Historical DesignersThe Early Socialites:Elsie de WolfeDorothy DraperSyrie MaughamEleanor McMillan BrownSister ParishRuby Ross WoodBilly Baldwin

Elsie De WolfeFirst to create the occupation of interior decoratingConsidered the first lady of interior decorationMoved away from the Victorian design

Elsie de Wolfe

Elsie de Wolfe

Villa Trianon

Dorothy DraperFirst successful commercial designerHotel projects and public spacesTotal design including china, furniture down to the match booksHer ornate style of eye-popping colors and oversize prints, lost popularity in the 1950s

Dorothy Draper

Dorothy DraperMetropolitan Museum Caf, 1950s

Draper Furniture by Kindel

Dorothy Draper

Syrie Maugham

Eleanor McMillan BrownStarted the first full service design firm in 1924 called McMillan, Inc. in NYC.The company created many great designers like Albert Hadley, David Hicks and Billy BaldwinThe company is still in business today.

Sister ParishFirst decorator to decorate the Kennedy White HouseCo-founder of Parrish-Hadley Assoc. 1962-1999Known for painted furniture, quilts and a lived-in look.

Sister Parish

Sister Parish

Sister Parish

Ruby Ross WoodCareer started as a reporter and a writer on interior decoratingWas the ghostwriter or Elsie de Wolfes A House in Good Taste.Credited for creating the first department store decorating firm.She was a longtime employer of Billy Baldwin.

Billy BaldwinBegan working for Ruby Ross Wood in 1935 and took it over in 1952.First to use brown with panacheKnown for glossy brown walls

Billy Baldwin

Billy Baldwin

19th and Early 20th CenturyWilliam MorrisCharles Rennie MackintoshGustav StickleyFrank Lloyd Wright

One of the most influential designers of the last 150 years1834-1896Painter, typography, wallpaper, carpets and stained glassPioneer of the Arts and Crafts Movement

Charles Rennie MackintoshScottish Architect and designerAttended and designed the Glasgow School of ArtHis work was light, elegant and originalKnown for furniture, particularly those with tall, straight backs.

Hill House - Mackintosh

Gustav Stickley (1857-1942) American craftsman and business ownerA major force behind the Arts and Crafts Movement in AmericaDesigned furniture that was simple with exposed joinery made from oak.Stressed handmade furniture over machine made.His designs were referred to as Mission or Craftsman

The Craftsman HomeDesigned for the middle classA lot of wood with built-ins using available materialsForm follows functionLight fixtures and hardware related to overall design.

Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)American ArchitectFounded Taliesin Fellowship in 1932 (Wisconsin and Arizona) Leader in the style known as Prairie Style

Wright StyleCreated the open floor planUsed corner windowsUsed natural materials and designed for a feeling of being one with natureUsed low pitch roofs (no attics or basements) with a horizontal feelAlways used a fireplace heart of the homeDesigned furniture with lots of built-ins

Famous Works by Wright

Johnson Wax Building

Wright Furniture and Interiors

Modern (International Style) DesignersMies Van der Rohe Le Corbusier Philip JohnsonMarcel BreuerCharles and Ray Eames

Mies Van der Rohe (1886 1969)German ArchitectLast Director of Bauhaus School of Design in GermanyStarted the movement of the International Style (use of glass and steel)Famous quote: Less is moreDeveloped the first cantilever chairFamous chair: Barcelona Chair dating to 1929

Mies Van der RoheFarnsworth House in the late 1940sInternational style use of steel and glass

Le Corbusier (1887 1965)French ArchitectWorked in the International StyleUsed a lot of concrete, class and steel with lots of open spaces

Le Corbusier FurnitureChaise Lounge, 1927Grande Comfort, 1929Basculant Chair, 1929

Le CorbusierVilla Savoye, 1928 - 31, FranceMachine for LivingInternational Style

Philip Johnson (1906-2005)American Architect known for his International StylePupil of Mies Van der RoheBest known for his the Glass House

The Glass House

Marcel Breuer (1902 1981)Hungarian born architect, furniture designer and teacher.Trained under Walter Gropius, founder of the Bauhaus School of DesignInvented the first tubular steel frame used in furniture. Known for his tubular steel chair, Wassily.

