HistoPATHOLOGY
description
Transcript of HistoPATHOLOGY
OVERVIEW OF HISTOPATHOLOGY BY
SEEMA DEROTRANIEE TECHNOLOGIST
INTRODUCTION TO DEPARTMENT OF HISTOPATHOLOGY
Histopathology is the department of clinical lab which deals with the study of diff types of tissues
The department is based on following benches: Processing Gross Tissue processing Embedding,cutting,H&E Immunohistochemistry Special stains Cytology Semen DR Cytogenetics
WHAT IS HISTOPATHOLOGY?
Greek word
Histo- tissue
Pathos- disease suffering refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order
to study the manifestations of disease. histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or
surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological
sections have been placed onto glass slides
BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY
1.PROCESSINGSpecimen categories Tissues (with history) Bone (with x- ray) Autopsy (consent form) Body fluids CSF PBCR
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2.GROSS SECTION (grossing) specimens are inspected with the bare eye diagnostic information further microscopic examination.
Tissues are saved in different cassettes having different color Yellow (liver, renal) Green (routine) White(bones) Grey(skin) Pink(lymph nodes)
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3.TISSUE PROCESSING fixing tissue into paraffin dehydration and clearing tissue is infiltrated with the embedding agent, (paraffin) Tissue processing is always automated for the large volumes of
tissues. Automation consists of an instrument that moves the tissues
around through the various agents on a preset time scale.
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4.EMBEDDING Orientation of tissue in melted parafin which provide a firm
medium for keeping all parts of tissue intact Temp of parafin (58-60 C) Instrument used (embedding station)
CUTTING
Microtome used for cutting about 3-5 micron
H&E
Hematoxlyin (water based dye)
Eosin(counter stain)
They stains nucleus & cytoplasm
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5.IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Ag-Ab specific reaction Clinical diagnosis and distinguishing diagnosis of tumor
histogenesis Can be used to locate particular cells and proteins Can be used to identify cellular events – e.g.apoptosis
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6.SPECIAL STAINS Required when diagnosis is not identified with
H&E staining
Some of the stains used are Connective tissue ( rapid trichome) Nucleic acid (methylene green pyronin) Carbohydrates(PAS & PASD)
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7.CYTOGENETICS
Study of chromosomes and its abnormalities chromosome number structure function behavior in relation to gene inheritance, organization and expression
Types of disorders: Deletions Inversions Translocation Addition(insertion)
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Types of specimen Blood Bone marrow Amniotic fluid
Procedures done Karyo typing G-banding FISH
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8.CYTOLOGY
Study of cells to know the infection,pre malignant and malignanent changes
2 types of samples Gyane
(pap smears) Non Gyane
(bodyfluids,CSF,urine,pericardial,pleural.asitic.synovial)
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Procedures done in cytology FNACP FNAC FNAB
Staining in cytology H&E Pap Dry (rapi) Gimesa
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9.SEMEN DR
Fresh sample of seminal fluid is examined for : Liquefaction Motility Number Morphology
Elements of analysis Quantity Color Liquefaction pH
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Tests done are Detailed report IUI (intra uterine insemination) Anti sperm antibody
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