Exam # 2 and Class Activity (quiz) reviewChapter 23

1. President Wilson’s basic approach to foreign relations was that he

A. favored aggressive military expansion by AmericanB. though the “Open Door” policy and the Panama Canal should be abandoned as imperialisticC. wanted to spread the gospel of American democracy to enlighten the unfortunate and ignorantD. feared and despised foreign nationsE. demonstrated a hard-headed, almost cynical, realism

2. Wilson became deeply involved in Mexican politics in response to the reactionary general __________, who led the 1913 coup and had his former chief murdered.

A. Venustiano CarranzaB. Francisco MaderaC. Adolf DiazD. Francisco VillaE. Victoriano Huerta

3. When the Mexican tyrant Huerta abdicated, and Venustiano Carranza, who favored a more representative government, came to power in 1914, he soon faced a revolt led by Francisco “Pancho” Villa. Wilson responded to this by

A. maintaining strict neutralityB. aiding Carranza because he seemed willing to cooperate with the United StatesC. landing the marines at Vera Cruz to restore stabilityD. supporting Villa because he seemed willing to cooperate with the United StatesE. aiding Carranza because he was committed to social reform

4. In 1916, United States troops, commanded by General John J. Pershing, invaded ___________ to capture “Pancho” Villa.

A. HaitiB. Puerto RicoC. NicaraguaD. MexicoE. Cuba

5. The idealistic president who set out to raise the moral tone of American foreign policy by denouncing dollar diplomacy was

A. William Howard TaftB. Theodore RooseveltC. Woodrow Wilson

D. William McKinleyE. Warren G. Harding

6. The Great War was precipitated by the

A. Austrians launching a massive offensive across Switzerland in order to outflank and surprise the FrenchB. assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian nationalistC. French invading Germany to seek revenge for their humiliation in the Franco-Prussian WarD. inability of the French and the Germans to reach a peaceful settlement in their dispute over control of the Alsace-Lorraine regionE. Russian surprise attack on Austria-Hungary, designed to create a buffer zone to their west

7. At the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, the Allied Powers included

A. Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turkey, and GermanyB. Russia, Austria-Hungary, and GermanyC. the United States, Great Britain, and FranceD. Great Britain, France, RussiaE. France, Great Britain, and Spain

8. American attitudes toward the two sides in the Great War were most influenced by

A. German propagandaB. conflict over freedom of the seasC. British propagandaD. Wilson’s militarismE. conflicts over war crimes against civilians

9. According to your text, many Americans favored neutrality during the Great War because

A. they believed the Central Powers were going to be victorious within the first six monthB. over two-thirds of all Americans were either first or second generation immigrantsC. they did not care which side wonD. they believed the Allies were going to win the war within the first six monthsE. Americans traditionally feared entanglement in European affairs

10. What was the effect of the Great War upon the American economy from 1914 to 1916?

A. Because of Wilson’s embargo, there was almost no effectB. Trade with the Central Powers almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Allies fell to a trickleC. Because of Wilson’s embargo, the economy suffered a severe recessionD. Trade with the Allies almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Central Powers almost disappeared

E. Because both the Allies and the Central Powers attacked neutral shipping, American foreign trade collapsed and the economy slumped

11. Wilson’s policy of holding the Germans to “strict accountability” for American losses resulting from violations of freedom of the seas

A. did not reflect Americans’ neutralityB. was strongly opposed by Secretary of State BryanC. was supported by hid demands for greatly increased military appropriationsD. was consistent with international lawE. was strongly supported by Secretary of State Bryan

12. Many Americans were shocked and outraged when the British liner ___________ torpedoed and almost 1200 people died.

A. Prince of WalesB. LaconiaC. SussexD. TitanicD. Lusitania

13. In the presidential election of 1916, the leading issue was

A. Wilson’s inept efforts at domestic reformB. American policy toward the warring powersC. government regulation of businessD. Wilson’s racial policiesE. child-labor legislation

14. In February, 1917, the U.S. learned of the _______________ Telegram in which Germany offered a military assistance to Mexico in the U.S. entered the war on the Allied side.

