HIRES T echnical concept and design
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Transcript of HIRES T echnical concept and design
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HIRESTechnical concept and design
01.10.2013 E. Oliva, HIRES meeting, Brera (Milan, Italy) 1
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HIRES requirements/goals
01.10.2013 E. Oliva, HIRES meeting, Brera (Milan, Italy) 2
HR• Full l-coverage (0.35-2.5mm) in a single exposure• RV-optimized, ultra-stable HR mode R~100,000• Throughput-optimized HR mode R~100,000• Polarimetric capabilities
Others• Throughput-optimized MR mode R~10,000 • Some multi-objects capabilities in MR• Diffraction limited IFU/slit with R~100,000 at IR l’s
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HIRES basic physics of ELTs
01.10.2013 E. Oliva, HIRES meeting, Brera (Milan, Italy) 3
Adaptive optics do not help much below 1.2 mm, and are virtually useless below 1 mm HIRES must be designed for seeing limited PSF
Cannot make a instrument with a grating of ~10m HIRES cannot be a genuine, HR-optimized spectrometer
HIRES is intrinsically a MR-optimized spectrographTo obtain HR one needs a long-slit and a slicer
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HIRES main HR-RV observing mode
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Mode R D-fib N.objSize of Res. Element
Commenton-sky pixels
HR-RV 100,000 0.76” 2 + lcal 0.127” x 5.0” 2.8 x 63 1x6 slicing, optimized for RV (scramble etc.)
HR-HT 100,000 0.76” 2 (+lcal) 0.127” x 5.0” 2.8 x 63 1x6 slicing, optimized for throughput
MR MOS 14,500 0.86” 10 0.86” x 0.86” 20 x 11 MOS on ELT 10’ fov
HR2 IFU 80,000 7mas 35 7mas x 7mas 3.5 x 2 SCAO fov 35x49 mas
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HIRES main HR-RV observing mode
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Illumination of input slit
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HIRES main HR-RV observing mode
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3D layout and rays tracing of HIRES-YHJ spectrometer
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HIRES main HR-RV observing mode
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3D layout and rays trace animation of HIRES-YHJ spectrometer
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HIRES main HR-RV observing mode
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Parameter HIRES CODEX Espresso# Fibers 2 2 2D-fiber 0.76” 0.82” 1”Simultaneous lcal Always Use sky fiber Use sky fiberSpectra of fibers 1,2 On same detector On different CCDs On same detector
Echelle length 1.2m 1.6m 1.2mF/n of cameras(1) F/1.0 F/1.4 F/1.8# of reflections(2) 7 11 6# of refr. elements (2) 9 8 7
Comparison with other HR spectrographs
(1) In the cross-dispersion direction(2) Refers to the optical elements of the spectrometer
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HIRES other observing modes
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Mode R D-fib N.objSize of Res. Element
Commentsky pixels
HR-RV 100,000 0.76” 2 + lcal 0.127” x 5.0” 2.8 x 63 1x6 slicing, optimized for RV (scramble etc.)
HR-HT 100,000 0.76” 2 (+lcal) 0.127” x 5.0” 2.8 x 63 1x6 slicing, optimized for throughput
MR MOS 14,500 0.86” 10 0.86” x 0.86” 20 x 11 MOS on ELT 10’ fov
HR2 IFU 80,000 7mas 35 7mas x 7mas 3.5 x 2 SCAO fov 35x49 mas
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HIRES other observing mode
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Illumination of input slit
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HIRES modes-switch does not affect main mode
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HIRES observing modes
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HIRES modular instrument scheme
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We just described this part
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• 4 independent spectrographs fed by 4 groups of fibers • Each spectrograph/fiber sees a different l-range
• Each fiber is fed through dichroics with separate ADC’s to correct atmospheric dispersion
• Interface to K-fiber is cooled and includes a cold-stop, while does not have an ADC
• In the medium-resolution mode there are 10 groups of fibers (i.e. 10 fiber interfaces) each looking at a different object, i.e. it is a MOS mode
01.10.2013
HIRES modular instrument scheme
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HIRES: fibers interface and positioner
This part
01.10.2013
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HIRES: fibers interface and positioner
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4 fibers looking at the same object
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HIRES: fibers interface and positioner
• 4 spectrographs fed by 4 group of fibers • Each spectrograph/fiber sees a different l-range
• Each fiber is fed through dichroics with separate ADC’s to correct atmospheric dispersion
• Interface to K-fiber is cooled and includes a cold-stop, while does not need an ADC
• In the medium-resolution mode there are 10 groups of fibers (i.e. 10 fiber interfaces) each looking at a different object, i.e. it is a MOS mode
01.10.2013
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E. Oliva, HIRES meeting, Brera (Milan, Italy) 18
HIRES: fibers interface and positioner
Optical layout and rays-tracing for different zenith angles
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U-K atmospheric dispersion =2” @45o ADC fundamental
2” corresponds to 6mm (!!) on E-ELT focal plane
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ELT = Extremely Large effect of aTmospheric dispersion..
