Project Report

Emily Keller

Jenni Toriseva

James McIntyre

Marcel Penz

1. Project focus 11

2. The service in a nutshell 13

3. Citizen Science – core of the service 15

3.1. Related Citizen Science projects 173.2. Positioning within Citizen Science 183.3. Diff erent levels of commitment 19

4. Target group of the service 21

5. Introducing the Science Communication Offi cer 23

6. The HikeLab journey 25

6.1. Digital introduction: the website 256.2. Intrigue at site 306.3. Inspire through stories 316.4. HikeLab science kit – Involve! 326.5. Booklet 366.6. Map 386.7. App 406.8. Drop-off stations 436.9. Back home 43

7. What’s in it for everybody 45

8. Next steps 47

8.1. Blueprint 478.2. Experiment design 478.3. Scalability 47

9. References 51

Table of Contents

1. Project focus 11

2. The service in a nutshell 13

3. Citizen Science – core of the service 15

3.1. Related Citizen Science projects 173.2. Positioning within Citizen Science 183.3. Diff erent levels of commitment 19

4. Target group of the service 21

5. Introducing the Science Communication Offi cer 23

6. The HikeLab journey 25

6.1. Digital introduction: the website 256.2. Intrigue at site 306.3. Inspire through stories 316.4. HikeLab science kit – Involve! 326.5. Booklet 366.6. Map 386.7. App 406.8. Drop-off stations 436.9. Back home 43

7. What’s in it for everybody 45

8. Next steps 47

8.1. Blueprint 478.2. Experiment design 478.3. Scalability 47

9. References 51

11

1. Project focusThe Climate Impact Research Centre (CIRC) in Abisko is currently loo-king for ways to introduce their activities to members of the broa-der public, or more specifically, to visitors coming to the Abisko National Park for tourism.

The increasing demand on information service from the general public nods towards the need of building a service system around communi-cating diff erent aspects if CIRC. We have limi-ted our scope of work to focus on visitors that come to Abisko with the intention of hiking in the park. No or very little knowledge about the fi eld should be required.

To create a sustainable service we think conti-nuous input from researchers is invaluable to keep the service alive, interesting and relevant. Since researchers have limited time to enga-ge with visitors the service has to be integra-ted into the existing context and researchers’ needs. Therefore we introduce HikeLab, a Ci-tizen Science platform for outreach that aims to nudge scientists to reach out and fi nd new research opportunities. New applications for funded projects can then make use of data, gathered by the general public.

Another goal is to help visitors form or rekind-le interest in the natural sciences and the envi-ronment, while engaging in research on climate

impact in the arctic circle. With this service we hope to broaden the visitors’ perspective on environmental issues while off ering them a sense of agency in climate change mitigation eff orts.

Primary challenges

Building the service framework has faced two major challenges; fi rstly the service should rein-troduce natural sciences in an engaging man-ner to people that have had no contact with them since upper secondary school. A second challenge has been imposed by the resear-chers’ academically restricted availability for personal contact with visitors.

entre loo-

their e broa-cally,

Abisko .

tion service ds the need d communi-

have limi-sitors that

hiking in out the

To create a sustainable service we think conti-nuous input from researchers is invaluable to keep the service alive, interesting and relevant. Since researchers have limited time to enga-ge with visitors the service has to be integra-ted into the existing context and researchers’ needs. Therefore we introduce HikeLab, a Ci-tizen Science platform for outreach that aims to nudge scientists to reach out and fi nd new research opportunities. New applications for funded projects can then make use of data, gathered by the general public.

Another goal is to help visitors form or rekind-le interest in the natural sciences and the envi-ronment, while engaging in research on climate

impact in the arctic circle. we hope to broaden the visiton environmental issues while osense of agency in climate chaeff orts.

Primary challenge

Building the service framework hmajor challenges; fi rstly the servictroduce natural sciences in an ener to people that have had nothem since upper secondary scchallenge has been imposedchers’ academically restrictepersonal contact with visito

13

2. The service in a nutshell HikeLab provides hikers with activi-ties on different levels of engage-ment, where they collect data rele-vant to ongoing research projects while hiking in Abisko.

