Histology of Bone by dr.Danish :D
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Transcript of Histology of Bone by dr.Danish :D
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Histology of
bonelecture 1&2DR KHADIJA IQBAL
PROF!!OR A"A#O$%
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A 2 yers ol' boy (it)
s)ort stture Presenting complaint:
1. Short Stature
2. Bowing of legs
3. Deformity of chest
History of presenting complaints:
A mother has brought her son 2 years ol who has shortstature for his age. He was eli!ere in hospital withelaye cry an history of strior. He also has swollen "nees
which are bent inwars.
Physical #$amination:
A baby girl with absent upper limb% the forearm is e$tremelysmall an eforme an it appears as though the han isirectly connecte to the upper arm.
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Structure and Location
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Gross observation shows
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Compact vs. Spongy BoneCo
mpact vs. Spongy Bone
Irregular, thin plates
= trabeculae Dense and solid
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Presence of compact &spongy
bone
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Bone
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In young growing bones and in older bones after
trauma, an inner cellular (osteogenic layer of the
periosteum is found deep to
!eriosteum
the fibrous layer.
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Bun'les of *eriostel collgen+bers
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"he spindle#shaped osteoprogenitor cells of this highly
vasculari$ed layer can differentiate into osteoblasts
that produce new bone.
!eriosteum
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%ndosteum # consists ofa fine reticular
connective tissue
containing
osteoprogenitor cellswhich may be
transformed
into osteoblasts.
Bone
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%ndosteum
&ining of the
bone surface
facing the
marrow andalso of
trabeculae
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%ndosteum
%nters
perforating
('olman
canals
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%ndosteum
Continues to
cover central
canals
endosteum
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Composition of bone
cells
fibers
Groundsubstance
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Histology of Bone #issue Four ty*es of cells re *resent in bone tissue
Osteogenic cells
,n'ergo cell 'i-ision .ste/ cells0 t)e resulting cells 'e-elo*into osteoblsts
Osteoblsts
Bonebuil'ing cells !ynt)esi3e e4trcellulr /tri4 of bone tissue
Osteocytes
$ture bone cells
4c)nge nutrients n' (stes (it) t)e bloo'
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Histology of Bone #issue Osteoclsts
Relese en3y/es t)t 'igest t)e /inerl co/*onents of bone/tri4 .resorption0
Regulte bloo' clciu/ le-el
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). Its cells are located in lacunae
Bone
Osteoblsts re /ost i//turecellsIncti-esi/*le s5u/ousActi-ecolu/nr or cuboi'l
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&arge multinucleated cells with acidophilic
cytoplasm that occupy *owship+s lacunae etched,by en$ymatic action, into the surface of bone that
is being resorbed.
steoclasts
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steoclasts
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-ormed by the fusion of monocytes (part of the
mononuclear phagocyte system.
steoclasts
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"hese cells secrete acids, collagenase and other
proteolytic en$ymes.
steoclasts
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Proteo
glycans
&lyco proteins
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Chondroitin sulfates form most of the organic
portion of bone matri.
/round Substance
Orgnic*roteoglycn
n'glyco*rotein6collgenty*e I
Inorgnicclciu/6*)os*)orus67n' P)os*)te crystl)y'ro4y *etiet crystls
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0. Canaliculi lin the lacunae and serve as a meansfor the passage of nutrients
Bone
i
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Collagen fibers gives tensile strength and resiliency to
bone.
-ibers
-ib
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"he collagenous fibers within a lamella are oriented
in the same plane1 fibers in ad2acent lamellae areoriented at right angles to these.
-ibers
B
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3. "he collagen fibrils are
organi$ed into lamellae
Bone
'
B
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4icroscopic eamination shows
Bone
steon
Concentric
&amellae
Central
(*aversian
Canal
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canaliculi
lacunae
ground
bone,
unstained
B
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called osteocytes, occupy lacunae and are
somewhat evenly distributed throughout the bone
tissue. 5
Cells
Bone
B
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called osteocytes, occupy lacunae and are
somewhat evenly distributed throughout the bone
tissue. 5"he cells conform to the shape of the lacunae and
send processes into canaliculi, where they form gap
2unctions with the processes of ad2acent cells. 5
Cells
Bone
B
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Cylindrical units of 6 #76 concentric lamellae
which surround a
central *aversian
canal.