01.10.2013
…ELT-MOS instruments do not foresee ADC’s !!
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HIRES: fibers interface and positioner 3D layout with rays-tracing at z=0o
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Dfiber(HR) = 0.50mm
Dfiber(MR)= 0.57mm
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E. Oliva, HIRES meeting, Brera (Milan, Italy) 21
HIRES: fibers interface and positioner
• 4 spectrographs fed by 4 group of fibers • Each spectrograph/fiber sees a different l-range
• Each fiber is fed through dichroics with separate ADC’s to correct atmospheric dispersion
• Interface to K-fiber is cooled and includes a cold-stop, while does not have an ADC
• In the medium-resolution mode there are 10 groups of fibers (i.e. 10 fiber interfaces) each looking at a different object, i.e. it is a MOS mode
01.10.2013
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E. Oliva, HIRES meeting, Brera (Milan, Italy) 22
HIRES: fibers interface and positioner • Fiber interface is an A4-size rectangle ~10cm thick• 10+ interfaces can be positioned on the Nas-focus
01.10.2013
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HIRES as a MR spectrometer
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Mode R D-fib N.objSize of Res. Element
Commentsky pixels
HR-RV 100,000 0.76” 2 + lcal 0.127” x 5.0” 2.8 x 63 1x6 slicing, optimized for RV (scramble etc.)
HR-HT 100,000 0.76” 2 (+lcal) 0.127” x 5.0” 2.8 x 63 1x6 slicing, optimized for throughput
MR MOS 14,500 0.86” 10 0.86” x 0.86” 20 x 11 MOS on ELT 10’ fov
HR2 IFU 80,000 7mas 35 7mas x 7mas 3.5 x 2 SCAO fov 35x49 mas
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HIRES spectral sampling
MR spectral element on 220 pixels ! Is this really optimized?
… again basic physics of ELTs ...
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HIRES vs. OPTIMOS
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HIRES as an IFU spectrometer
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Mode R D-fib N.objSize of Res. Element
Commentsky pixels
HR-RV 100,000 0.76” 2 + lcal 0.127” x 5.0” 2.8 x 63 1x6 slicing, optimized for RV (scramble etc.)
HR-HT 100,000 0.76” 2 (+lcal) 0.127” x 5.0” 2.8 x 63 1x6 slicing, optimized for throughput
MR MOS 14,500 0.86” 10 0.86” x 0.86” 20 x 11 MOS on ELT 10’ fov
HR2 IFU 80,000 7mas 35 7mas x 7mas 3.5 x 2 SCAO fov 35x49 mas
A zoom on the central pixel of present IFU’s at the highest spectral and spatial resolutions
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HIRES: IFU interface
01.10.2013
Dfiber(IFU) = 0.11mmDbundle(IFU) = 0.77mm
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HIRES: IFU, scale change and diffraction limit
01.10.2013
• Change of scale is obtained by feeding fibers with a slower beam• Nothing is changed in the spectrometer• Spectrometer is oversized, it works with a shrunk pupil image
• Effective size of pupil image depends on fibers FRDo pupil diameter is much larger than in geometric opticso spectrometer does not work in diffraction-limit mode
Fibers focal ratio degradation helps to get better image quality (!)
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HIRES: fibers transmission and positioning of modules
This part
01.10.2013
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AnywhereNas-platform Nas-platformFar from platform
HIRES: fibers transmission and positioning of modules
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HIRES cross-dispersed spectral format Same format for all observing modes
H 1.45-1.81 mmorders 74-93
J 1.16-1.38 mmorders 99-119
Y 0.97-1.14 mmorders 118-140
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HIRES cross-dispersed spectral format Slit too long for full spectral coverage with 1 channel
01.10.2013 E. Oliva, HIRES meeting, Brera (Milan, Italy) 32
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HIRES comparison R4-R6
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Illumination of input slit
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HIRES comparison R6 – R4
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R6: no anamorphics magnification before echelle
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HIRES with R4 echelle (H-band)
19.02.2013 ELT-HIRES workshop, Cambrige 35
R64 1.5 x anamorphic magnification before echelle
200mm collimated beam
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HIRES with R4 echelle (J-band)
19.02.2013 ELT-HIRES workshop, Cambrige 36
R64 1.5 x anamorphic magnification before echelle
200mm collimated beam
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HIRES with R4 echelle (Y-band)
19.02.2013 ELT-HIRES workshop, Cambrige 37
R64 1.5 x anamorphic magnification before echelle
200mm collimated beam