Outside of Abisko, the main touch point of the service will be an online platform:

• for hikers to plan hikes and to follow up on research that uses data collected by hikers• for researchers to request and set up data collection projects and access overall accu-mulated data

A physical touchpoint is the HikeLab base in Abisko, where hikers are introduced to HikeLab by a science communication offi cer, whose role is to help hikers fi nd the right trails in respect to their abilities and interests. Each trail is compo-sed by a set of unique data tracking spots. The tools for data gathering are part of the HikeLab kit that the science communication offi cer will distribute to the hikers according to the chosen trail. The offi cer also connects with researchers to develop new activities for hikers.

The HikeLab science kit is a bag that contains maps, sensors and a booklet specifi c for a

chosen hiking trail. It supports hikers along the way and complements a smartphone applica-tion for data gathering and physical installa-tions such as fl ag posts and photo platforms that mark points of activity. For diff erent sam-ple materials and sensors, the science commu-nication offi cer will give a short tutorial before handing it over to hikers.

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3. Citizen Science – core of the serviceCitizen Science is involving non-professionals in scientific work and can complement traditional projects in academia.

According to the Green Paper on Citizen Sci-ence (Socientize, 2013) Citizen Science refers to the general public engagement in scientifi c research activities when citizens actively con-tribute to science either with their intellectual eff ort or surrounding knowledge or with their tools and resources.

The following principles of Citizen Science show its suitability in the context of CIRC’s out-reach eff orts:

1. The general public can be a valuable re-source in research projectsThis is relevant to Abisko, since our research showed that sampling spots that are further away from the research station are resource consuming (since researchers have to visit the site). Expensive sampling equipment that is installed in remote locations can break after a few months due to the harsh weather conditions. Instead, simple monito-ring or sampling tasks can be conducted by laymen in pre-selected sites.

2. Novel sensor technology is cheap and mobile With technology becoming more portable and lightweight, professional monitoring

equipment could be carried by hikers. Even mobile phones can be used to collect scien-tifi c data by attaching sensors to them.

3. Outreach can lead to new funding opportunitiesBy gathering and later analysing long term data along a trail, new areas research could be potentially found. This leads to more fun-ding opportunities. Abisko is an ideal place for conducting research on changes in the subarctic environment since there are many accessible routes along gradients within a small area that behave and change in a si-milar way as big tracts of land. Opening a base for Citizen Science makes it possible to study diff erent gradients at the same time.

Principles to satisfy scienti-

fi c standards according to

Silvertown (2009)

• data must be verifi ed

• standardised methods

must be used

• assumptions about data

and research design must

be made explicit

• hypothesis should prece-

de a Citizen Science activity

• feedback (on contributi-

on) should be provided

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Geocaching is an outdoor

recreational activity, in

which participants use a

Global Positioning System

(GPS) receiver or mobile

device and other naviga-

tional techniques to hide

and seek containers, called

„geocaches“ or „caches“,

anywhere in the world

(source: Wikipedia).

Our concept touches mainly three service areas:

• Citizen Science – which bridges the communication gap between visitors and scientists• Geo and Science Caching – where we lend pervasive methods to creating an engaging service for hikers• Self-guided Group Safaris – as a principle for resource friendly adventures

Geocaching as a self-guided outdoor activi-ty should motivate hikers to fi nd even remote spots while adding a playful layer to HikeLab. By presenting who had found which caches leaderboards can be displayed on the web, that are a powerful tool used in the context of gamifi cation.

Self-guided group safaris inspired us to enab-le a certain amount of liberty in the HikeLab service for hikers. Both the trail and the time can be set by hikers themselves. This is in line with hikers’ goals of independence on their trip. However, small groups of people are re-commended, both for safety reasons and to increase learning through group discussions. Additionally, providing non-guided tours are more sustainable when it comes to service costs. Like various self-guided group safaris (e.g. Fraser’s on rainbow beach, 2014), HikeLab provides an introduction (where trails and tools are explained) and a debriefi ng session, whe-re hikers can hand in the data gathered, share their experience or prepare for the next hike. Our research also shows that although hikers enjoy the possibility of choice, this should be limited. For instance, hikers preferred to be told which location to go next, instead of choosing one by themselves.

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3.1. Related Citizen Science projects

Current Citizen Science projects have been undertaken with varying levels of success, and with varying approaches to citizen engage-ment. Silvertown (2009) identifi es three main types of Citizen Science methods. These being; Hypothesis-Driven Research, Volunteer Map-ping and Monitoring, and Tools, Guidance and resources.

