High Temperature Conductors - Central Board of Irrigation and Power
Transcript of High Temperature Conductors - Central Board of Irrigation and Power
Certain words and statements in this communication concerning Sterlite Technologies Limited and its prospects, and
other statements relating to Sterlite Technologies’ expected financial position, business strategy, the future
development of Sterlite Technologies’ operations and the general economy in India & global markets, are forward
looking statements.
Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause actual results,
performance or achievements of Sterlite Technologies Limited, or industry results, to differ materially from those
expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
Such forward-looking statements are based on numerous assumptions regarding Sterlite Technologies’ present and
future business strategies and the environment in which Sterlite Technologies Limited will operate in the future.
The important factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from such
forward-looking statements include, among others, changes in government policies or regulations of India and, in
particular, changes relating to the administration of Sterlite Technologies’ industry, and changes in general economic,
business and credit conditions in India.
Additional factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from such
forward-looking statements, many of which are not in Sterlite Technologies’ control, include, but are not limited to,
those risk factors discussed in Sterlite Technologies’ various filings with the National Stock Exchange, India and the
Bombay Stock Exchange, India. These filings are available at www.nseindia.com and www.bseindia.com
Disclaimer
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With increased private participation in power generation, transmission & distribution in
India, alongside that of legacy incumbents, there is a robust demand for bare overhead
power conductors.
The evident challenge is:
(a) To transmit more power over existing lines and
(b) Development of more efficient power conductors for new lines.
A growing need for efficient power transmission networks ….
Building of efficient power transmission systems is a national priority.
• Very high cost to install new Power lines.
• Difficulty in acquiring Tower sites – Right of way .
• Time involved in constructing new Power lines.
• Provision for future contingencies
Increasing demand for Electrical Power Generation & Transmission, but…..
Usage of High Temperature – Low Sag (HTLS) Conductors
Capacity Enhancement
Trans. System
Higher Voltage
Bundle Conductor
ConductorAdvanced Material
Size Up
AL59TACSRACSS
STACIR
Capacity Enhancement: Transmission Line
HTLS Conductors
Ampacity
Sag-Tension
InstallationReliability
Economics
High current carrying capacity
Low Sag-Tension Property
Easy & rapid installation
Long – Term reliability
Conductor CostLow Line loss
Hence, Shift From ACSR to HTLS
High Temperature (HTLS) Conductors
ACSS (Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported)
TACSR (Thermal Alloy Conductor Steel Re-inforced)
STACIR (Super thermal Aluminium Conductor Invar
Reinforced)
ACCC (Aluminium Conductor Composite Core)
ACCR (Aluminium Conductor Composite Reinforced)
High Ampacity Conductors
Low Resistance Conductors
AL59 Alloy Conductors 1120 Alloy ConductorsEHC Alloy
Dull Surface Finish
Dull Conductor
Colored Conductors
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Specialty materials.Superior performance.
A range of specialty alloys offer superior thermal resistance that improves the efficiency in high current transmission.
26% to 31% more current carrying capacity as that of ACSR of the same size, while maximum sag remains the same & working tension is lesser than that of ACSR.
Resistivity is substantially lesser than that of ACSR/AAAC conductors, resulting in lower I2R losses.
Higher corrosion resistance than 6201 alloy series (AAAC).
AL59 Conductor
* Source: CPRI Report on AL59 Conductor vide Study on AL59 Conductor at CPRI Laboratory, Bangalore.
Higher Current Carrying Capacity – AL59
AL-59 provides Higher Ampacity
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Degrees C
Am
pe
res
ACSR
Alloy
AL-59
Alloy1120
EHC
ACSS – Aluminium Conductor Steel Supported
CONSTRUCTION:
ACSS Aluminium wires are manufactured from Annealed Aluminium 1350 wires. The conductorcomprises of an inner core of Galfan (Zn 5% Al Mischmetal) coated steel wire and concentricallyarranged annealed Aluminium strands forming the outer layers of the conductor
APPLICATION:
ACSS Conductors are used for both up gradation and for new power transmission and distribution lines.
