Higher Close Reading

AnalysisQuestions

Sentence Structure Qus

There are 3 main things you have to consider when answering theses types of qus:

1. Sentence Types2. Punctuation3. Sentence Patterns

First of all,we’ll look at:

SENTENCETYPES

Different Sentence Types

•Statements•Questions•Exclamations•Commands•Minor Sentence•Single Sentence Paragraph

STATEMENTS

They present info like a fact

QUESTIONS•Appeal to/ Involve

the reader.•Make the reader

think•May be rhetorical

(not expect an aswer – means of putting across a point)

EXCLAMATIONS•Convey TONE•Show feelings: amazement, shock, surprise or another strong emotion.

COMMANDSTELL YOU TO DO SOMETHING.

Found in:•Instructions•Persuasive Writing•Adverts

A MINOR SENTENCE

•A sentence where the verb is intentionally omitted for dramatic effect.

•Create impact,suspense or urgency

•Suggest informality•Notes / Diaries

Minor Sentence

NoVerb

SINGLE SENTENCE PARAGRAPHS

•Unusual – para should usually have two or more sentences

•Can emphasises point/idea.•Can slow down action.•Can create suspense.

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Second,We’ll look at

PUNCTUATION

PUNCTUATION•Inverted Commas (“”)•Semi-colons (;)•Colons (:)•Single Dash (-)_________________________•Dashes (- -) •Brackets () PARENTHESIS•Commas (,)

“Inverted Commas”

• Quotations

• Direct speech

• Foreign words.

• Words used in an unusual way.

• To imply something is “so called” and not genuine.

Semi colons ;

• Separates longer phrases within lists.

• E.g

When I went to the shops I bought my favourite strawberry jam; soft, freshly baked rolls; four nicely ripening bananas and a some some Golden Delicious apples.

Semi colons cont.

• Connects two separate but linked ideas to form a sentence.

• E.g

• The rain lashed down and the wind blew fiercely; streams of drivers queued impatiently to cross the Kingston Bridge in their storm buffeted cars.

Colons :

• Often used to introduce a quotation (as in critical essays)

• Introduce a list

• Introduce an idea

• Introduce information

• Introduce a statement or an explanation

Colons - Examples

• My life has changed: I have a job, a house, a family.

• The young man had only one thought: revenge!

Test – Can you use the word “namely” instead of the colon?

A single dash

• Introduces information• To provide an explanantion• Indicates a dramatic pause.

• “These are the jewels – jewels that should have been recovered years ago.”

• “He chose Bill for only one reason – he could sing.”

• “They have been found – alive!

Ellipses…

• Dots used to tail of a sentence (can create tension, cliff hanger or leave the reader to draw their own conclusion.)

• Can show where speech or writing has been left out.

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Third, we’ll look at

SENTENCE PATTERNS

SENTENCE PATTERNS•Inversion •Repetition•Climax•Anti- Climax•Antithesis•Long Sentences•Short Sentences

INVERSIONThe words are turned

around(different from the usual expected order)

to emphasise a particular word or idea.

e.g. Down and down poured the rain

ORHappy I am not.ORSuddenly, the door opened.

REPETITON

The words or structure of the sentence are repeated

to emphasise a particular point/idea

CLIMAX•Usually comes at the end of a list.

•Builds up to the most important point.

List, repetition and climax.

• “I came, I saw, I conquered,”

ANTI-CLIMAX•The opposite of Climax•The author builds up

to something that doesn’t actually happen.

E.G. The football team trained really hard, put all their effort into the game, had five attempts at goal and still lost the game.

ANTITHESIS

• Anti = the opposite• Two ideas that contrast with each

other appear in the same sentence.E.G. 1."We must learn to live together as

brothers or perish together as fools." (Martin Luther King, Jr)

2. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; It was the age of wisdom, it was the age

of foolishness." (Dickens)

LONG SENTENCES•Long sentences are

often used to describe a complicated or long process or to describe a lot of activity going on at the same time.

THE SENTENCE MIMICS THE SENSE.

SHORT SENTENCES

•Can indicate something has stopped (usually rather suddenly)

•Can emphasise a particular point.

•Can create suspense•Can present info in a matter-of-fact way.