Hypothesis-driven research

The hypothesis driven approach to citizen sci-ence involves using the community to gather evidence to test a specifi c hypothesis defi ned by the project. An example of this method is the Evolution

Megalab, which was a Citizen Science project undertaken in 2009. This project is of interest as the initial motivation for the project was not for pure research, but it was planned so that genuine scientifi c value would grow from the project. The project looked at the evolution of Banded Snails in 14 countries by comparing his-toric evidence with present day evidence. This was able to identify the infl uence of Climate Change on the species.

Volunteer mapping and monitoring

Use of volunteers for the acquisition and repor-tage of data is one of the main ways in which Citizen Science is manifested.The earliest citizen science projects focused on self reporting of observational data. The Audo-bon Society has undertaken a Christmas bird count dating back to 1900. This project conti-nues to the present day, and the value comes in the large amount of data that is now able to be accessed by the scientifi c community. Another early example of this type of

observational based Citizen Science project is the American Association of Variable Star Ob-servers. This project began in 1911 and also con-tinues to the present day. The AAVSO has now collected over 20 million observations and in 2009 they were awarded a 3 year, $800,000 grant to run Citizen Sky, which was a collabora-tion project between professional and amateur astronomers. This type of volunteer monitoring is one of the key touch points for the Hikelab Citizen Science concept. In speaking to members of the scien-tifi c community it was clear that this type of monitoring would create an incredibly rich data set in the investigation of Climate Impacts in the region.

Tools, guidance and resources

With the increase of technologies for measu-rement and communication, there has been a dramatic rise in Citizen Science projects. This has seen the creation of tools and resources

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that make it easy for people to take part. Bugguide.net is an example of how new tech-nologies and communication techniques can allow for engagement between the scientifi c community and interested citizen. The platform is an online community where amateur natura-lists collect observations of arthropods, which professional researchers can then analyze. This approach is quite interesting and it is one pos-sible technique of engagement that emerged through the Hikelab project. One great resource for developing citizen sci-ence projects has been created by the Cornell Ornithology Lab. Their Citizen Science Tool-kit (http://www.birds.cornell.edu/citscitoolkit/toolkit) provides resources for researchers and educators looking to create their own citizen science projects. It includes step by step inst-ructions, resources and case studies for the de-velopment of Citizen Science programs.

3.2. Positio-ning within Citizen Science There are a few ways to categorize a Citizen Science project. We looked at (1.) general ca-tegorization (Rotman et al., 2012), (2.) commit-ment for the hiker (Clarke 2013), (3.) tasks that hikers potentially can absolve (Rotman, 2012) and (4.) goals for scientists. A general categorization of Citizen Science projects is provided by Rotman et al. (2012) where a distinction is made between contribu-tory, collaborative and co-created projects. The lowest level of involvement is used when

citizen scientists are asked only to contribute data. Volunteers that aid in project design can be seen as medium to high level involvement whereas the highest level of involvement cate-gorizes projects using a co-creating approach. In co-created projects scientists and volunteers work together throughout the project, from de-veloping research questions until data analysis. In our project HikeLab we suggest a contribu-tory approach. Whilst higher levels of involve-ment are suitable for very specialized projects such as birdwatching, where volunteers have already some knowledge in the fi eld, HikeLab focuses on Citizen Science beginners where little to no knowledge in ecology is needed.

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3.3. Different levels of commitmentIn her TED talk (2013) Chandra Clarke talks about diff erent levels of commitment for participation.

From low to high these involve simple money donation, set and forget actions (CPU pow-er sharing (see climateprediction.net/), web-based games, app-based projects and higher levels such as getting outside in nature to ob-serve or sample. The tasks that can be done within a Citizen Sci-ence project can range from observations over collecting and analysing samples to (co-)crea-ting content. Since our envisioned users are not trained in the fi eld, observations and basic data

collection are better suited for our audience.

In literature the diff erent goals are described to be either hypothesis driven, focussing on general mapping (building a data set) or ge-neral learning (science literacy) (Rotman et al., 2012). In Abisko we think the most valuab-le goal would be to create a general mapping of data in the area. A large number of tourists follow the same routes on their hike allowing data gathering in diff erent times and weather conditions. New hiking trails to obtain similar data could be created. However, we also want to provide the researchers with the possibility to explore a specifi c hypothesis, which could be designed as “special interest tours” as part of our platform led by the respective resear-cher. In that sense we hope that Citizen Science could help both, creating new opportunities for research (because of hypothesis generated from general data mapping) and to answer existing questions and backup experiments with additional data.

