Hinduism. Hindu Basics 3 rd largest religion in the world –837 million adherents –13% of the...
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Transcript of Hinduism. Hindu Basics 3 rd largest religion in the world –837 million adherents –13% of the...
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Hinduism
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Hindu Basics
• 3rd largest religion in the world– 837 million adherents– 13% of the world’s
population
• Practiced primarily in India and Nepal
• ~ 80% of Indians practice Hinduism
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Hindu Basics
• Often considered the oldest religion in the world.– Has no founder
• Sanskrit is the ancient language of Hinduism.
• Hindu comes from the Persian word for the people living on the other side of the Indus River.
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VedasThe ancient scriptures of Hinduism. A collectionof hymns, prayers, rituals, chants, etc… They are not the only sacred writings of Hinduism.
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Concepts of god
• Most Hindu believe in a single god of the highest form.
• Brahman
• God is everywhere, is everything, and is beyond everything. – god represents the very
fabric of reality.
• People are thus part of Brahman as well.
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Ishvara
• The personal aspects of God.
• Applying human traits to god to better communicate.
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Brahma
• “Creator god”
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Vishnu
• “preserver of the world”
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Shiva
• “destroyer or transformer”
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Nandi
• The vehicle of Shiva.
• Often seen at the entrance to shrines of Shiva.
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sacred animals
Hindus believe thatall living beings havea soul.
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Dharma
• Generally translated as “the law”.
• Varies according to caste or class.
• Also seen in Buddhism and Sikhism.
• How one should live their life.– Dharma determines karma
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Karma
• Cause and effect
• “a fluttering butterfly’s wings causing a storm on the other side of the world”
• Unbalance in karma will be worked out in the next life.
• Goodness begets goodness and evil begets evil.
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Samsara
Sanskrit word referring to the cycle of reincarnation.
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Moksha
• Release from the cycle of birth and rebirth.
• Realization of one’s union with god.
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Yoga
• Mental and physical meditative practices.
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Practices
• Shrines and temples
• Singing hymnals, reciting scriptures and chanting mantras.
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Bindi
• Help concentration and retain energy
• Protect against demons or bad luck
• Traditionally indicated that a woman was married
• Worn all over South and South East Asia– Not only Hindus
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Pilgrimages and festivals
• Holy cities in Hinduism– Allahabad, Varanasi
• Holi– Festival of Colors
• Diwali – Festival of Lights– Return of Lord Raama after
defeating the demon king Ravana – ruler of Lanka
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Ganges River
• Varanasi is considered by some to be the holiest site in Hinduism. – On the banks of the
Ganges R.
• Some believe they must bathe in it once in a lifetime– Cleanse a persons soul
from sins– Heal the sick
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Traditional Caste System in
South Asia
The caste system is a type of SOCIAL ORDERin which a person’s occupation and position in life is determined by the circumstances of his/her birth.
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Brahmans Kshatriyas
Vaisyas Sudras
4 Original Levels of theCaste System
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Brahmans
Kshatriyas
Vaisyas
Sudras
Showing theoriginal castelevels in the pyramidshape symbolizes “status”from highest to lowest, but also representsthe the portion of the populationfitting into each level.
Untouchables are NOT a part of the caste system.
Largest %of population
**Remember thatthis social orderis not basedon how much$$ you have
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Brahmans: priests/ scholars
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Kshatriyas: warriors
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Vaisyas: farmers and merchants
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sudras(artisans and laborers)
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Untouchables (dalits)
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Sudras: laborers
Brahmins: Religious leaders & scholars
Vaisyas: Merchants & farmers (most Woods families here)
Kshatriyas: Military leaders and politicians.
Comparisons in the “West”
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Be the change you wish to see in the world.
-Mohandas GandhiGandhi was assassinated by a Hindu extremist in 1948. He diedat the age of 79.