A. ZimmermannB. NogalesC. LudendorfD. HindenburgE. Wilhelm

15. If the United States had not entered the Great War, it is likely that

A. the Central Powers would have won in 1918B. the Allies would have won anywayC. there would have been a negotiated settlement because of the mutual exhaustion of both sidesD. the Bolshevik revolution would have succeeded in spreading to the rest of EuropeE. Germany would have invaded England

16. When the United States entered the Great War, from a military point of view, the country was

A. lacking both a standing army and navyB. poorly preparedC. fairly well preparedD. extremely well preparedE. lacking an adequate navy, although the army was first-rate and well-equipped

17. During the Great War, the government agency which had almost dictatorial powers to allocate scarce materials and fix prices was the

A. United States Railroad AdministrationB. Council of National DefenseC. War Industries BoardD. War Labor Policies BoardE. National Labor Relations Board

18. Farm income during the Great War

A. droppedB. remained constant with the “parity” years 1910-1914C. increased slightlyD. rose dramaticallyE. failed to keep up with inflation

19. During the Great War, those most often suspected of disloyalty were

A. German-AmericansB. Chinese-AmericansC. Italian-AmericansD. Dutch-AmericansE. Hungarian-Americans

20. During the Great War, mere criticism of the government became cause for arrest and imprisonment under the ________ Act.

A. EspionageB. SeditionC. Trading-with-the EnemiesD. AmericanismE. Homeland Security

21. “Let me emphasize the fact…that the working class who fight all the battles, the working class who make the supreme sacrifices, the working class who freely shed their blood and furnish

the corpses, have never yet had a voice in either declaring war or making peace. It is the ruling class that invariably does both. They alone declare war and they alone make peace.”The author was

A. George CreelB. Henry Cabot LodgeC. Robert La FolletteD. Eugene V. DebsE. Jane Addams

22. The Great War triggered a major movement of

A. farmers to urban centersB. urbanites to rural communitiesC. southern blacks to northern citiesD. European immigrants to the United StatesE. northern blacks to southern cities

23. Most black Americans reacted to the Great War with

A. cynicism about the irony of a racist society fighting to make the world safe for democracyB. optimism that the walls of prejudice were beginning to crumbleC. delight that the armed forces were desegregatedD. fear that it would increase racism and lynchingE. disgust with a “white man’s war” which did not concern them

24. President Wilson’s plan for a lasting peace after the Great War was known as the

A. Fourteen PointsB. Versailles PlanC. League of NationsD. Peace Without Victory PlanE. Democracy Plan

25. Wilson believed that any weakness in the Versailles Treaty could be overcome by the

A. Fourteen PointsB. World CourtC. League of NationsD. Lodge ReservationsE. Great Power Summits

26. The basic reason why the U.S. Senate failed to ratify the Versailles Treaty was the

A. refusal of both Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge to compromiseB. conflict between the treaty and the Monroe Doctrine

C. uncompromising opposition of the “irreconcilables”D. failure of the Treaty to include a League of NationsE. disinterest of most Americans in foreign affairs

27. The peace settlement reached at the Paris conference of 1919 was called the _____ Treaty.

A. Tuileries GardenB. ChartresC. League of NationsD. Arc de TriompheE. Versailles

28. In the 1919-1920 “Red Scare,” radicals were ruthlessly suppressed by Attorney General

A. A. Mitchell PalmerB. J. Edgar HooverC. Oliver Wendell HolmesD. Calvin CoolidgeE. William Z. Foster

29. The results of the presidential election of 1920 reflected most Americans’

A. embrace of continuing reform and idealismB. support of the League of NationsC. dislike of the Lodge ReservationsD. continuing faith in Woodrow WilsonE. rejection of reform and idealism

30. According to your text, the most significant result of the Senate’s failure to ratify the Versailles Treaty was the

A. creation of a powerful campaign issue for the DemocratsB. decision by Wilson to seek re-electionC. rejection of effective world governmentD. loss of the possibility of world peaceE. renewal of bitter sectional tensions

Chapter 24

31. During the 1920s, how were immigrants from southern and eastern Europe affected by the new quota system of immigration?