Diff erent levels of engagement require a fl exi-ble designed service. With HikeLab we sup-port 3 diff erent scenarios starting with people that are curious but have limited time to expe-rienced nature lovers that want to engage in climate impact research.

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In order to serve both visitors and scientists we created two models of people, ‘personas’, engaged in the service.

Identifying the context they are in and the goals that they have provides a shared vision on who this service will be developed for. We based the following stories on interviews with tourists and researchers, as well as students. Since our main research was done during the winter we suggest further investigation on motivations

of hikers during the summer time. In order to bring those two characters to life, we will de-scribe the lives of Anders and Daniela in the following paragraphs.

Anders is 32 years old and currently lives in Gö-teborg. He enjoys nature and takes a few days off every summer and autumn to travel within Sweden and the bordering countries to disco-ver new places. For his trips he is well prepared and buys new equipment and gadgets for each trip. He occasionally spends nights in a tent but

4. Target group of the service

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prefers renting a hut which feels more conve-nient for him. Anders appreciates nature but doesn’t know too much about the area he tra-vels through. However, he is always curious and sometimes asks locals about what makes each region special. Most of the time friends will ac-company him on his trip. His main goal is to en-joy wilderness but to stay on safe routes all the time. He is interested in nature but doesn’t have enough motivation to inform himself when still at home.

Fig. 4.1. Jakob, the hiker type

Fig. 4.2. Daniela, the scientist

Daniela is 38-year-old climate change impact researcher. She spends half of the year in Nor-way but visits Abisko every summer for a few weeks to work with data she is collecting there. She is not working for CIRC but collaborates with researchers on diff erent projects. A con-stant goal for her is to get funding for new re-search projects in the arctic circle. Her expecta-tions for HikeLab in order to engage in projects would be that the data gathered are a valid re-source to support her research and therefore a tool to help her apply for funding.

When developing those two personas it be-came apparent to us that because of their dif-ferent goals they will not be likely to interact within our envisioned service. The role of main-taining the service and communicating with both hikers and scientists has to be a separate one.

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The science communication of-ficer plays a key role in HikeLab. The role is meant to support both hikers and scientists.

For researchers, her/his role is to support sha-ping projects together with scientists in a way so that they can be translated into activities for hikers. She/he will process the data gathe-red by hikers and forward it to researchers. An experienced science communication offi cer should also work as a consultant together with external researchers to help integrate Citizen Science into research design to increase the chance of getting funded projects.

For hikers, she/he will be the “face of CIRC” and a representative of the scientifi c commu-nity. She/ he will perform our core strategies to get hikers engaged.

The communication offi cer will work at a cen-tral spot that is accessible for all visitors. We suggest a collaboration with Naturum, since the location seems to be ideal for a “HikeLab Headquarters”. She/he will introduce the ser-vice to the hikers. Hikers will fi nd the trail that matches their skills and general interests, such as change in local fl ora or fauna. Furthermore, the communication offi cer introduces the visi-tors to a toolkit containing respective sensors

(e.g. for air quality, temperature, humidity, etc.), water sampling tubes or similar equipment. After the trip, when the hikers return with the data, the offi cer makes the information availab-le for scientists. Later, the employee is respon-sible for maintaining leaderboards online, and sending out follow up information on how the data is used to keep the hiker in the loop. It is vital that the person in this role is passionate about science, motivated and outgoing to ins-pire visitors.

5. Introducing the Science Communication Officer

Fig. 5.1. Jacob, the Science

Communication Offi cer

24

Fig. 5.2. Fig. 5.2.

25

6.1. Digital introduction: the website

The website should be an important part on diff erent stages during the journey. Key func-tionalities and informations presented are:

For researchers• Request new project (see fi g. 6.2-6.5)• Get open data (provide data gathered by citizen scientists in an open data catalogue)

For hikers• Planning a trip (see fi g. 6.6-6.9)• What do I learn?• What is CIRC?• How did others contribute?• Leaderboards• Validate data (playful way to validate data by simple image comparison)• See published work (publications and on-going scientifi c work with a connection to HikeLab/ Citizen Science)

Fig. 6.1. Example web page for hikers. Diff erent sections are

color coded. Pages for hikers are green, those interesting for

scientists are dark blue.