Marcel BreuerWassily Chair, 1925Cantilever Chair, 1928

Charles and Ray EamesAmerican architect/furniture designer. Known for tubular steel and molded plywood chair called the Potato Chip chair. His furniture is still produced by Herman Miller.

Charles and Ray Eames

Charles and Ray Eames

Current DesignersMichael GravesFrank GehryMario BuattaLeading Firms

Michael Graves (1934 Present)American Born ArchitectMost noted works are the Swan and Dolphin Hotels in Walt Disney World, Orlando, FL.Has designed over 200 houseware items for Target and also designs for Kohler

Michael Graves

Frank Gehry(1929 present)American Architect born in Toronto CanadaDeconstruction styleUses titanium as a building materialBest known structure is the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao Spain.Know for making furniture out of cardboardFurniture is manufactured by Knoll.

Frank GehryPower Play chairWiggle Chair

Mario Buatta (1935 present)American Interior DesignerPrince of ChintzHe refers to his style as the undecorated lookEnglish Country lookFamous clients: Barbara Walters, Billy Joel, Mariah Carey, and Malcolm Forbes

Mario Buatta

Leading Architectural FirmsHOKGenslerPerkins and WillRTKL

HOKHellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum (HOK) one of the worlds largest American architectural/interior design firms. They are best know for their designs of sports stadiums.Founded in 1955, it now employs over 1800 employees in over 25 locations worldwide

Gensler Assoc.American architectural firms with office in 41 locations across the worldFounded in 1965, they now employ over 3,000Most recognized firm internationally and known as a leader in Green Design.Studio 585 : branding, signage/wayfinding/ web design (total package)

Perkins and WillEstablished in 1935Internationally recognized A leader in Healthcare and Higher EducationDesigned Haworth Showroom in Chicago Merchandise Mart

RTKLAn international firm Specializes inArchitecture / Interior DesignUrban PlanningBranding Environmental Graphic DesignSustainable Design

**Born around 1865 she was a high society stage actress until age 40. Her partner Bessie Marbury encouraged her to start a new career when her stage acting career feel short. She was already known for her set designs and her striking mode of dress so she set out and created a career in interior decorating within her circle of high society friends. She and her partner Bessie were known for throwing some very infamous parties*Elsies style offered a breath of fresh air from the victorian period were first popular among her friends but quickly spread to mainstream America thru her newpaper and magazine columns. In addition, in 1913 she publishedThe House in Good Taste. (ghost writer was Ruby Ross Wood) She favored beige colors, light and the use of mirrors.Washington Irving Dining Room (her and Bessie's home)Colony Club Dining Room (a prominent NY social club for women)

Both rooms feature a break from the Victorian style of dark wood and ornate carvings. *Wolfe had a lifelong love of France and moved there with Bessie after renovating the Villa Trianon at Versailles.At the age of 60, she actually married sir Charles Mendl for the title while continuing her relationship with Bessie.She died in 1950 and is also credited with blue hair dye, short white gloves, strands of pearls and the creation of the pink lady cocktail.*Villa Trianon, Elsies pride and joy. Her home until her death in 1950.*Born in 1889 1969Considered the first commercial designer. Emphasis was hotel and hospitality design. She designed everything from the china, furniture and matchbooks.Her Style: Intense colors (not white), rococo scrollwork, well maintained plants and flowers, dense, heavy textured neutral carpets, black and white doors, large floral prints and fringe.

Quote: "If it looks right, it's right. She was so successful at promoting her grand style and producing for her commercial clients a healthy profit that her clients dubbed the positive effect "draperizing". .

*Lobby of the Hampshire House, located at Central Park South. Draper envisioned a mixture of English and Italian baroque. She designed oversized black and white doors and lined the corridors with marble tile. Plaster reliefs carved in the ornate style of Grinling Gibbons decorated the walls. Her signature style of large floral prints in bright colors against striped walls brightened up the rooms.