A. They continued to immigrate at the same rates as from 1900 to 1914

B. They found it much more difficult to immigrateC. They found it much easier to immigrate

D. They was a large quota for them than they could useE. They were neither discriminated against nor favored by the system

32. In addition to closing its gates to eastern European immigrants in the 1920s, the United States also

A. prohibited immigration from CanadaB. experienced increasing anti-SemitismC. prohibited immigration from Latin AmericaD. experienced decreasing anti-CatholicismE. prohibited immigration from Australia

33. In the early 20th century, married couples continued the mid-19th century pattern of marrying

A. primarily for social positionB. at later ages and having fewer childrenC. primarily to please their parentsD. at earlier ages and having more childrenE. primarily for economic advantage

34. During the 1920s, young men and women

A. replaced “dating” with “paying a call”B. were actually more old-fashioned in their sexual behavior than their grandparentsC. glorified respect for social and paternal authorityD. related in an increasingly relaxed and uninhibited fashionE. began courting with virtually no rules or conventions

35. Feminist Margaret Sanger was one of the

A. leaders of divorce reformB. strongest proponents of birth-controlC. major critics of an equal rights amendmentD. chief opponents of prohibitionE. most significant critics of women suffrage

36. After winning the vote, most women in 1920s

A. made major social and economic gainsB. eliminated the double standardC. lost interest in agitating for changeD. realized the long journey toward equality had been wonE. became actively involved in electoral politics

37. The 1920s saw immense change in popular culture because of the two new technologies of

A. telephones and telegraphsB. phonographs and televisionC. motion pictures and radiosD. microphones and typewritesE. Blackberries and iPhones

38. The major effect of advertising on radio was

A. an overnight mushrooming of the number of stationsB. limited because early advertising was so unsophisticatedC. production of programs of stimulating intellectual content, aimed at educating the general publicD. so devastating that the Federal Communications Commission was forced to step in and regulate advertisingE. production of programs of little intellectual content or controversy, aimed at the lowest tastes

39. During the 1920s, American sports were

A. torn by conflicts about the influence of money in amateur sportsB. languishing because people had neither money nor time to devote to themC. extraordinary popularD. relatively unaffected by the influence of radio and advertisingE. still regionally based

40. In the 1920s, many rural Americans thought of the new city-oriented culture as

A. offering exciting and wholesome recreationB. encouraging people to turn to ChristianityC. blighted by sin and materialismD. supporting their attempts to preserve traditional valuesE. providing good jobs and economic mobility for their children

41. Urban-rural tensions of the twenties produced a resurgence of

A. nostalgia for Old World valuesB. labor radicalsC. religious fundamentalismD. agrarian radicalismE. urban progressivism

42. The 1925 Dayton, Tennessee “Monkey Trial” dealt with

A. regulating circus sideshowsB. promoting free speechC. limiting free speechD. halting cruelty to animals

E. teaching evolution in the public schools

43. The chief counsel for the defendant, John T. Scopes, in the famous “Monkey Trial" was

A. Louis BrandeisB. Kent DarrowC. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.D. Clarence DarrowE. William Jennings Bryan

44. The prohibition movement was most strongly supported by _________ Americans.

A. ruralB. immigrantsC. working-classD. urbanE. Catholic

45. The most horrible example of the social malaise of the 1920s, was the

A. campaign for birth controlB. intimidation of the “Red Scare”C. popularity of religious fundamentalismD. hypocrisy of prohibitionE. revival of the Ku Klux Klan

46. The major factor in the collapse of the Ku Klux Klan in the late 1920s was the

A. growing public awareness of its crueltyB. federal crack-down on its violenceC. increase in rural prosperityD. condemnation of it by Protestant churchesE. increase in ethnically and racially mixed marriages