6. The HikeLab journeyWhere do we get to know

about HikeLab?

Within the small but very

international tourist com-

munity one powerful tool

to get to know about the

service is word of mouth.

Additionally, there is more

information on the website.

26

Fig. 6.2. Website for scientists: Request a Citizen Science project: 1) Pick an area of research Fig. 6.3. Website for scientists: Request a Citizen Science project: 2) Select monitoring level

27

Fig. 6.4. Website for scientists: Request a Citizen Science project: 3) Project proposal Fig. 6.5. Website for scientists: Request a Citizen Science project: 4) Sign up

28

Fig. 6.6. Website for hikers: Plan a trip: 1) Select a time Fig. 6.7. Website for hikers: Plan a trip: 2) Defi ne the experience

29

Fig. 6.8. Website for hikers: Plan a trip: 3) Select level of involvment Fig. 6.9. Website for hikers: Plan a trip: 4) Finalize trip and sign up

30

6.2. Intrigue at siteDistributed over a larger area of Abisko and its surroundings we envision “evidence of change installations”. These should make the visitor cu-rious and refer to the HikeLab base for further information. When a hiker visits Abisko, he might not know about HikeLab. Walking on the King’s trail, he might stumble upon one of the installations mentioned. The billboard-like dis-play is integrated into the landscape seamlessly by presenting a continuation of the landscape from a specifi c viewpoint. However the image displayed shows the same spot in a diff erent time and makes the change in the landscape apparent. With only little additional informati-on the tourists should be intrigued to fi nd out more (see fi g 6.10.).

Fig. 6.10. Evidence of change installation showing the impact of change in climate on the

tree line.

Strategies to get hikers

engaged:

• Intrigue

• Inspire

• Involve

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6.3. Inspire through storiesAfter getting curious the group of hikers might end up visiting our science communication offi cer at the HikeLab base. She/he tells the visitors exciting stories about the area and supports them in selecting a route. During the discussions key points will be:

• How long do you want to spend outdoors?• If you want to stay over night, do you in-tend to sleep in a tent?• What are you interested in?• How experienced are you in hiking?• How often do you want to sample during your trip?

These and other questions will determine the level of engagement and in turn the science kit the hikers will take with them on their trip. The visitors should be inspired and motivated to learn about nature and track climate data by themselves.

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6.4. HikeLab science kit – Involve!Each kit consists of at least of a map that shows the chosen trail, and a booklet that gives gene-ral information about CIRC, Citizen Science, and the local environment. The booklet also serves as a logbook for capturing measured data. Al-ternatively, the hiker can download the HikeLab app online. The app will make the transfer of collected data much easier and quicker for the Communication offi cer, but a physical logbook option should be kept for those who choose not to use a mobile phone during their hike (more information about the app further below).

Three levels of engagementDepending the discussions the group of tou-rists will have at the HikeLab base, they will de-cide on how much they want to be engaged in

gathering data during the hike. A kit packed for a specifi c level of engagement should contain all the equipment that the lower level(s) con-tain, and more, the higher the level gets.

Level 1: Passive monitoring(Low level of engagement)

As part of the science kit, the hikers will get a passive sensor that tracks data without further need of interaction. Talking to researchers in Abisko showed us, that a weather sensor, taken along a gradient in the mountains could help mapping out long-term changes in diff erent areas. Compact, mobile sensors are already on the market that can track temperature, humi-dity, CO and NO2 (see www.smartcitizen.me). We propose that combining this with a GPS receiver will allow monitoring on a larger sca-le in the sub-arctic environment. This form of Citizen Science is ideal for people who want to contribute, but don’t have time or enough knowledge or feel insecure in gathering data without help.

Fig. 6.12. Prototype for a passive weather sensor

Fig. 6.11. The mobile wea-

ther sensor from smartci-

tizen can track diff erent

values such as humidity, CO,

NO2 and brightness

34

Level 2: Active photomonitoring(Intermediate level of engagement)

For this stage we suggest the use of camera. We assume that the tourists either have a ca-mera or download the smartphone app. The maps in this science kit show the position of diff erent photo platforms along the trail. The visitors are asked to take pictures aligning their camera according to the signs on the plat-form. This will allow monitoring long term - and seasonal changes in topography. Also the pas-sive sensor mentioned in level 1 will be included here.

