Higher Education in the Age of Globalization

Shigeharu KATODirector-General for International Affairs

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)

The 20th Tri-University Seminar and SymposiumOctober 28, 2013

Mie University, Japan

Contents• Context of Global Higher Education

– What is around us?– What we have to do?

• Internationalization of Japanese Higher Education– Challenge– Government Policy & Initiatives– Abe-Education

• Conclusion

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What surrounds us?• Globalization of economy, society

– Enterprise, civil society beyond border– Personal interaction beyond border– Regionalization of market (goods, services, labor)

• Knowledge-based economy, society – More accelerated, finely disciplined knowledge

production– Rapid technological change– Employment gap

• Sustainability issues– Climate change– Resources (energy, food, water, …)– Disaster, health, conflict, human right, …..

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What we have to do

• Equip students with – ability, attitude, aspiration to collaborate with

colleague from different cultural background to create value

– Art of lifelong learning

• Integrated mobilization of sciences for sustainability issues and ESD (Education for Sustainable Development)

• Involve stakeholders4

International Students in Japan

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Source: MEXT, JASSOYear

Total: 　 137,756 (as of May 1 2012)

543(0.4%)

926(0.7%)

2,435(1.8%)

127,178　　　　　　　　　　(92.3%)

1,112(0.8%)

1,106(0.8%)

4,456(3.2%)

Source: JASSO

Europe (incl. NIS)

Africa

Middle East

Asia

Pacific Ocean countries

North America

Central & South America

Inbound Students Mobility

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Japanese Students Studying Abroad

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I. Student Mobility in Japan

18,066

15,246 15,485

14,297 15,335

17,926 22,798

26,893 32,609

39,258

51,295 55,145

59,468 59,460

62,324 64,284

75,586 76,465 78,151

79,455

74,551

82,945

80,023

76,492 75,156

66,833

59,923

58,060　

13,961

14,938

15,564 18,570

20,689 23,633

23,806

24,508

23,988

28,804

36,656　46,406 46,872

46,497 46,810 45,960

40,835

42,215 38,712

35,282 33,974

29,264

24,842 21,290

19,966　

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

Number of Japanese students studying abroadSource: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, OECD Education at a Glance, IIE Open Doors, etc.

Japanese students at US universitiesSource: IIE Open Doors

Japanese students studying abroad under exchange agreementsSource: MEXT (2001-2003), JASSO (2004-2011)

(people)

3,401(5.9%)

121(0.3%)

23,387(40.3%)

20,842 （ 35.9% ）

41(0.1%)

10,215 （ 17.6% ）

Total: 　 58,060 (2010)

Source: UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, OECD Education at a Glance, etc.

Europe (incl. NIS)

Africa

Middle East

Asia

Pacific Ocean countries

North America

Central & South America

Outbound Students Mobility

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Demographic challenge in Japanese H/E

• Low ratio of international students/ faculty– 3.8% in student body– 5.2% in faculty (Full-time + Part-time)

• 80 % of int’l students: Chinese, Korean, Taiwanese

• Japanese students’ study abroad declining

Less diversity >> less innovative?Less opportunity of cross-cultural exposure

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Unprecedented expansion of support for internationalization

Scholarships for Japanese students

Support to H/E development abroad

Quality Assurance

Government Policy & Initiatives

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(2009~) “Global 30” project

(2008) “300,000 International Students Plan”

～ 2000

2007 ～ 2009

1.　Acceptance of international students

Government Support to Internationalization of H/E

(1983-) “100,000 International Students Plan”

2010 ～

National Strategy

meeting demands from industries to bring in high-

quality labor

Acceptance of intl. students as ・・・

　2.　Promotion of regional student mobility as government initiatives 　　　　　

(2012~) “Global 30 plus” project

(2012~) “ASEAN”

(2010~)”CAMPUS Asia”, “U.S. and EU”

　3.　Growing needs for global human resources　　　　　　

Support for developing countries

”Re-Inventing Japan Project”

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1212

13 top universities providing the highest level of research and education in the world

Offering degree programs in English– Japanese proficiency is not required at the admission– More than 30 undergraduate programs– More than 120 graduate programs

Take Entrance Examinations at Home Countries– International students can take admission test in their home countries.

