HIS 106 Chapter 17
description
Transcript of HIS 106 Chapter 17
![Page 1: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HIS 106Chapter 17
Africa 1000 - 1800
![Page 2: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Africa
How do you see it? Had kingdoms, laws, religion, and art Received outside influences -- some
beneficial, some not:– Muslims– European– Foodstuffs– Slavery
![Page 3: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Kingdoms
Present from 1000 to 1800 Some lasted longer than others No single power could control Africa for long Regionalism and tribal conflicts kept that
from happening
![Page 4: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Spread of Islam in Africa
Islam spread south throughout many, but not all, areas through trade routes
Islam either co-existed or blended with traditional beliefs
Islam took hold primarily in urban trade centers
It was rare to find Islam in more remote areas
![Page 5: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Islam?
Begun by Muhammad who was born in570 He resided in Mecca In 610 he began receiving revelations, he
felt, from God via the angel Gabriel These were later collected in the Muslim holy
book called the Qu’ran and became the basis of Islam
![Page 6: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Not immediately accepted by all– Threatened the traditional Arab gods– Muhammad fled to Medina when he felt his life
was in danger– His following grew, and he returned to Mecca in
629– He was then able to convert most of the
inhabitants of Mecca to Islam
![Page 7: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Islam united the Arab people like never before
They had a belief in one God called Allah All believers were equal before Allah The strong and wealthy were responsible for
the care of the weak and poor Muhammad and his teachings became the
basis for laws regulating the Muslim faith
![Page 8: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
In Islam, all would face a last judgment before a stern but compassionate Allah
Islam’s 5 Pillars provided the basis for underlying unity:– Acceptance of Islam– Pray 5 times daily facing Mecca – Pay a zakat to charity (tithe)– Fast during month of Ramadan– Make a hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca at least 1 time
![Page 9: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Muhammad died in 632 His followers quarreled over succession A new leader was chosen who reunited Islam
by 633 Muslims then began to take new territory and
spread their religion to these areas There were victories in today’s Iraq, Iran, and
North Africa
![Page 10: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Succession Problems
Succession problems led to a split in the religion
There were those who would follow the appointed leader of Islam
There were others who felt the leader should be a blood relative of Muhammad
As a result, the religion split into 2 parts: Sunnis and Shi’ites
![Page 11: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Presence of Islam
In East Africa there were Islamic city-states along the coast in port cities
In the western and central areas, Islam arrived by overland trade routes
Some of the Muslims stayed in these trade cities Conversion campaigns led by the Almorvids swept
through Ghana, and Kumbi by 1076 Islam moved into Senegal by 1030s
![Page 12: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
African kingdoms
There were major African Kingdoms before Islamic trade routes added to their influence
From 1000 – 1600, there were 4 long-lived empires of note:– Ghana– Mali– Songhai– Kanem-Bornu
![Page 13: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
All had hierarchical societies, successful economies, and an army
There were also some Christian states in the eastern Sudan– Maqurra– Alwa– Nubia
![Page 14: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
With increasing Muslim immigration and an elitist quality to their Christianity, these Christian areas slowly changed over to Islam
![Page 15: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
European Entry
When Europeans entered Africa, change was the result
It was the Portuguese who first came and set up small trading forts or settlements near the coast (fear of disease)
They traded for African food crops, gold, salt, hides, copper, and slaves
![Page 16: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Later, other European groups arrived wanting slaves to work on their plantations in their New World colonies
The Senegambian states provided about 1/3 of all African slaves during the 16th century
After that, slaves were primarily taken from other areas to the south
![Page 17: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
On the east coast of Africa changes were coming to their culture and languages
A Swahili culture and language was taking hold
Swahili = Arabic with Bantu So we had Muslims settling in the east and
Europeans in the west and south
![Page 18: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Settlement of South Africa
In the 17th century the Dutch East India Company set up a station at the Cape of Good Hope
1657 – Colonization was allowed A Dutch-speaking, slave-owning, agricultural
community developed They were called the Boers, Dutch for
peasant or farmer
![Page 19: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Each Dutch planter felt entitled to 6,000 acres
As the Dutch moved in, the Africans were pushed out
Those Africans who weren’t enslaved by the Dutch moved into other territories
This resulted in CONFLICT with other African tribes, mainly the Zulus
![Page 20: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The whites there believed in white dominance, and some racial mixing took place resulting in a “colored race” or mixed
Boers kept pushing out the Africans who moved in on the Zulus.
The Zulus pushed back in what has been called the “Mfecane” or crushing in the 19th century
![Page 21: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Zulus were able to remain independent until the late 1870s
Another problem arose for the Dutch As a result of the Napoleonic Wars in
Europe, the Cape of Good Hope came under British control in 1806
This caused the Dutch frustration leading to conflict in the 1800s
![Page 22: HIS 106 Chapter 17](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5681508b550346895dbe8773/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The result was that the British remained in control and tried to assimilate the Dutch
The Union of South Africa was formed in 1910