Hinduism Chapter 3. The Quest for Discovering Hinduism begins…
Hinduism
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Transcript of Hinduism
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Hinduism
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Hinduism• No Historical Founder• Started in India• Based in the Vedas• Initial focus on sacrifices
• Later on devotion to a god• A lot of diversity
• Wide variety of beliefs and practices
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Eastern vs. Western• No specific beginning• No single deity (god) that is responsible for
creation• Sacred Texts
• No identified author• No identified origin
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The Vedas• Wide variety of literature
• Instructions for sacrifice• Offered by priests to various gods.• Understood to result in children,
wealth or the attainment of heaven• Creation stories• Philosophical teachings
• No authors• Said to exist eternally• Said to be source of creation
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Other Sacred Texts• Ramayana
• Focuses on Vishnu• Mahabharata
• Focuses on Krishna• Bhagavad Gita
• Dharma• Modern focus on these texts rather than
the vedas.
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Hindu Gods• Described in various creation stories• Most Hindus are henotheistic
• Worship one god, but don’t deny existence of others
• Deities appear in different forms with similar characteristics
• Primary deities often selected based on family belief or region of India
• Primary deities include:• Shiva• Vishnu• Devi
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Hindu Gods• Often other deities worshipped
• Examples include• Hanuman• Ganesha
• Some offerings at set times• Completed by professional priests
• Puja• Prayer• Chanting• Offerings
• Fruit, Rice, Clothing
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Other Beliefs• Reincarnation
• Moksha• Karma• Atman• Samsara• Dharma
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Holi
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Diwali
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Sacred Places• India
• Locations such as Mountains and Rivers associated with gods.
• Temples• Located throughout the world
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Current State of Affairs• Castes
• Social ladder• Born into a caste• Affects many aspects of life
• Rural vs Urban areas
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Confucianism
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ConfuciusBorn in 551 B.C.died in 479 B.C.
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ConfucianismConcerned primarily with restoring
social stability and order What is the basis of a stable, unified,
and enduring social order?a system of social and ethical
philosophy “only when character is cultivated are
our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed.”
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Confucianismli
rituals, norms, institutions, or mores the outer, conforming aspect of
Confucianismren
humaneness, love, kindness, benevolence, or virtue
the inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism
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Li
Rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner
performed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role
universal harmonyno need for physical sanctions, laws,
or punishment
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Ren
Relationship between "two persons”extension of filial piety to all human
beingseach role in the hierarchy of social
relations had clearly defined duties reciprocity or mutual responsibility
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Five relationshipsfather-childruler-subjecthusband-wifeelder brother-younger brotherfriend-friend
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ConfucianismPersecuted in Qin Dynasty
221 B.C. - 206 B.C.promoted by later rulers
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Confucianismreinforced by the civil examination
system “keju”: civil examination from 605 to 1905