• Annealed Aluminium wire can operate continuously up to 2500C without any loss in strength
• When stressed, the complete conductor Aluminium elongates and transfers all the load to steel core
• Lower compressive forces between annealed Aluminium and Steel Core enables higher self damping capacity because of this increased elongation in annealed Aluminium
Annealed Aluminium 1350 wire
Fully annealed Aluminium is having lower yield strength, resulting into inelastic elongation inAluminium wire when tension is applied on a composite conductor.
Properties HAL (Hard
drawn 1350
Al)
Annealed
Aluminium
1350
Tensile
Strength in
(Mpa)160 60
Conductivity
%IACS
61 63
%
Elongation
1.2 to 2 25 to 30
Conductor ACSR ACSS
Ampacity 1X 2X
Generally for ACSS Conductor mfg, bobbins in stranding machine are to be kept with minimumtension. Sterlite adopted a new annealing process which enables to run the machine at sametension.
• Mechanical and physical properties of Mishmetal steel wire are similar to that of the galvanized steel wires
• Corrosion resistance of Mishmetal steel wires are better than that of galvanized steel wires
• ASTM B 802 and B 803 were developed in 1989 defining requirement of the core wire using this different coating
Mischmetal Steel Wire
The Mishmetal Coating on the steel core can withstand for continuous operating temperatureupto 2500C
Properties Galvanized Steel
Galfan Steel
Tensile Strength in
(Mpa)1410 1410
% Elongation 4 4
Continuous temperature
at which coating
withstands
(Deg C)
150 250
Conductor ACSR ACSS
TACSR– Thermal Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced
CONSTRUCTION:
Thermal-resistant Aluminum-alloy Conductor, Steel Reinforced (TACSR) conductors wherein theinner core is composed of galvanized steel and the outer layers are composed of thermal-resistantaluminum-alloy.
APPLICATION:
TACSR conductors are used to enhance the capacity of the existing transmission line by simplyreplacing the existing conductor without any modifications to the tower. Also used for new lineswhere power transfer requirement is very high.
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STACIR – Super Thermal Alloy Conductor
Invar Reinforced
CONSTRUCTION:
Super thermal alloy (STAL) are manufactured from Al-Zr (Aluminium Zirconium) alloy rods. Theconductor comprises of an inner core of Aluminium clad Invar (36%Ni in steel) and concentricallyarranged STAL strands forming the outer layers of the conductor
APPLICATION: STACIR/AW conductors is preferred for re-conductoring applications. The capacity of the existingtransmission line can be enhanced by simply replacing the existing conductor without anymodifications to the tower.
Thermal Alloy (s)
Super thermal alloy contains Zr which deposits over the grain boundary of Aluminium,thus increasing the recrystalisation temperature of Aluminium which enables STAL tooperate at high temperature without any loss in strength.
Properties HAL (Hard drawn 1350 Al)
TAL (Thermal Alloy Al-Zr)
STAL (Super Thermal Alloy
Al-Zr)
Tensile Strength in (Mpa)
160 160 160
Conductivity %IACS
61 60 60
Continuous Operating
Temperature80 150 210
Emergency Operating
Temperature120 180 280
Conductor ACSR TACSR STACIR
Ampacity 1X 1.5X 2X
Inner Core – TACSR & STACIR
STACIR is designed with Aluminium clad invar having low thermal co-efficient of
expansion at 2100C which enables it to maintain the SAG equal to equivalent ACSR.
TACSR can be designed with STC 6 core to maintain the sag equal to ACSR, even while it
operate at 1500C.