*Metropolitan Museum Caf, early 1950s*Kindel furniture Co. Dorothy Draper Collection*1939: Publication Decorating is FunNationally syndicated advice column call Ask Dorothy DraperLobby of the Carlyle, circa 1930She appeared in may publications, in fact more than the first Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt. Cover of Time and Life.She sold her business in 1960 and died in 1969.*1879 1955 Leading British designer of the 1920s and 30s.She designed the first all white room. Used pickled finishes. She became known rooms done in a variety of shades of white.Husband was a well know writer, Somerset MaughamHouse & GardenTHE MOMENT I STEPPED INTO THE BEDROOM, I was in a fairy tale, my task to find and awaken the sleeping beauty. It was a very tall room, made even taller and airier by the large white bed, whose bedposts seemed to reach to the ceiling it looked as if the bars had been taken off a giant birdcage. The room was almost square and had an open, delicate, almost ephemeral quality, enhanced by the dreamy fragrance of white petunias blooming in profusion in the garden below. Since there was an adjoining dressing room for clothing, the bedroom's only real furniture consisted of a bed, with its white coverlet, a few chairs upholstered in white raw silk and arranged on a sculptured white wool rug, a low upholstered silk stool, and a comfortable large wooden bedside table, stripped and treated with glazed white paint. At the windows hung practically nonexistent curtains of unlined white voile. The color and the only pattern was in the wall covering, a contemporary Swedish rough linen just this side of white, crudely stenciled with a scroll design in quite a strong grass green [Syrie wallpaper now available from Studio Printworks]. Only white flowers were allowed in the room, but they were, as in all of Syrie Maugham's rooms, extravagantly everywhere. Billy Baldwin for House & Garden *Born in St. Louis in 1880 died at 101 in 1991Attended the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts now Parsons school of design*Born in 1910, Died in 1994Used bright colors, fearlesslyLiked painted furniture and a lived in look*Aviairy theme in her home in MainBedroom of Sister Parish, where she died *If you have a quilt, you owe it to Sister Parish for the look that has trickled down to Ralph Lauren today.*Hired by the Duke and Duchess of York in 1988, the team was later fired due to outrage that they were using American designers. Sister was not sorry to lose the job. The couple she said, "are not aesthetic people. None of them (the royal family) are. That's a Windsor trait." *Born in 1880 in Georgia, she moved to New York to become a reporterShe worked for a magazine call the Delineator to ghostwrite for Elsie de WolfeShe wrote her own book called The Honest HouseWorked for Wanamakers dept storeOpened a decorating shop in 1914 called the Modernist StudiosShe published in House and GardenRuby died in 1950*born in born in 1903 died in 1983. Career began in 1935 in New YorkRuby Ross Wood asked him to work for her and he worked for her until she passed away in 1950Most of his clients were celebrities. He favored cotton and his style was very neat, trim, tidy and immaculate. Everything was very tailored, starched and polished. He like symmetry and furniture of the Louis XV and XVI periods

Quote: stick to the things you love. An honest room is always up to date.

Books: Billy Baldwin Decorates and Billy Baldwin Remembers both out of print. There is Billy Baldwin An Autobiography. *Billys first New York Apartment

*Slipper chairs covered to the floor in a tailored cotton fabric. Baldwin died in 1983 at the age of 80.**Morris was a poet, painter, manufacturer, socialist reformer, architect, sculpture, and printer. Morris has been considered The greatest English designer of the Nineteenth Century*At only 4 yrs old he began developing a passion for anything medievalHe is known for stained glass and illuminated manuscripts.*Kelmscott Press using wood blocks and engravings.*Wallcoverings in the Arts and Craft Style. Also known for tapestries and fabrics.*In 1861, William Morris founded Morris & Co. to make furniture, in addition to the carvings, fabric, tapestries, stained glass, and wallpaper. His furniture focused on honesty of construction and genuine materials, and rejected modern machine made furniture.

