HIST 202 – U.S. HISTORY. Evaluate the Progressive’s record. Was progressivism really...
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Transcript of HIST 202 – U.S. HISTORY. Evaluate the Progressive’s record. Was progressivism really...
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PROGRESSIVE ERA, 1901-1918
HIST 202 – U.S. HISTORY
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Evaluate the Progressive’s record. Was progressivism really progressive? Be sure to explain three (3) social and three (3) political reforms as part of the progressives’ policies.
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Case Study - Progressivism Gather the following information from
sources: Interpretation of the documents Evidence of progression or regression Evaluation of progressivism
***These documents/events are fair game for Exam #2 - HINT
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Origins of Progressivism Grew out of:
Industrialization Immigration Urban Expansion
Progressivism is PROGRESS!!
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Origins of Progressivism
National movement born out of state reforms
Progressive presidents: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson
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Attitudes and Motives Country was
changing RAPIDLY! Industrialized Non-agrarian Melting pot of
immigrants Innocence was lost
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Attitudes and Motives Participants were
extremely diverse: Women Liberal educators Early civil rights
crusaders Middle-class
reformers
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Who were Progressives? Middle-class
Shop owners Lawyers Doctors Ministers
Religious Social Gospel
Liberals
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Scientific Management Frederick W. Taylor
Conducted research in factories
Timed output cycles Discovered ways to
organize people in efficient manner
Progressives…govt. can be more efficient
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The Muckrakers Made Americans
wake up!! Origins
Henry Demarest Lloyd
Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894)
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Popular Literature Magazines
McClure’s Collier’s Cosmopolitan Authors contributed
stories Books
Lincoln Steffans – The Shame of the Cities
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives
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Decline of Muckraking Reasons:
Some stories were hard to beat
Magazines were asked to tone down the stories
Corporations had public relation departments
Legal problems
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Political Reform in Cities and States Secret ballots
(“Australian Ballot”) Direct election of
Senators – 17th Amendment (1913)
Direct primaries Robert LaFollette
(Wis.) Let the people
decide
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Political Reforms Initiative
Method that voters could compel legislators to consider a bill
Referendum Allowed voters to vote on the issue
Recall Allowed voters to get rid of corrupt officials
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Social Welfare Settlement house
reformers Jane Addams
Believed in social justice
Better schools Better courts Divorce laws Criminal reform
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Municipal Reform Get rid of political
machines and bosses
Get control of public utilities
Voters elect city managers and commissioners
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State Reform Governors
Battled with corporate interests
Fraudulent companies
Corrupt railroads Tax reform
Robert LaFollette
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Occupational Reform Triangle Shirtwaist
Fire March 25th 1911 146 women perished
in flames 71 injured Blamed poor
working conditions No fire plans Fire escapes were
damaged or locked!!!
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Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Progressivism shot into gear under Teddy
1902 Coal Strike Expanded T.R.’s
power as president
Standard Oil trust “Bad trusts” “Good trusts”
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T.R.’s Square Deal Consumer protection
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Environmental protection Newlands Reclamation Act
(1902) U.S. Forest Service (1908)
150 million acres of land for parks
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Taft’s Presidency Won election of
1908 Defeated William
Jennings Bryan Busted the most
trusts in history U.S. Steel Angered Teddy
Split Republican party Progressives Republicans
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Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson – D William Howard Taft – R Theodore Roosevelt – P/BM Eugene V. Debs – S
Split in Republican Party Economic policies First time “3rd Party places
2nd in polls
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Woodrow Wilson’s Progressive Program Pledged “New Freedom” Attacked the “triple wall of
privilege” Tariffs
Underwood Tariff (1913) Banking
Federal Reserve Act (1914) Trusts
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Federal Trade Commission
(1914)
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African Americans 2nd rate citizens “Separate but
equal” Progressive
presidents paid little mind to Thought there were
more pressing issues Shared in the racist
sentiment
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Eugenic Studies Authorized in 1912 –
still governor of NJ Appointed doctors to
determine if “lesser beings” should procreate
Stripped freedoms away from those who didn’t understand
Mentally retarded, criminals, “idiots”, African Americans in South
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Two Approaches – Washington and DuBois
DuBois Washington
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The Great Migration Mass migration of
blacks from South to northern cities 1910-1930 Aided by the Urban
League (1911)
Causes Deteriorating race
conditions Crops decimated by
boll weevil Job opportunities in
cities
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Civil Rights Organizations 1905 – Niagara
Movement Dubois Met at Niagara Falls,
Canada 1908 – NAACP
1920 – 100,000 members
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Progressives and Women
Liberal thinkers - educated
Wanted equal rights as men
Suffragist Movement Carrie Chapman Catt
– National American Woman Suffrage Assn. (NAWSA)
Alice Paul – National Woman’s Party
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19th Amendment Wilson was VERY
reluctant 1920 – guaranteed
women’s right to vote
Aided in women’s rights for Property Divorce Birth control
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End of Progressivism WWI ends
Progressivism Worried about the
war Many reforms were
in place Reformers thought
their jobs were done