Global 30 Project (2009 ～ 2013)

Support for International Students– International student-friendly environments– Considerate support for living and studying in Japan Assistance for academic matters, Career planning, Visas, Financial support,

Housing etc.

Re-Inventing Japan Project (2011~)

Inter-university programs which conduct cooperative education with overseas institutions.

Mutual credit recognition and academic performance evaluation implemented within common framework.

Project Summary

10 programsInbound 1,030 Students

Outbound 1,145students

CAMPUS Asia

Trilateral partnership with China and Korea

12 programsInbound 2,029 Student

Outbound 1,922 students

U.S.A. and EU

Collaborative Programs

ASEAN

Collaborative/Consortia13 programs

Inbound 3,415 StudentsOutbound 2,882 students

*the numbers of students are expected results for the period of 2011 to 2015.Types of Project

AIMS

Student Exchange under G to G

Collaboration *New in 2013 Programs to be selected

Russia and India

Collaborative Programs *New in Budget Request for 2014

ICI-ECP

Student Exchange under G to GCollaboration2programs

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Mobility Scheme– Students from each country stay in

universities in the other two countries.

– Duration: several weeks to several months.

Pilot Programs– Consortia consist of universities of Korea, Japan, and China.– The three governments provide financial support.– Monitoring of programs has started.

CAMPUS Asia (2010~)

“Collective Actions for Mobility Programs of University Students in Asia”Project Summary

Government, Q.A. agencies, and Universities in Japan, Korea and China cooperate to implement student mobility among three countries with QA.

Efforts encouraged under the 3 governments guideline: mutual credit recognition academic performance evaluation degree granting within a common framework.

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TYPE (I)1. Hokkaido University 6 univs. in 2 countries 　2. The University of Tokyo 　 6 univs.,1

organization in 2

countries

3. Tokyo Medical and Dental University 3 univs. in 3

countries4. Kyoto University 26 univs, in

10 countries5. Kobe, Osaka Univs. 5 univs. in 2 countries6. Ehime, Kagawa, Kochi Univs. 3 univs. in 1 country7. Kyushu, Waseda Univs. 7 univs. iIn 6 countries8. Keio University 6 univs. in 5 countries9. Meiji University 16 univs. in 7 countries

Selected in FY2012: 14 projectsBudget amount for FY 2013: 640 million yen

TYPE (I) Formation of a consortium among universities in Japan and ASEAN for implementing exchange programs with the assurance of credit transfers and grade management.TYPE (II)SEND Program: Student Exchange Nippon Discovery‐SEND Program: Student Exchange Nippon Discovery‐ In addition to the features specified above, the aim of this program is for Japanese students who study abroad to learn a different language and culture, and, in exchange, to assist in teaching the Japanese language and introducing Japanese culture, thus promoting cross-cultural understanding, while training them to become experts who can build cultural bridges between Japan and ASEAN countries.

TYPE (II) SEND1. Chiba University 10 univs. in 5 countries 2. Nagoya University 7 univs. in 6 countries3. Kyoto University 23 univs.

in 15 countries/ regions

4. Kyushu University 4 univs. in 4 countries5. Waseda University 6 univs. in 5 countries

Target academic fields

Urban environment, Medicine and Hygiene, Security, Agriculture,

Resources,

Human Resources Development, Public Health, etc.

Expected number of exchange (for five years)

Dispatched: 3,100 students

Accepted: 2,500 students

Such 44 universities as in ASIAN countries

Foster human resources capable of being globally active Assure the quality of mechanisms for the mutual recognition of credits and grade

management through international framework Financial support to efforts for the formation of collaborative programs with

ASEAN universities Study abroad programs for Japanese students Strategic acceptance of foreign students.

