Highway Risk Mitigation through Systems Engineering

Department of EMISSMU School of Engineering

Leadership in Engineering

Highway Risk Mitigation through Systems Engineering

2Department of EMIS

SMU School of Engineering


• Critical Infrastructure (CI)

• System

• Transportation CI

• System of Systems (SoS)

• Major Cities

• City Boundary

• Network

Terms and Definitions

3Department of EMIS



• Movement of Goods

• Trucks

• Peak Traffic

• Normal Traffic

• Other Traffic

• Days of Operation


4Department of EMIS



• Node

• Arc Link

• Disconnect

• Shortest Path

• Steady State

• Snapshot of System


• Highway

• Defined Links

• Worst Link

• Best Link

5Department of EMIS



Objective

• The objective of this dissertation is to develop a methodology, using a SE approach, and apply the methodology to a mathematical model, using performance metrics such as travel time and flow, to simulate the impacts K Links disconnects have on highway networks of major metropolitan cities for risk mitigation and resource allocation

6Department of EMIS



Brief Literature Review

• SE– Osmundson et al, The Journal of The International Council on Systems

Engineering (INCOSE), 2004

– Tahan et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005

– Bahill et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005

– Blanchard et al, “Stems Engineering and Analysis”, 1990

– INCOSE, “Systems Engineering Handbook”, 2004

– Hazelrigg, “Sys. Eng.: An Approach to Information-Based Design” 1996

– Miller et al, “Systems Engineering Management”, 2002

– Stock et al, “Strategic Logistics Management”, 1993

– Ibarra et al, Conference for Systems Engineering, 2005

– Blanchard, “Logistics Engineering and Management”, 2004

– US Department of Homeland Security, “Budget in Brief, Fiscal Year 2005”

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Brief Literature Review

• Modeling– Osmundson et al, The Journal of The International Council on Systems

Engineering (INCOSE), 2004

– Bahill et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005

– Sathe et al, Transportation Research Board, 2005

– Jain et al, Transportation Science, 1997

– Arroyo et al, Transportation Research Board, 2005

– Rardin, “Optimizations in Operations Research”, 1998

– Rinaldi et al, IEEE Control System Magazine, 2001

– Murray-Tuite, Dissertation, 2003

– Yan et al, IEEE/ACM, 2000

– Orda et al, IEEE/AMC, 2003

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Research Significance

• Contribution: This dissertation provides officials a decision-making methodology and tool for resource allocation and risk mitigation– Metrics that measure the performance of the

network given disconnects occurring– Ranking of K Links affecting the network the most

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OutputPerformance:•Travel Time/Throughput

I35W I35E I45

I35W I35E Hwy 75

I20

I30

I20

InputSingle Disconnect; 1/0

Variables•Temporal Time of Day: I =1, 2, 3 (peak, norm, other)•Links: l =(i,j), [(i+1), (j+1)],…, (i+n, j+n)

L1 L2 L3

L8 L7 L6

L5

L4

L9

Information Flow

I=1

I=1

Network


10Department of EMIS



0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

System

System 412.2 268.0 479.6 383.8 402.5

Link a Link b Link c Link d Link e

DefinedLinks Link a Link b Link c Link d Link eLink 1 17.2 25.1 35.0 72.0 19.1Link 2 74.0 36.3 93.4 19.8 15.6Link 3 22.2 17.4 28.8 0.5 97.4Link 4 37.1 74.2 32.0 29.7 28.0Link 5 90.7 9.3 95.5 98.1 60.7Link 6 28.9 32.9 82.7 61.7 54.8Link 7 75.1 23.1 1.2 14.9 13.2Link 8 43.1 33.8 64.5 18.4 60.3Link 9 23.9 16.0 46.4 68.9 53.4System 412.2 268.0 479.6 383.8 402.5

Links in Network

Example of Model: Performance for a General Metric

OUTPUTS

Sum of Performance

, …,





0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

500.0

(2, 11) (1, 11) (2, 12) (3, 14) (1, 12) (4, 7) (5, 6) (3, 8) (4, 8) (2, 5) (3, 8) (1, 2) (3, 5) (2, 4) (4, 5) (5, 8)

