Historical Background BB

8/9/2019 Historical Background BB

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By:By:PBB1 2013PBB1 2013

Asst. Prof. Carmelita C. CardonaAsst. Prof. Carmelita C. CardonaBlood Banking ProfessorBlood Banking Professor


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PART IPART I


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EARL !I"T#REARL !I"T#R

Huang Di Nei ChingHuang Di Nei Ching


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Egyptians and RomansEgyptians and Romans $lood $at%s for$lood $at%s for

&%ysi'al and&%ysi'al ands&irit(als&irit(alrestorationrestoration

drank $lood ofdrank $lood offallen gladiatorsfallen gladiatorsin t%e $elief t%atin t%e $elief t%att%e $lood 'o(ldt%e $lood 'o(ldtransmit )italitytransmit )itality


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EARL !I"T#REARL !I"T#RBlood letting is depictedBlood letting is depictedon an ancient Greek vaseon an ancient Greek vase Ancient GreeksAncient Greeks

Considered one ofConsidered one ofmedi'ine*s oldestmedi'ine*s oldest

&ra'ti'es+ $lood letting&ra'ti'es+ $lood lettingis t%o(g%t to %a)eis t%o(g%t to %a)eoriginated in An'ientoriginated in An'ientEgy&t. It t%en s&readEgy&t. It t%en s&readto ,ree'e.to ,ree'e.


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400 BC400 BC

!i&&o'rates+ ,reek!i&&o'rates+ ,reek&%ysi'ian+ &ost(lates&%ysi'ian+ &ost(lates

t%at t%e $ody ist%at t%e $ody is'om&rised of fo(r'om&rised of fo(r%(mors - $lood+%(mors - $lood+&%legm+ $la'k $ile+&%legm+ $la'k $ile+

and yello $ile -and yello $ile -and t%eir im$alan'eand t%eir im$alan'e'a(ses disease.'a(ses disease.

HippocratesHippocrates


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AristotleAristotle !0 BC!0 BCAristotle+ ,reekAristotle+ ,reek&%iloso&%er+ $elie)es t%at&%iloso&%er+ $elie)es t%att%e %eart is t%e 'entralt%e %eart is t%e 'entralorgan of t%e $ody.organ of t%e $ody./ollo ing disse'tions of/ollo ing disse'tions ofmany di erent animalsmany di erent animalsAristotle &res(mes t%eAristotle &res(mes t%e%eart is a t%ree '%am$ered%eart is a t%ree '%am$ered

organ+ e)en in %(mansorgan+ e)en in %(mans


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"#$ AD"#$ AD,alen Cla(di(s ,alen(s +,alen Cla(di(s ,alen(s +,reek &%ysi'ian+ des'ri$es,reek &%ysi'ian+ des'ri$est%e anatomy of t%e %(mant%e anatomy of t%e %(man$ody and in'l(des a referen'e$ody and in'l(des a referen'eto 4$rig%t* and 4dark* $loodto 4$rig%t* and 4dark* $loodfrom se&arate 4'%annels in t%efrom se&arate 4'%annels in t%e$ody* %i'% inter'onne't.$ody* %i'% inter'onne't.Also mentions t%e 4li)er* asAlso mentions t%e 4li)er* ast%e origin of $lood and t%et%e origin of $lood and t%ekidney*s as a 5lter. Alt%o(g%kidney*s as a 5lter. Alt%o(g%in'orre't in many details+ %isin'orre't in many details+ %isdes'ri&tions formed t%e $asisdes'ri&tions formed t%e $asisfor all $lood 'ir'(lationfor all $lood 'ir'(lationst(dies for 'ent(riesst(dies for 'ent(ries

Claudius GalenusClaudius Galenus


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%ope &nnocent '&&&%ope &nnocent '&&& "4($"4($ Earliest re'orded

transf(sion: As a

remedy for ana&o&le'ti' strokes( ered $y Po&eInno'ent 6III+ %is&%ysi'ian ad)ised a

$lood transf(sion. T%e$lood of 3 yo(ng $oysas+ $y 'r(de

met%ods+ transferredto t%e Po&e. 7onors

and &atient later alldied.


