower level class, is not set for college. Latin is not important. Math skills are for job preparation not for abstract.

College (Prerequisite: Latin grammar school). Harvard college. Greek, Latin and the Classics.

National Period

Benjamin Rush (1745-1813) Education should be function to democracy. Science is better than learning greek, latin,

etc. Promoted free schooling. The country will

benefit when people are educated.

National Period

Thomas Jefferson: Education for Citizenship. Educaiton to ensure democratic society. Education for all by the expense of all (Government). Civic concern, rather than preserved upper group. Plan for a bill for free for basic 3 R’s – elementary.

Secondary school (grammar school) for smart students with scholarship. To become elementary teacher, administrator.

The 10 best will go William and Mary college.

National Period

Webster: Schoolmaster and cultural nationalism.

Education to create national identity – National language and culture

National Period

McGuffey: The readers and American Virtues. Promotes cultural nationalism Combination for Protestantnism and Rural

American The book contains religious faith and

heroism.

The Rise of Universal Education

Monitorial schools Influence by the migration from Europe. Economic efficience. Bright student served as

instructor. Cooperative learning in monitorial system. Considered as efficient education. 3R’s,

Citizenship, moral doctrine. To promote mass education.

The Rise of Universal Education

Common Schools Origin: Massachusets. 3Rs, Rooted on progressive thoughts. Education has a market value. Public education started. Crucial for American system for equality and national

identy. Teacher has low salary. Common one room school. Exist in every community. No common curriculum, but most subjects are related

to religious and moral. More subjects were added later.

The Rise of Universal Education

Secondary Schools 11.5 % were enrolled in public school Only 6 % passed.

The Academy Replaced latin grammar school Focus not only for college but also for moral

education of society. Academy replaced by high school

The Rise of Universal Education

The High School College preparatory program Also served to complete the formal education

Served as terminal education for some who will not take college

High School grew while the academy declined

The Rise of Universal Education

Three Committees The committee of fifteen

Traditional curriculum for elementary The committee of ten

Curriculum for secondary The committee on college entrance

requirement Curriculum for college preparation

The Rise of Universal Education

Modern Curriculum Flexner – Modern curriculum

Introduced basic areas of curriculum: Science, Industry, Civics, and Aesthetics

Dewey – Scientific principles of education Education as instrument of democracy

Judd – Systematic studies and social sciences Scientism of educaiton

Curriculum as a Field

Bobbitt and Charters Influenced by the industrial era And the scientific theories of Fredrick Taylor Introduced Curriculum as scientific inquiry Developed principles of curriculum making

Curriculum as a Field

Kill Patrick Behaviorist Curriculum Making. Purposeful

activity. Purposing Planning Executing Judging

Curriculum as a Field

Ralph Tyler Basic principles of curriculum

Purpose Experience to attain purpose Organization of the experience to attain the

purpose and, Measurement of the purpose in the organization

of the experience