Morris died in 1986*Scottish architect and designer born in 1868.Charles Rennie Mackintosh is most closely associated with the design and manufacture of furniture. His earliest designs show a strong affinity to the arts and crafts movement whilst his final designs are a clear precursor to the art deco movement. *Dining Room, 78 South Park AvenueDesigner: Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 1869-1928. 1906The dining room of Mackintosh's home as reconstructed at the Hunterian Art Gallery, Glasgow University. According to Moffat and Baxter, like the dining rooms at Windyhill and Hill House, this one is "a dark-coloured room which directed attention to the dinner table. This would have been laid with silver cutlery, sparkling glass, and lit by candles. . . . Mackintosh covered the walls with coarse grey-brown wrapping paper and stenciled them with a rose and lattice motif enlved by silver-painted dots" (p. 57). Mackintosh originally designed the famous chairs for Miss Cranston's Argyle Street Tea Rooms.*Guest Bedroom, Hillhouse, HelensboroughDesigner: Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 1869-1928. 1902-4*(1857-1942) In 1898, he founded the Gustav Stickley Company in Eastwood, a suburb of Syracuse, New York Stickley used the name Craftsman for his products This style came to be known as Mission or Craftsman and is identifiable by such key elements as exposed joinery, solidly constructed oak forms, and strong, clean lines. *Only a house originating from plans published by Stickley through his magazine The Craftsman can be a true Craftsman Home. He published descriptions and drawings of homes in this magazine beginning in 1901. In the January 1904 issue, he featured the first official Craftsman Home and announced that henceforth the magazine would feature at least one house a month, and subscribers could send away for a set of plans for one house from the series per year, free of charge. Stickley designed at least 241 homes and published over 221 plans *June 8, 1867-April 9,1959His mother wanted him to be an architect, even before he was born.Married in 1889 to Catherine Lee Tobin and had 6 children.By 1908 he was extremely successful and began to flaunt success and seek relationships with married womenHe left his wife and children to be with a married woman of one of his clients (Mamah Cheney) He later build Taliesin for Mrs. Cheney and himselfTragedy: One of his servants set fire to their home Taliesin One and killed Mrs. Cheney and her two children with a hatchet. Seven people were murdered one at a time. Later rebuilt Taliesin and it later burned.*Loved nature- used various wood tones, stones, and brickIncorporated many windows to bring in natural light First to use corner windowsCreated the Open floor planNo attics or basementsUsed rich fabrics, plants, and large paintings to add colorIncorporated furniture with built-in storageAlways built fireplaces- heart of the home*Robie House in Chicago, IL 1908 1910 Prairie Style HouseGuggenheim Museum New York, 1959Falling water is the best-known private home for someone of non-royal blood. It is perched over a waterfall in the Pennsylvania highlands, and rests on rock formations. Reinforced-concrete cantilever slabs project from the rock to carry the house over the stream. The living room has a step that leads directly into the stream, and on the third level terraces open from sleeping quarters, which emphasizes the horizontal nature of the home.*Lily Pad 9 at base to 18 at topHe designed the furniture and seating (original chairs tippedwere only 3-legged.)

*****Note the round glasses Philip Johnson also wore this style **Residence built on stilt foundations*July 8, 1906 January 25, 2005Known for his round glasses and witty personality.*1949 New Canaan Connecticut His personal home and estate.

Johnson died in this house.*Moved to New York during the Nazi reign**1907-1978 Charles1912 1988 Ray

Known mostly for their furniture design during the 40s and 50s.*LaChaise 1948 (Vitra now produces)Met in 1940 at Cranbroke school of ArtRay was an early abstract artist. She was a graphic designer (magazine covers to fabric) Married in 1941.Charles and Ray worked in tubular metal, molded plywood and fiberglass.*House in California (pre-faboff the shelf approach) wanted to supply veterans with affordable homes after WWII. They also designed toys, film and slide shows.***Graves became paralzed from the waste down in 2003 due to unkown infection. He is still very active . His company has over 100 employees. Says he enjoyes designing a spatuala as much as a large building.***Highly published in: House and Garden, Architectural Digest, Town and Country, House Beautiful******