%ach lamellae is 0 to 8
9m in thicness and its
fibers run in a spiral
fashion around the
canal.
*aversian Systems (steons:
Bone
B
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"he *aversian canal containscapillaries, venules, lymphatic vessels
and a loose connective tissue
containing osteoprogenitor cells.
*aversian Systems (steons:
Bone
Bone
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Compact bone # consistsof:
(7 concentric lamellae
arranged in *aversian
systems, and5
() Interstitial lamellae
between the *aversian
systems.
rgani$ation of lamellae:
Bone
Bone
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*aversian canals are orientedin the long ais of the bone.
*aversian Systems (steons:
Bone
Bone
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*aversian canals are oriented
in the long ais of the bone.
'olmann+s canals are
vascular channels that
connect the *aversian system
with the blood vessels in the
periosteum.
*aversian Systems (steons:
Bone
Bone
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Bone
Bone
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;emnants of *aversian systems that were partially
resorbed.
Interstitial &amellae:
Bone
Bone
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uter circumferential
lamellae lie net to the
periosteum and oriented
parallel to it. 5
Inner circumferential
lamellae lie net to the
endosteum.
Circumferential &amellae:
Bone
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(icroscopic
e$amination of bones)o(s primary% immature% or wo!en bone seconary% mature% or lamellar bone.
Pri/ry bone is t)e +rst bone tissue to **er in e/bryonic
'e-elo*/ent n' in frcture re*ir n' ot)er re*ir *rocesses8 It is c)rcteri3e' by rn'o/ 'is*osition of +ne collgen +bers6
in contrst to t)e orgni3e' l/ellr 'is*osition of collgen insecon'ry bone8
te/*orry
.eg6 ner t)e sutures of t)e 9t bones of t)e s:ull6 in toot)soc:ets6 n' in t)e insertions of so/e ten'ons06 is re*lce' in'ults by secon'ry bone tissue8
lo(er /inerl content .it is /ore esily *enetrte' by 4rys0 n' )ig)er *ro*ortion of osteocytes t)n in secon'ry bone tissue
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Histology of Bone #issue
Bone /y be ctegori3e' s;7o/*ct
!*ongy
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Histology of Bone #issue
)ompact Bone
Resists t)e stresses *ro'uce' by (eig)tn' /o-e/ent
7o/*onents of co/*ct bone re
rrnge' into re*eting structurl unitsclle' osteons or Ha!ersian systems
Osteons consist of centrl .H-ersin0
cnl (it) concentriclly rrnge'l/elle6 lcune6 osteocytes6 n'cnliculi
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Histology of Bone #issueSpongy Bone
Lc:s osteonsL/elle re rrnge' in lttice of
t)in colu/ns clle' trabeculae
!*ces bet(een t)e trbecule /:ebones lig)ter #rbecule of s*ongy bone su**ort n'
*rotect t)e re' bone /rro(He/o*oiesis .bloo' cell *ro'uction0 occurs
in re' bone /rro( of s*ongy bone
i l f i
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Histology of Bone #issueSpongy Bone
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Components
cells,
fibers
matri
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Ric:ets
• 7lciu/ 'e+ciencyt)e bone /tri4 'oes not clcify nor/lly
t)e e*i*)ysel *lte beco/es 'istorte' byt)e nor/l strins of bo'y (eig)t n'/usculr cti-ity8
Ossi+ction *rocesses )in'ere'6
t)e bones not only gro( /ore slo(ly butlso beco/e 'efor/e'8
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Osteo/lci
• 7lciu/ 'e+ciency in 'ults gi-esrise to osteo/lci .osteon = >r8
/l:i6 softness06• 'e+cient clci+ction of recently
for/e' bone
• *rtil 'eclci+ction of lre'yclci+e' /tri48
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Osteo*orosis
• i//obili3e' *tients
• *ost/eno*usl (o/en
• 'isese cuse' by 'efect inosteoclst function t)t results ino-ergro(t)6 t)ic:ening6 n'
)r'ening of bones• #)ic: n' 'ense/rble bones