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Bloodletting in the ")#0*sBloodletting in the ")#0*s ")") thth centurycentury In t%e 18 t% 'ent(ry+

$lood letting as t%e

most &o&(lar form oftreatment of a )astn(m$er of ailments.


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"#"#"#"#9illiam !ar)ey+9illiam !ar)ey+Englis% &%ysi'ian+Englis% &%ysi'ian+

dis'o)ered t%e $looddis'o)ered t%e $lood'ir'(lation'ir'(lationERA of real $loodERA of real $loodtransf(sion.transf(sion.

+illiam Harvey+illiam Harvey


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"##!"##!

5rst s(''essf(l5rst s(''essf(lanimal toanimal toanimal $loodanimal $loodtransf(siontransf(siondog to dogdog to dog

Richard ,o-erRichard ,o-er


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"##."##.5rst animal to %(man $lood5rst animal to %(man $loodtransf(siontransf(sion%is &atient is Antoine%is &atient is Antoine

a(roy a 3; year olda(roy a 3; year oldmadmanmadman(sed 'alf


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Early transf(sionsEarly transf(sions ere soere sono)el and risky as it as doneno)el and risky as it as done

it% animals+ in t%is &i't(reit% animals+ in t%is &i't(reit% a dog.it% a dog.

!istory as made $y /ren'%!istory as made $y /ren'%&%ysi'ian =ean Ba&tiste 7enis&%ysi'ian =ean Ba&tiste 7enisand s(rgeon Pa(l Emmere> inand s(rgeon Pa(l Emmere> in

=(ne 1?+ 1@@ + %en $lood =(ne 1?+ 1@@ + %en $loodas transf(sed $et een aas transf(sed $et een a

yo(ng+ eakened $yyo(ng+ eakened $y'ontin(o(s $lood letting and a'ontin(o(s $lood letting and alam$.lam$.It as a s(''ess+ $(t not t%eIt as a s(''ess+ $(t not t%es($se (ent e &eriments t%ats($se (ent e &eriments t%atfollo ed.follo ed.


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A IDI ,ALLER #/A IDI ,ALLER #/


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A 1urgeon*s Blood letting setA 1urgeon*s Blood letting set ")") thth Century Blood ,ancetsCentury Blood ,ancets


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Blood letting instr(mentsBlood letting instr(ments

Bleeding 2o-lBleeding 2o-lBleeding $o l it%Bleeding $o l it%gradations to meas(regradations to meas(re

t%e amo(nt of $lood.t%e amo(nt of $lood.ade $y =o%n /oster ofade $y =o%n /oster ofLondon after 1 ;0London after 1 ;0


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3he interior o a 1cari5cator3he interior o a 1cari5cator 1cari5cator1cari5cator


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"'ari5'ation it%o(t"'ari5'ation it%o(t'(&&ing in Egy&t in'(&&ing in Egy&t in

t%e 1@t%e 1@t%t%

Cent(ry.Cent(ry. To o$tain s( 'ient To o$tain s( 'ient$lood+ 20 ;0 gas%es$lood+ 20 ;0 gas%es

ere made in t%e legsere made in t%e legsof t%e &atient andof t%e &atient and

as made to stand inas made to stand ina $asin of arm ater.a $asin of arm ater.


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Blood letting instr(mentsBlood letting instr(ments+eiss*s &mproved Cupping+eiss*s &mproved Cuppingdevicedevice Glass Cupping CupsGlass Cupping Cups


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C(&&ing inC(&&ing in

t%e $at%+t%e $at%+1@1@t%t% 'ent(ry.'ent(ry.