Example of Model

Links

Perf

orm

ance

Worst

Best

OUTPUTS

0 is threshold

K Links = {2,11}, …, {1,12}affecting the TransportationCI the most






• Decision Making Methodology and Tool




The Systems Engineering Process

SystemRequirements

SystemSolution

Validate &Verify

Actual Model

System Objective

City Boundary

Section of City

Small Network Enumeration

SimulationProcessing Time

Functional Analysis

SimulationProcessing Time





• Defining the System – System of SystemsAgriculture

Water

Public Health

EmergencyServices

DefenseIndustrial

Base

Telecom.

EnergyTransportation

Government

Chemical andHazMat

Postal andShipping

Banking andFinance

FoodAgriculture

Water

Public Health

EmergencyServices

DefenseIndustrial

Base

Telecom.


Government

Chemical andHazMat

Postal andShipping

Banking andFinance

Food




AgricultureWater

Public Health

EmergencyServices

DefenseIndustrial

Base

Telecom


Government

Chemical andHazMat

Postal andShipping

Banking andFinance

Food





• Need Analysis

• Stakeholders• City• State and Federal• Business• Society





• Requirements– Mission Definition– Performance and Physical Parameters– Use Requirements




The Systems Engineering ProcessC

ompo

nent

s

• Transportation CI SoS

INPUT•Disconnects•Hrs of Op.

PROCESS•Mathematical model

Att

ribu

tes

•Flow•Distance

•Links •Nodes•Efficiency of model

RelationshipsMovement of Goods

Efficiently Finding K Links

Perf. of Defined

Links

OUTPUT•Performance

•Disconnects•Hours of operation





• Ground Rules and Assumptions – Highway– Major Cities– Steady State– Disconnect– Shortest Path– Snapshot of System





• Metrics– Performance of Network

• Travel Time

• Throughput





• Model– Most naive process

• Disconnect Link (Ai,j) subject to Time (tn)

• Simulate Network Performance

• Connect Link (Ai,j)

• Repeat until all links tested





• Model (Continued)– Objective

• Performance of Network based on Defined Links

– Constraints• Mathematical model of how the system responds to

changes in variables

– Variables• Time of Day

• Disconnected Links




Example of Model: Effects of Disconnect on Link (a,b)

Time, Flow

a i b c 3 41 3002 400a 700 0i 700b 700c 400 300

Flow = Veh / Hr 1,3 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,3} = 271,3 = {1,a a,b b,c c,3} = 201,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,4} = 261,4 = {1,a a,b b,c c,4} = 192,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,3} = 262,3 = {1,a a,b b,c c,3} = 192,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,4} = 252,4 = {1,a a,b b,c c,4} = 18

O D Matrix3 4

1 200 1002 200 200

1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 4004, 250

8, 450

6, 700

4, 400

3, 300

3, 450

Avg. T = 2.5Min/Veh

1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 400

8, 700

6, 700

4, 400

3, 300

3, 700

a i b c 3 41 3002 400a 450 250i 450b 700c 400 300

Flow = Veh / Hr




Example of Model1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 4006, 700

4, 400

3, 300

1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 400

8, 4503, 450

4, 700

1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 4006, 700

4, 400

3, 3004, 700

4, 250





Validation and Verification

• SE Approach– Integrations Process– Verify and Validate Requirements

• Model– Small Network– Enumeration– Efficiency of Model





Conclusion

• Transportation CI is important– To individuals’ way of life – To companies’ way of doing business

• Proposed a Methodology using a Mathematical Model to Determine Impact of K Links Disconnects have on the Defined Links of a Network for risk mitigation and resource allocation




Conclusion

• Research Significance– Society: A Methodology and Tool for Officials to

use in the Decision Making Process– Engineering: Systems Engineering Approach for

Solving Complex Systems

Highway Risk Mitigation through Systems Engineering

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