Fig. 6.13. Photo platform

During our research we

found a similar project

recently launched, where

the general public is asked

to take pictures of an area

with their smartphone

to study fi re recovery

(see http://blogs.kqed.

org/science/2014/04/24/

hikers-use-smartphones-to-

capture-fi re-recovery-on-

mt-diablo/)

35

Level 3: Active photo monitoring with Intelli-gent Measuring Devices(High level of engagement)

We envision this kit being equipped with ad-vanced sensors and sampling equipment. This level of engagement requires training sessions for hikers. Before they start their tour the sci-ence communication offi cer will act as a tutor and introduce sampling techniques and impor-tant steps in the data collection process. One possible sampling kit could be water sampling tubes or below ground temperature sensors. When a reading is made by the IMD the location (a number of the pitstop marked on-site) and reading is then manually written down in the logbook. Alternatively, if the app is used, the hiker only needs to take a photo of the reading, while the application will automatically mark the GPS location of the sampling point. Ideally, the passive weather sensor would connect with

intelligent equipment and track the GPS signal for each sampling spot.

The passive sensor and photo monitoring are included here as well.

Fig. 6.14. Sampling equipment Fig. 6.15. Advanced Sensors

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6.5. BookletAs described above, the booklet gives additio-nal information about the environment and Hi-keLab as a service. It presents the diff erent ci-tizen science activities (e.g. photo monitoring, water sampling, what information is gathered by the sensors) and explains the science be-hind the diff erent experiments in a simplifi ed way. Diff erent topics such as weather, water, fl ora, fauna are categorized in diff erent tabs. The lower part of the booklet is separated by a perforated line. It contains form-like fi elds on respective experiment/data pages. After the hike the tourists are asked to hand in their data either at the HikeLab base or at one of the drop-off stations (see below). For reasons of validation it will contain personal information like name and email address. The hiker has the option of choosing to use the app instead of the booklet. Fig. 6.16. Booklet for information about the route and as a analog logbook complementary to the smartphone app

37

Fig. 6.17. Example

pages of the booklet.

Top left: Cover with

text fi elds to fi ll in

user data. Bottom

left: Example text

page. Right: Example

sampling page that

describes the samp-

lin process in an easy

way, provides inte-

resting background

information and has

a data section at the

bottom.

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38

6.6. MapEach science kit contains a map with routes, di-stance, recommended campsites and points of interests (fl ag posts and photo platforms). Du-ring a workshop we created a draft route that could be interesting for gathering data. This route assumes a 4-day hike where diff erent sets of data can be tracked (e.g. water samples, weather monitoring, ...). Each pitstop is desig-ned to be reached in their right order, so that the time and length of the trek correspond to the pre-given estimates. Research also shows that hikers prefer a pre-set order, as opposed to having to spend time fi guring out where to go next.

Fig. 6.18. In a workshop we were co-creating potential routes that might be interesting for both hikers and scientists which

led us to a fi rst draft of a map (see fi g. 6.21.)

39Fig. 6.19. Possible routes for hikers with sampling spots.

40

6.7. AppIn order to make data processing easy we sug-gest creating an smartphone app. Since nati-ve applications can access diff erent sensors of the phone (camera, GPS, accelerometer and gyroscope) we recommend a stand-alone ap-plication that supports data collection. Data from the phone should be synchronized with the HikeLab system as soon as there is Wifi -connection. During the trip, when a user e.g. takes a picture of the treeline, instant feedback in form of short information snippets should be provided.

Core functionalities provided by the app are:• accessing camera • determining position (GPS)• overview of pit stops• synchronizing pictures with timestamp and GPS information to HikeLab

The hiker can also use the app to keep count of their overall Citizen Science activities. The app will hold a list of all the trails that have been ac-complished by the hiker, stating their diffi culty levels and lengths.

The app can also be used to complement a lar-ger HikeLab community. The hiker can use it to store photos in albums according to a to-pic chosen by themselves, either for their own collection purposes, or to be uploaded later on to the community website to ask for further information about the elements depicted. This could be a photo-based learning system to help hikers recognize and learn about diff erent plants, animals, and natural phenomena with the help of the HikeLab online community.

41

Fig. 6.20. Left: Hikers can use the app to help track their Ci-

tizen Science -hiking activities. A personal account created

for the app can also be used in the online HikeLab website,

where a Citizen Science hiking community can gather to

exchange information.