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,eech /ars,eech /ars 6o7*s Glass leech6o7*s Glass leech


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T!E /IR"T !F AD !F AD T!E /IR"T !F AD !F AD TRAD"/F"I#D TRAD"/F"I#D

Emil %on5ck and ,eonardEmil %on5ck and ,eonard,andois,andois ")00")00

dis'o)ered t%edis'o)ered t%esigni5'an'esigni5'an'e

&rogress in&rogress in(nderstanding(nderstandingt%e $asis for t%et%e $asis for t%ein'om&ati$ilityin'om&ati$ility$et een s&e'ies$et een s&e'ies


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/ohn Henry ,eacock /ohn Henry ,eacock ")"#")"#&erformed and&erformed and&($lis%ed a set of&($lis%ed a set of

animal e &erimentsanimal e &erimentst%at &ro)ed t%at t%et%at &ro)ed t%at t%edonor and re'i&ientdonor and re'i&ientm(st $e of t%e samem(st $e of t%e same

s&e'iess&e'ies


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/ames Blundell /ames Blundell")")")")

5rst s(''essf(l %(man5rst s(''essf(l %(manto %(man $loodto %(man $lood

transf(siontransf(sionfrom a oman dyingfrom a oman dyingof &ost&art(mof &ost&art(m%emorr%age it% t%e%emorr%age it% t%e

$lood$lood of %erof %er %(s$and%(s$and


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BL##7 C#A,FLATI#D+BL##7 C#A,FLATI#D+PRE"ER6ATI#D AD7 "T#RA,EPRE"ER6ATI#D AD7 "T#RA,E

Bra7ton HicksBra7ton Hicks")#(")#(

#$stetri'ian#$stetri'ianE &erimented it%E &erimented it%&%os&%ate of soda&%os&%ate of soda/irst attem&ted a&&roa'%/irst attem&ted a&&roa'%to anti'oag(lationto anti'oag(lation!e tried it in fo(r of %is!e tried it in fo(r of %is&atients+ (nfort(nately&atients+ (nfort(natelynone of t%em s(r)i)ed.none of t%em s(r)i)ed.!e re'ommended Da!e re'ommended Da 33 P#;P#;


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Al2ert HustinAl2ert Hustin "("4"("4

Re&orted t%e 5rstRe&orted t%e 5rst%(man G %(man%(man G %(mantransf(sion (singtransf(sion (sing'itrated $lood'itrated $lood ..


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Richard ,e-isohnRichard ,e-isohn "("!"("!Pro)ed t%at "odi(mPro)ed t%at "odi(mCitrate as e e'ti)eCitrate as e e'ti)e

as an anti'oag(lant+as an anti'oag(lant+at a 'ertainat a 'ertain&er'entage 0.2H&er'entage 0.2HIt as not to i' toIt as not to i' to

%(mans e)en if 2?00%(mans e)en if 2?00mL of it asmL of it astransf(sed.transf(sed.


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3homas Rous and3homas Rous andCatherine 3urnerCatherine 3urner "("#"("#

Addition of de trose toAddition of de trose to'itrate o(ld &reser)e'itrate o(ld &reser)e$lood (& to 2 eeks.$lood (& to 2 eeks.It needed a large amo(ntIt needed a large amo(ntof &reser)ati)e sol(tionof &reser)ati)e sol(tionand as di '(lt toand as di '(lt to&re&are.&re&are.

T%is remained as t%e only T%is remained as t%e onlyanti'oag(lant (sed (ntilanti'oag(lant (sed (ntil9orld 9ar II9orld 9ar II ..


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A'id Citrate 7e troseA'id Citrate 7e troseG 7e)elo&ed $y =o%n7e)elo&ed $y =o%n

/reedman Lo(tit and/reedman Lo(tit andPatri'k Lo(don ollisonPatri'k Lo(don ollison

1 ;31 ;3

G Blood 'an $e stored (&Blood 'an $e stored (&to 3 eeksto 3 eeks

G Co(ld $e a(to'la)edCo(ld $e a(to'la)edG Easy to &re&areEasy to &re&areG Re (ire small )ol(meRe (ire small )ol(me

)ol(me of &reser)ati)e)ol(me of &reser)ati)e sol(tionsol(tion


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1 ?01 ?0

"mit% s%o ed gly'erol 'o(ld $e"mit% s%o ed gly'erol 'o(ld $e(sed for(sed fore tending t%e life s&an of red 'ellse tending t%e life s&an of red 'ells

to 10to 10yearsyears


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1 ?1 ?