Development and implementation of leading program model for the inter university exchange

Formation of common framework for quality assurance beyond the difference of higher education system

Making educational contents visible

ASEAN (2012~) “Support to form inter university exchange between Japan and ASEAN nations”

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Go　Global　Japan　(Global　30　+)　(2012~)

Approaches:1. To foster internationally-minded human resources

e.g., exposure of foreign cultures through internships 　　2. To promote the global educational ability of faculty members

e.g., experience of teaching at overseas universities, inviting professors from partner universities 3. To organize the environment for study abroad

e.g., one-stop information smooth credit transfer and grading support for job hunting after returning4. To offer a comprehensive support from entry to graduation to improve linguistic ability

e.g., flexible entrance exams which can appropriately evaluate foreign linguistic ability and the experiences

placement test for all students practical and efficient language training including academic writing preparatory education before studying

Ⅰ: Linguistic ability Communication skills

Ⅱ： Independence ・・ positive positive attitude, challenging spirit, attitude, challenging spirit, cooperation, flexibility, cooperation, flexibility, responsibilityresponsibility

Ⅲ ： Understanding toward foreign cultures and identity as Japanese

●Type A (University-wide) 11 universities

●Type B (Faculty/school-specific) 31 universities

Overcome the Japanese younger generation's "inward tendency“ Foster human resources who can positively meet the challenges and succeed in the

global field Improve Japan’ s global competitiveness and enhance the ties between nations Promote the internalization of university education

Project Summary

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Initiative for Emerging Global University

※ Japan Revitalization Strategy (Cabinet Decision on June 14, 2013)

• Review necessary systems and establish the internationally competitive “Super Global University (tentative name).”

• The government will immediately focus on supporting universities that aggressively proceed with reforms such as globalization of human resources/education systems, and increase in the number of lectures in English.

Decisive internationalization and structural change to form global universities

Target: approximately 30 Universities (National/Public/Private ）

10 consecutive years

Budget request for FY 2014: 15,600 million yen

Expanding Support for Internationalization of Japanese Universities

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(100 million yen ~ M$)

Global 30

Re-inventing Japan

Go Global Japan(Global 30+)

2004 　　　 2005 　　　 2006 　　　 2007 2008 2009 　　　 2010 　　 　 2011 　　　 2012 　 　 2013 　 2014

Initiative for Emerging Global University

Government Scholarship for Study Abroad

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(100 million yen ~ M$)

Year 2009 2014*

# long-term(more than 1 yr.)

50 500

# short-term(less than 1 yr.)

740 32,000

(# of scholarships)

*as of Budget Request for 2014

A new system to promote

students to study

abroad

To cultivate human resources with high level of technological and research capability and inculcated with good working culture, by establishment of UG and PG programmes with Japanese style engineering education

ObjectiveObjective

25 universities (as of 1 March) organize MJIIT Japanese University Consortium to cooperate with MJIIT by sending about 40 lecturers, receiving students from MJIIT, seeking Double Degree program, etc

JUCJUC

UTM IC Campus 　 MJIIT Building（ Handover in Feb 2012 ）

Established in August 2010. Located strategically in UTM KL campus

（１） Research and Education based on industrial engineering in Japan(eg.Kohza)（２） Research and Education in niche area（３） Development of human resources in ASEAN countries（４） Industry based research（５） Networking with universities of Japan and ASEAN

FeatureFeature

・ JACTIM Foundation/Industry Museum

・ JACTIM’s participation to Advisory Panel

IndustryIndustry

・ Yen Loan 6,697mil JPY(Equipment, Consulting Service ） ( 〜 June 2018 ）※Total 750 Million RM (including operational cost, laboratory equipment, double degree fellowship and infrastructure)・ Technical CooperationJICA Expert 、 Volunteer, Training of technical staff

JICAJICA

DeanDean

DD (RD)DD

(RD) DD (A)DD (A) DD (LI)DD (LI)

Advisory PanelAdvisory Panel

UTMUTM（（ HQHQ ：： Johor BahruJohor Bahru ））

MJIITMJIIT（（ UTM ICUTM IC ））

・ 2 undergraduate and 2 graduate courses open 2012/13

・ First intake in 2011. 194 undergraduate and 108 graduate students enrolled in January, 2013

Current Current SituationSituation

1. Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT)

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Objectives

Strengthening leading universities in ASEAN and fostering engineering professionals and academics through a university network among ASEAN and Japan

1. Fostering Young Academics• Around 900 academics given scholarships to study

master’s/doctoral degrees within ASEAN and in Japan (15% of academics in engineering faculty of Member Institutions)

