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Histology DiseasesRenal and Respiratory

Structure Affected Disease/Dysfunction Cause/Description Image

Filtration Apparatus Alport Syndrome Glomerular Basement Membrane is thickened,with a basketweave appearance.

Filtration Apparatus Good pastureSyndrome

antigens form antibodies that attack the GBM,results is basement membrane leakage andultimately leading to renal failure (this alsoaffects the respiratory system)

Filtration Apparatus Congenital NephroticSyndrome

Nephrin is a transmembrane protein that isimportant contributor to the structure andfunction of the diaphragm of the filtrationapparatus. (The diaphragm is the interdigitationof the pedicles of the processes of thepodocytes). Mutations in the nephrin gene areassociated with this disorder.

RespiratoryEpithelium

Cystic Fibrosis defect in Cl channel protein results in viscousmucus. The Mucociliary Escalatorymalfunctions, causing obstruction of airways.

Turbinates Allergic Rhinitis Swell Bodies (blood vessels in lamina propria of

respiratory epithelium) are created by histamineallergic response, blocking airways.

Structure Affected

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Bronchioles Allergic Asthma chronic inflammation at the level of thebronchiole lead to airway remodelinghyperplasia of the epithelium and increase in thenumber of goblet cells, and the basementmembrane thickens. This all leads toconstriction, making it hard to breathe. Note thatan asthma inhaler actually relaxes the smoothmuscle on the bronchioles.

AlveolarMacrophages DustCells

Heart Fai lure Macrophages can act as heart fai lure cellsduring heart failure. They break down blood inthe lung if the heart is failing.

RespiratoryEpithelium

Smoking basement membrane becomes thicker, numberof goblet cells increases, cilia lose synchronousbeating pattern, and cilia are lost altogether, lossof olfactory neurons, ciliated cells are replacedwith stratified squamous cells (metaplasiareversible change replacement by differentiationof basal cells), increased incidence of lungcancer. Also leads to increased numbers ofmacrophages and neutrophils in the lungintersititum.

Elastic Tissue ofLung

Emphysema/COPD destruction of the inter alveolar septa resulting inlose of elasticity. The alveoli are enlarged into

cystic sacs and pt. presents with barrel chestbecause of overinflation of the sacs.

Disease/Dysfunction Cause/Description ImageStructure Affected

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