47. The Sacco-Vanzetti case graphically demonstrated that American justice had little sympathy toward

A. Native AmericansB. religious fundamentalismC. radicals and aliensD. Roman CatholicsE. unemployed artists

48. According to your text, the literature of the 1920s reflected the

A. hopeful experimentation of the progressives

B. disillusionment of the intellectualsC. romantic innocence of an earlier age D. liberal faith in the basic goodness and reasonableness of people

49. During the 1920s blacks experienced

A. increasing union membershipB. decreasing militancy and activismC. discrimination and concentration in northern ghettosD. optimism based on gains in civil rightsE. increasing integration in smaller northern towns

50. The leader of the Universal Improvement Association, whose slogan was “Back to Africa,”was

A. Marcus GarveyB. W.E.B. Du BoisC. Booker T. WashingtonD. Langston HughesE. Zora Neale Hurston

52. In May 1927, the first solo non-stop flight from New York to Paris was made in his Spirit of St. Louis by

A. Malcolm LockheedB. Wilbur WrightC. John B. RaeD. Charles LindberghE. Carl Ben Eielson Chapter 25

53. The term with which President Warren G. Harding is frequently identified is

A. new nationalismB. normalcyC. progressive individualismD. new freedomE. rugged individualism

54. The “Ohio Gang” is associated with President

A. Warren G. HardingB. Calvin CoolidgeC. Herbert HooverD. Franklin D. Roosevelt

E. Woodrow Wilson

55. During the 1920s, appointments to federal regulatory agencies such as the Interstate Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board were generally

A. liberalB. pro-big businessC. anti-big businessD. radicalE. delayed by Congress

56. The illegal leasing of government oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, was the worst scandal involving the administration of President

A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Calvin CoolidgeD. Herbert HooverE. Warren G. Harding

57. Immediately after the Great War, Americans generally were

A. retreating into isolationismB. anxious to participate in international organizationsC. reluctant to abandon the rest of the worldD. optimistic about a ‘good neighbor” policy with Latin AmericaE. regretting that America was not a member of the League of Nations

58. Under the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, the United States agreed to

A. join the League of Nations despite its previous objectionsB. cooperate with the World Court in all matters outside of the Western HemisphereC. reduce its navy by half during the next ten yearsD. renounce war as a solution in international controversiesE. a joint military defense pact with France

59. The totalitarian challenge to the United States and the European democracies began with the 1931 invasion of Manchuria by

A. VietnamB. RussiaC. GermanyD. JapanE. Italy

60. Under the Stimson Doctrine, the United States

A. renounced America’s claim of the right to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin AmericaB. applied the principle of the Open Door Policy to Africa as well as AsiaC. announced a complete boycott of any aggressor nationD. declared that it would never recognize the legality of seizures made in violation of American treaty rightsE. initiated a “good neighbor” policy toward Latin America

61. The weakest element in the economy during the 1920s was

A. retailingB. petroleumC. steelD. agricultureE. housing

62. In 1932, Hoover approved creating the ________ to lend money to insurance companies,railroads, and banks

A. Federal Financial Emergency BoardB. Reconstruction Finance CorporationC. Federal Reserve BoardD. Emergency Banking FundE. National Recovery Administration

63. How were families of the unemployed affected by the Great Depression?

A. Grandparents tended to become more important than parentsB. Wives’ influence tended to increaseC. Families with strong and loving relationships were the most likely to crumble under the pressureD. Parents’ authority tended to increaseE. The birthrate increased sharply

64. Franklin D. Roosevelt owed his nomination for presidency to his success as

A. Mayor of New York CityB. U.S. Senator from OhioC. Governor of New YorkD. Secretary of CommerceE. U.S. Senator from New York

65. President Franklin D. Roosevelt called his plan of reform and recovery theA. Square DealB. New DealC. New Nationalism

D. New EraE. Fair Deal

66. During the Great Depression, “Hoovervilles” became homes for

A. homeless peopleB. displaced Native AmericansC. rebellious farmersD. government officialsE. Mexicans awaiting deportation