Properties Galvanized Steel Galvanized Steel (ST6 C)
Aluminium Clad Invar
Tensile Strength in (Mpa) 1226 1700 1184
Conductivity %IACS
8 8 14
Linear Co-efficient of Expansion
11.5x10-6 11.5x10-6 3.7x10-6
Young's Modulus (Kg/mm2) 21000 21000 15500
Conductor ACSR TACSR STACIR
Ampacity 1X 1.5X 2X
Technical Comparison:
Particulars ACSR MooseAL59
(ACSR Moose Equivalent)
ACSS (ACSR Moose Equivalent)
TACSR (ACSR Moose Equivalent)
STACIR (ACSR Moose Equivalent)
Aluminum type EC 1350 Al 59 Alloy wiresAnnealed
Aluminium Wires
Heat Resistance Al Alloy
Super Thermal
Aluminium alloy
Core typeST1 A Galvanized
SteelAl 59 Alloy wires
ST6 C/ST 1A
Galvanized steel
wire
ST6 CAluminium Clad
Invar wire
Stranding (Aluminum / Core)
54Al/3.53 mm 7st/3.53 mm
61Al/3.52 mm54TAL/3.513 mm
7st/3.513 mm
54TAL/3.53 mm + 7st/3.53 mm
54STAL/3.53 mm
7Invar/3.53 mm
Diameter (mm) 31.77 31.68 31.62 31.77 31.77
Cross section area (mm2) 597 593 591 597 597
Minimum breaking load as per ST6C Core (kgf)
16184 14576 14271 18043 15549
Weight (kg/km) 2004 1640 1983 2004 1956
DC resistance (Ohm/km) 0.05595 0.0501 0.05477 0.05651 0.05409
Current carrying capacity (Amperes)
876 1098 1950 1650 2078
Maximum continuous operating temperature (0C)
85 95 250 150 210
Use of High Ampacity conductors can result in saving in CAPEX
Particulars ACSR MooseACSS
(ACSR Moose Equivalent)
Current Carrying Capacity (Amperes) 876 1950
Current Carrying Capacity (Twin) 1752 3900
Current Carrying Capacity (Quad) 3504 7800
Same Current Construction Quad Twin
Total Conductor Weight (Per Circuit) 24048 11898
Savings in Weight (%) - 50%
Technical Comparison: Current Carrying Capacity
Sterlite In-house Facility – HTLS Conductors
61 Rigid Strander (with Auto Batch loading system) for Higher Transmission Sizes
37 Rigid Strander for Medium Transmission Sizes
19 Rigid Strander
High Speed Skip 7 Strander for Distribution Sizes
Precise High Speed
Wire Drawing Machines
Furnace for
Aging / Annealing (ACSS)
Aluminium / STAL Rods
Rolling Mill
05 – Rolling Mill
17 – Wire Drawing Machines
03 – Ageing Furnace
01 – Anealing Furnace
08 – 61 Rigid Strander
03 – 37 Strander
02– 19 Strander
08 – Skip Strander
Special Features
• State of the art Properzi Rolling Mill with computerized process control and hence precise and accurate product.
• Auto Tension devices for each bobbin of the Rigid Stranders.
• High Speed Stranding @ 40 to 50meter/min
• Inbuilt Conductor automatic Greasing System
• Special designed machine for making Dull Conductors
•In-house facility/technology for making STAL alloy
5/20/2010 23
New Products Developed
ProductSpecial properties/
UsageApproved / Type tested at
AAAC ASTER 570 (61/3.45mm)High conductivity and high strength
compared to 6201 AAACEDF,France
Al 59 (61/4.02)Strength in-between 6201 AAAC and AAC and conductivity nearly
equal to E.C gradeJPOWER,Japan
E.H.C
AAAC Araucaria (61/4.17)
Super high conductivity and Super high strength compared to 6201
AAACSAG,Germany
ACSR/AS Dove (26Al/3.71+7St/2.89)
Aluminium clad steel instead of galvanized steel which increases the
current carrying capacity of the conductor compared to ACSR
JPOWER, Japan
1120 Sulfur Conductor (61/3.75mm)Strength in-between 6201 AAAC and AAC and conductivity nearly
equal to E.C gradeSAG, Germany
New Products Developed.. Continued..