,i$son introd('ed t%e CP7 and,i$son introd('ed t%e CP7 ande)ent(ally re&la'ed AC7 as t%ee)ent(ally re&la'ed AC7 as t%e standard &reser)ati)e for $loodstandard &reser)ati)e for $lood

storage.storage.


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7I"C#6ER #/ AB# BL##77I"C#6ER #/ AB# BL##7,R#FP",R#FP"

"(0""(0"

dis'o)ered AB#dis'o)ered AB#$lood gro(&s$lood gro(&sA(strianA(strianImm(nologistImm(nologistidenti5'ation ofidenti5'ation of

t%ree $lood gro(&s+t%ree $lood gro(&s+A+ B+ #A+ B+ #

8arl ,andsteiner8arl ,andsteiner


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Al red Decastello andAl red Decastello andAdriano 1turliAdriano 1turli "(0$"(0$

dis'o)ered t%edis'o)ered t%e

fo(rt% $loodfo(rt% $loodgro(&+ AB.gro(&+ AB.former st(dents offormer st(dents ofLandsteinerLandsteiner


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ad)o'atedad)o'atedsele'ting donors $ysele'ting donors $y

$lood gro(& and$lood gro(& and'rossmat'%ing'rossmat'%ing

,udvig Hektoen,udvig Hektoen


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"(""("demonstrated t%edemonstrated t%eim&ortan'e ofim&ortan'e of

'om&ati$ility testing'om&ati$ility testingin %is re&ort of 128in %is re&ort of 128'ases of transf(sion'ases of transf(sion

Reu2en 9tten2ergReu2en 9tten2erg


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6eli7 Bernstein6eli7 Bernstein "(4$"(4$

&ro)ed t%e&ro)ed t%e

in%eritan'ein%eritan'e&attern of&attern of$lood$loodgro(&sgro(&s


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7I"C#6ER #/ T!E R! BL##77I"C#6ER #/ T!E R! BL##7,R#FP",R#FP"

%hilip ,evine%hilip ,evine "( ("( ( dis'o)ered r%es(sdis'o)ered r%es(sR% $lood ty&eR% $lood ty&efrom %is 'asefrom %is 'asere&ort of &ostre&ort of &ost

transf(siontransf(sion%emolysis in a%emolysis in agro(& # &atientgro(& # &atient

%o re'ei)ed%o re'ei)ed$lood from %er$lood from %er

$lood gro(& #$lood gro(& #%(s$and%(s$and


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Ronald 6isherRonald 6isher "(44"(44de)elo&ed R%de)elo&ed R%imm(ne glog(linimm(ne glog(lin

R%Ig for t%eR%Ig for t%e&re)ention of&re)ention of%emolyti' disease%emolyti' diseaseof t%e ne $ornof t%e ne $orn

7I"C#6ER #/ T!E R! BL##7


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Ro2in Coom2s: ArthurRo2in Coom2s: Arthur;ourant: and Ro2 Race;ourant: and Ro2 Race

"(4!"(4!Coom$s+ o(rant andCoom$s+ o(rant andRa'e+ Englis%Ra'e+ Englis%)eterinary s(rgeon)eterinary s(rgeon

and &%ysi'ians+and &%ysi'ians+des'ri$ed t%e (se ofdes'ri$ed t%e (se ofanti%(man glo$(linanti%(man glo$(lin

t%e 4Coom$s Test* tot%e 4Coom$s Test* toidentifyidentify 4in'om&lete*4in'om&lete*anti$odies.anti$odies.


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=ames Bl(ndell im&ellor =ames Bl(ndell im&ellorItIt %as a do($le alled f(nnel %i'% t%e%as a do($le alled f(nnel %i'% t%e

o(ter 'om&artment as 5lled it% armo(ter 'om&artment as 5lled it% armaterater


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,eselli(s (sed,eselli(s (sedan e (allyan e (ally'om&le'om&lede)i'e.de)i'e.

T%e donor as T%e donor aslan'edlan'edm(lti&le timesm(lti&le times

and %ad %isand %ad %is'a&illary $lood'a&illary $loode tra'ted.e tra'ted.


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,eselli(s (sed,eselli(s (sedan e (allyan e (ally'om&le'om&lede)i'e.de)i'e.