*excluding Singapore, Brunei

2. Strengthening Graduate Programs in ASEAN• Internationalization and quality enhancement of graduate school

programs at leading universities

3. Collaborative Research by ASEAN and Japan• Around 700 collaborative researches, over 1,000 academic

papers

4. Strengthening of Higher Education Network between ASEAN and Japan

• Mutual dispatch of 1,300 academics• Regional academic meetings (about 70 times, approximately

700 participants, around 40% from the privates sector and universities outside the network)

1) 9 Engineering fields: Chemical, Environmental, Manufacturing, Materials, Civil, 　　　 Electrical & Electronics, ICT, Mechanical / Aeronautical, Geological Engineering2) 4 Interdisciplinary fields: New / renewable energy, Disaster mitigation, 　　　 Natural resources & materials, Biotechnology, Global environment

[ASEAN 10 Countries]19 MemberUniversities

[Japan]11 Supporting Universities

Consortium (JSUC)

Top engineering universities in ASEAN

• Hokkaido University• Keio University• Kyoto University• Kyushu University• National Graduate Institute 　　 for Policy Studies• Shibaura Institute of Technology• Tokai University• Tokyo Institute of Technology• Toyohashi University of 　　 Technology• University of Tokyo• Waseda University

Brunei•Institut Teknologi Brunei•Universiti Brunei DarussalamIndonesia•Institute Teknologi Bandung •Gadjah Mada University Philipines•U of the Philippines Diliman•De La Salle University

Myammer•University of Yangon•Yangon Technological UniversityThailand•King Mongkut's Institute of 　　 Technology Ladkrabang•Burapha University •Chulalongkorn UniversityCambodia•Institute of Technology of CambodiaMalaysia•Universiti Sains Malaysia•University of MalayaSingapore•National University of Singapore•Nanyang Technological UniversityLaos•National University of LaosVietnam•Hanoi University of Technology•Ho Chi Minh City University of 　　 Technology

Member Institutions

Target Fields

Achievements

2. ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net) Phase 1, Phase 2

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Indonesia

・ University of Indonesia (UI)

・ Institute of Technology of Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Malaysia

・ Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)

・ Universiti Putra Malaysi (UPM)

Philippines

・ Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT)

Thailand

・ Kasetsart University (KU)

・ Thammasat University (TU)

Objectives

(1)To contribute to advancement of industry in the region

(2)To address regional common issues in Asia(3)To Strengthen capacity of Member Institutions

and academic network in Asia toward a world class university consortium in the future

2. ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net) Phase 3

1. Linkage among Member Universities, industry and communities is strengthened.

2. System to conduct research activities addressing regional common issues is established.

3. Research and educational capacities of faculty staff of Member Universities are improved.

4. Academic network among Member Universities and JSUC is strengthened.

Expected Outputs

Member Institutions

[ASEAN 10 Countries]26 Member Universities (including 7 New universities)

[Japan]14 JSUC (including 3 New Universities)

・ Osaka University・ Tohoku University・ Nagoya University

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-Held on September 29 and 30, 2011, Tokyo, Japan

-More than 380 participants from governments, quality assurance institutions, universities and industries from East Asia and ASEAN member countries

-Shared widely with the East Asian Region the outcome of the “CAMPUS Asia” concept and several university exchanges in ASEAN countries and also discussed the desired future path of the concept

-1st day: Opinions exchanged in three working groups 2nd day: Chair’s statement finalized after reporting the result of each working group-In the Char's statement, it was confirmed that it is important to tie the experiences gained from implementing programs to future efforts in building a shared quality-assured university exchange framework in East Asia

International Symposium on Exchange among UniversitiesInternational Symposium on Exchange among Universities with Quality Assurance in East Asian Regionwith Quality Assurance in East Asian Region

Japan’s Initiatives in Quality Assurance

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UNESCO Asia-Pacific Regional Convention on the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Regional Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications in Higher EducationRecognition of Qualifications in Higher Education

• Facilitate international mobility of students and academics in Asia-Pacific• Principles related to the recognition of qualifications giving access to higher education, partial studies, higher education qualifications, and others