ProductSpecial properties/
Usage
Approved / Type tested at
STACIR Moose For Uprating Lines; can operate up to 210
Deg CKinertics Canada
ACSS CurlewFor Uprating and New
Lines; can operate up to 250 DegC
Tag Corporation, Chennai
TACSRFor Uprating Lines; can operate up to 250 DegC
Tag Corporation, Chennai
CBIP 26
For re-conductoring:
• Enhanced current carrying capacity.
• No modification / reinforcement to existing towers.
• Cost effectiveness.
For new lines:
• Enhanced current carrying capacity.
• Reduction in overall capital expenditure.
• Reduction in overall operating expenditure
• Higher corrosion resistance.
• Shorter project duration.
Benefits in performance and costs
3rd Annual Conference on Power Transmission in India 27
AL59 AL59
TACSR
1120 1120
ACSS
STACIR
NEW LINES RECONDUCTORING
TACSR
ACSS
Sterlite’s offerings: Diverse range of applications
Other New Solutions: Dull, TW, Gap Type Conductors
What are we doing?
Double ended accurate fault location system for interconnected transmission lines
X XX
X
X
X
TWS DSFL
>100KV
Permanent and
Intermittent Faults
Faults can be divided into three types
• Permanent faults – normally rare but need finding and fixing fast
• Intermittent faults – can be re-closed but can occur again. Eg damaged insulation, vegetation
• Transient faults – can be re-closed. Caused by random events eg lightning, bush fires.
Categories of Fault
Intermittent and transient faults were not taken too seriously
but there is an increasing awareness over power quality and
system stability issues that are driving a need to reduce the
number of line trips.
You need accurate fault location to find these faults
• Reduce downtime
• Allow the implementation of preventive maintenance at known trouble spots to avoid further trips and voltage dips
• Reduce costs and manpower requirements – no need for multiple line patrols or use of helicopters.
• Minimises extra costs involved in maintaining system security during the plant outage.
The need for fault location
It is generally accepted that accurate fault location on overhead
lines is necessary at transmission voltages (>100KV) to:
The traditional methods of fault location have been based on
impedance techniques now commonly incorporated in digital
relays and fault recorders.
Impedance techniques have been used for the past 35 years. They
are now conveniently available in digital protection relays and fault
recorders. Problems arise when:
• The fault arc is unstable
• The fault resistance is high and fed from both ends
• Circuits run parallel for only part of the route
Problems with Impedance
Accuracy is dependent on:
• PT and CT response
• The assumption that the line is symmetrical
• A lumped equivalent circuit used in the algorithms
•Filtering of harmonics and DC offsets – more difficult with reduced
data window caused by faster clearance times (5 cycles or less)
•Line parameters
Typically 1 to 20% of line length but it can be worse
depending on fault type.
Phase to phase faults give best performance.
Phase to earth faults with high fault resistance can result in large errors.
Actual error increases with line length.
Compensation required for mutual coupling on double circuit lines
Compensation required for end source impedance.
Accuracy of Impedance
There is a need for a better system
On a 200Km line the error could be from 2Km to 40Km
Application of TWS (Traveling wave
system)
• Best on interconnected overhead lines
• Uses a double ended technique to allow automatic calculation and
display of fault position
• Accuracy not affected by the factors that cause problems to
impedance methods
• Accuracy not affected by line length
• Works for all types of faults including open circuit faults
• Works on series compensated lines, lines with tapped loads, lines
with lengths of underground cable and teed circuits
Double Ended Method of TWS Fault Location
T1A
T1B
A
B
LaA
Lb
Fault
Traveling waves
generated by the
fault propagate along
the line in both
directions
The distance to fault
is proportional to
the difference in
arrival time (T1A –
T1B), the length of
line (La+Lb) and the
propagation velocity
TWS devices
installed at line
ends trigger on
the arrival of the
wave and assign
an accurate time
tag
La = [(La+Lb) + (T1A-T1B).v] / 2
V for air insulation = 300m/μs
Time stamp accurate to 1μs
It is fortunate and somewhat convenient that at
the speed of light, one micro-second equals
300 m (975 feet)
It is fortunate and somewhat convenient that
300 m (975 feet) equals the average span
length on a transmission line.