Fig. 6.21. Middle: The app allows the hiker to keep track of

all the trails that the hiker has accomplished. Each trail is

presented with its level of diffi culty, level of involvement,

length and date of completion. This function could even be

gamifi ed; hikers could compare and compete with the trails

that they have completed with others.

Fig. 6.22. Right: The app will also host a map, which the

hiker can use to track how far in the trail she or he is. The

map will also tell where and how far the next pitstop is.

Competitive hikers may also use the option to track their

speed between pitstops, which can later be compared on an

online forum with others.

42

Fig. 6.23. Top: Since photo monitoring will be the primary

purpose of this app, the hiker has a quick and easy access

to the photo taking -function, which will be the fi rst function

to appear when the app is opened (if logged in). The photos

will be taken either of device readings or landscape. The

phone will know the location and will automatically know

whether a device reading or a landscape photo will be ta-

ken. If a landscape photo is needed, the app will display two

circles that need to be matched, in order to get the right

angle of the topography.

Fig. 6.24. Left: All photos will be then be allocated to their

own folders, which can be accessed later. The hiker can also

make folders of his or her own, and start a photo collection

according their own interest, e.g. plants, animals, rocks. Each

photo will have a geo-tag of the location it was taken at.

The hiker can even help collect species with a larger online

community, to map the occurrences of a particular species

or phenomenon.

Fig. 6.25. Right: As an award, the hiker receives a message

after a photo has been taken at a designated location. The

message would provide the hiker with information about the

studies that are carried out by CIRC at this particular loca-

tion, and what the photo taken will tell the researchers.

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43

6.8. Drop-off stationsSince hikers might not return to the HikeLab base in Abisko we envision chest-like boxes along important routes such as the King’s trail. Visitors should be able to hand in the data-section of their booklets, and return cheaper sensors. Information about the person that rented the equipment should be connected to both booklet and sensors. A solution for more expensive equipment could be to require re-turning it at the HikeLab base, or have another returning station on the King’s trail.

Fig. 6.26. Sketch of a drop-off station stationed ad diff erent

spots around Abisko

6.9. Back homeTo keep hikers in the loop and to support word of mouth marketing shortly after validating the data a reminder-email should be sent to the participants. It should emphasize the impor-tance of their contribution and suggest logging on to the website, to see their position on the leaderboard and update themselves on the re-search progress connected to the experiment they participated in. Additional emails are sent out, when papers are published that make use of data collected by the respective hiker.

45

Hikers

• Gain knowledge about Science through participation• Get inspired to learn more

CIRC

• Create a densely monitored environment through passive monitoring• Hands off approach requires minimal face to face contact with tourists

Scientists

• Can choose areas to be explored by hikers• Reduce costs of large scale data collection•

7. What’s in it for everybody

47

8.1. BlueprintFor the next steps of this project we provide a service blueprint for HikeLab. This working document should be printed out and should support in a next discussion between various stakeholders (see supplementary material).

8.2. Experiment designDesigning initial experiments that make use of Citizen Science might not be an easy task and should take place in a collaborative discussion. A fi rst set of activities could help building a ge-neral data set of the area. However also projects should be considered that promise mid-term or short-term results. This will ensure that the hi-ker sees the impact of her/his contribution.

8.3. ScalabilitySince HikeLab is designed in a modular way (see diff erent levels of engagement), scalability is highly supported. Website, science kits and smartphone app should be designed in a way to communicate this fact.

8. Next steps

Clarke, C., 2014 (2014, March 17), TEDx: You Can Do Science Too! [Video fi le]: Re-trieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7XOcB6_TWw#t=126

Fraser’s on rainbow beach, 2014. http://boo-kings.frasersonrainbow.com/holidays/frasers-rainbow-3-day2-night-fraser-island-tag-along-self-drive-safari-all-inclusive-3

Rotman D. et al., 2012. Dynamic changes in motivation in collaborative citizen-science pro-jects. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 confe-rence on Computer Supported Cooperative Work(CSCW ‚12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 217-226.

Silvertown J., 2009. A new dawn for citizen scienceJonathan Silvertown. Trends in Ecology \& Evo-lution 24(9):467--471

Socientize, 2013. Socientize Project (2013-12-01) (2013). Green Paper on Citizen Science: Citizen Science for Europe - Towards a better society of empowered citizens and enhanced research. Socientize consortium.

9. References