T%e donor as T%e donor aslan'edlan'edm(lti&le timesm(lti&le timesand %ad %isand %ad %is

'a&illary $lood'a&illary $loode tra'ted.e tra'ted.


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ID"TRF EDTATI#DID"TRF EDTATI#D

/ames Aveling /ames Aveling"im&ler met%od for"im&ler met%od fordire't $lood transf(siondire't $lood transf(sion

T%ey (sed 2 sil)er T%ey (sed 2 sil)er'ann(las and inserted'ann(las and insertedone ea'% to t%eone ea'% to t%ere'i&ient and donor+re'i&ient and donor+

it% a r($$er t($ingit% a r($$er t($ingit% a 'om&ressi$leit% a 'om&ressi$le

$(l$ in t%e middle to$(l$ in t%e middle tos(stain t%e Jos(stain t%e Jo


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Blood 3rans usion at the BellevueBlood 3rans usion at the BellevueHospitalHospital

edi'al and n(rsing sta administering transf(sion+edi'al and n(rsing sta administering transf(sion+Belle)(e !os&ital+ 18 @. Dote t%at t%e Belle)(e sta %as &la'ed $ot%Belle)(e !os&ital+ 18 @. Dote t%at t%e Belle)(e sta %as &la'ed $ot%

needles in t%e rong orientation.needles in t%e rong orientation.


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7E6ICE" /#R BL##7 Transf(sion7E6ICE" /#R BL##7 Transf(sion

1. Ed ard Lindemann as 5rst to s(''essf(lly1. Ed ard Lindemann as 5rst to s(''essf(lly 'arry o(t )ein to )ein transf(sion of $lood $y'arry o(t )ein to )ein transf(sion of $lood $y (sing m(lti&le syringes and a s&e'ial(sing m(lti&le syringes and a s&e'ial 'ann(la for &(n't(ring t%e )ein t%ro(g% t%e'ann(la for &(n't(ring t%e )ein t%ro(g% t%e skinskin 2+ Fnger designed a syringe G )al)e a&&arat(s2+ Fnger designed a syringe G )al)e a&&arat(s transf(sion of $lood from donor to &atient istransf(sion of $lood from donor to &atient is &ossi$le Ko t%e assistan'e of a &%ysi'ian&ossi$le Ko t%e assistan'e of a &%ysi'ian


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BL##7 BAD "BL##7 BAD " #st ald Ro$ertson &ro&osed (se of $lood#st ald Ro$ertson &ro&osed (se of $lood

ty&e # to soldiersty&e # to soldiers

7r. C%arles 7re Afri'an ameri'an s(rgeon7r. C%arles 7re Afri'an ameri'an s(rgeon

a&&ointed as 5rst dire'tor of t%e Ameri'ana&&ointed as 5rst dire'tor of t%e Ameri'an

Red Cross Blood Bank.Red Cross Blood Bank.


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ID"TRF EDTATI#DID"TRF EDTATI#D

/ames Aveling /ames Aveling"im&ler met%od for"im&ler met%od fordire't $lood transf(siondire't $lood transf(sion

T%ey (sed 2 sil)er T%ey (sed 2 sil)er'ann(las and inserted'ann(las and insertedone ea'% to t%eone ea'% to t%ere'i&ient and donor+re'i&ient and donor+

it% a r($$er t($ingit% a r($$er t($ing

it% a 'om&ressi$leit% a 'om&ressi$le$(l$ in t%e middle to$(l$ in t%e middle tos(stain t%e Jos(stain t%e Jo


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BL##7 BAD "BL##7 BAD " #st ald Ro$ertson &ro&osed (se of $lood#st ald Ro$ertson &ro&osed (se of $lood

ty&e # to soldiersty&e # to soldiers

7r. C%arles 7re Afri'an ameri'an s(rgeon7r. C%arles 7re Afri'an ameri'an s(rgeon

a&&ointed as 5rst dire'tor of t%e Ameri'ana&&ointed as 5rst dire'tor of t%e Ameri'an

Red Cross Blood Bank.Red Cross Blood Bank.

Historical Background BB

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