• Adopted in 1983. Entry into force in 1985. ※Signatories ： China, Australia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, DPR of Korea, Republic of Korea, Nepal,

Maldives, Russian Federation, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Holy See, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, India, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Philippines, Indonesia

※Other regional conventions　　 Latin America and Caribbean (1974)　　 Mediterranean (Arab and European States bordering on the Mediterranean) (1976) Arab (1978) Europe (1979)　 Africa (1981)　　（ In Europe, the Lisbon Convention was adopted by Council of Europe and UNESCO in

1997. After the adoption, EU have launched the European Higher Education Area as the Bologna Process since the Bologna Declaration of June 1999. ）

International Conference of States to Examine and Adopt Amendments to the 1983 Convention (November 2011, Tokyo)

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【 Viewpoint of Revision 】• Quality assurance of education• Exclude reference to recognition of practice of profession

25-26 November 2011, Tokyo, JapanText of revised convention was adopted unanimously by 26 official participants

（ Official Participants ）Armenia ・ Australia ・ Bangladesh ・ Bhutan ・ Cambodia ・ China ・ India ・ Indonesia ・ Iran (Islamic Republic of) ・Japan ・ Kazakhstan ・ Lao People’s Democratic Republic ・ Malaysia ・ Maldives ・ Mongolia ・Nepal ・New Zealand ・ Philippines ・ Republic of Korea ・ Sri Lanka ・ Thailand ・ Timor-Leste ・ Turkey ・Uzbekistan ・Viet Nam ・ Holy See※Signatory of the 1983 Convention

ICS to Examine and Adopt Amendments to the 1983 Convention 　　

【 Point of the Convention 】○ Basic Principle Related yo The Assessment of Qualifications 　（ Section Ⅲ ）

Holders of qualifications issued in one of the Parties shall have adequate access, upon request to the competent recognition authority to an assessment of these qualifications in a timely manner. Each Party shall ensure that the procedures and criteria used in the assessment and recognition of qualifications are transparent, coherent, reliable, fair, and non-discriminatory.

○Recognition Of Qualifications Giving Access to Higher Education, Partial Studies and Higher Education Qualifications （ Section Ⅳ ～Ⅵ）

Each Party shall recognize the qualifications issued by the other Parties that meet the general requirements for access to these respective higher education programmes, partial studies completed within the framework of a higher education programme in another Party, and the higher education qualifications conferred in another Party, unless a substantial difference.

○Information on Assessment/Accreditation And Recognition Matters （ Section Ⅷ ）

Each Party shall take adequate measures for the development and maintenance of a national information centre that will provide higher education information.

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Background

Japanese Minister’s proposal at the first ASEAN+3 EMM (July 2012)

Japan’s TOR proposal at the ASEAN+3 SOM (November 2012)

ASEAN + 3 Student Mobility and Quality Assurance Working ASEAN + 3 Student Mobility and Quality Assurance Working Group under the Education Ministers Meeting (EMM)Group under the Education Ministers Meeting (EMM)

1st Meeting in Tokyo

Held on Sept.30 2013 in Tokyo Approx. 40 people from ASEAN+3 countries participated Shared the view to develop ASEAN+3 guidelines for promotion

of student exchange with quality assurance by 2017 (the last year of this working group).

Agreed on setting up an “ASEAN+3 Quality Assurance Expert Meeting (tentative)”; quality assurance agencies from +3 countries will join the annual meetings of AQAN.

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Abe-Education• Global human resources development: Important policy

agenda item of Abe administration– Economic competitiveness– Revitalizing education

• Double students’ mobility– 300 thousand int’l students and 120 thousand study abroad– Gov’t, Industry, Academia joint efforts

• Strong Japanese universities– 10 Japanese Univ. among world top 100

• Primary, secondary education for future global leaders– IB diploma course in 200 high school– 100 Global High Schools– Enhance English education

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Conclusion

• Age of Trans National Education– Mobility & collaboration beyond border

• University-Industry-Government joint effort

• Quality Assurance

• Global citizen, Lifelong learner

• Not only Skills, but also Mindset

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Thank you for your attention!

Shigeharu KATOMail: shigeharu.kato@gmail.com

FB: facebook.com/shigeharu.kato