The result is repeatable fault location
within 1 tower / span on all types of
fault. Measurements from both ends
gives accuracy 150m
TWS Accuracy
Result from Malaysia
Automatic DTF Calculation using Double Ended Type D Method
via TWS Base Station 2000 software
TWS Fault Location to One Span - Works Even
When Impedance Methods have Large Errors
Send the repair teams to the right place. Minimize search time and
reduce expensive downtime
What is the actual cost of inaccuracy?
TWS accuracy in all types of weather
Works in fog and at
night when
helicopters cannot
Why risk multiple line patrols over dangerous terrain when you can go
straight to the spot?
TWS One span accuracy locates damaged
insulators
Question:
A structure experienced 4 self-clearing
faults in 1 year. Is it in the best interest of
your company and reliability to visually
inspect that structure for damage that may
eventually result in a non-clearing fault?
Question:
A structure experienced 4 self-clearing faults in
1 year. Is it in the best interest of your
company and reliability to visually inspect that
structure for damage that may eventually result
in a non-clearing fault?
Not possible to pinpoint damage with impedance methods
due to inconsistency of results and variable errors
TWS Accurate enough to locate fault damage
caused by bird streamers
Assess damage and organise repairs
One span accuracy tracks down tree
problems
Go straight to cause of problem to take remedial action and avoid
further trips
TWS accuracy pinpoints lightning faults
• Compare lightning strike information from the IEEE Fault And Lightning Location System (FALLStm) against exact TWS fault location to:
• Confirm lightning is fault cause:-
• The TWS trigger was caused by an actual lightning strike on the line
• Confirm lightning is not the fault cause:-
• The TWS trigger was caused by induced lightning activity, but not a direct hitVital information when deciding
whether to reclose a line
Track faults from ground fires
Compare GPS fire coordinates
against exact TWS fault
location to:
Confirm ground fire is fault
cause
Confirm ground fire is not fault
cause
Vital information when deciding whether to reclose a line
Can the TWS be used as a single ended
fault locator?
• The line being monitored is very short compared to the other lines connected to the busbar
• The transmission system is very simple minimising the number of reflections
NO except under special circumstances
Even with the above the operator must be skilled at interpreting
TWS waveforms and be prepared that sometimes they will get a
wrong answer!
We only promote the TWS as a double ended system
Measurement of line length
• The TWS is triggered by energising a dead line
• The waveform is analysed and line length measured by identifying a reflection from the far open circuit end
• A good method to check the length of the line including sags and changes in elevation
• Known as a Type E test
A precise line length checks improves TWS fault
location accuracy and maximises the benefits
Type E Method for confirming line length
END B
L1
L2
x
x
END A
T2
Line Length = [T2 x v]/2
Closing the circuit breaker
at End B to energise the
dead line launches a wave
that reflects from the far
open circuit end
Often used on a trial to show the system is
working
Far end must be open and isolated
(mechanical break with a disconnector)
Result from Nigeria
Type E Test – Line re-energised from TWS1 end with far
end of line open and isolated
TWS Deployment – General Rules
• TWS must be located at a substation where more than one line is
connected to the busbar if linear couplers are used.
= TWS line module (current)
TWS can be located at a line end but the voltage component of the wave
must be monitored, not the current
= TWS line module (current)
= TWS line module (voltage)
TWS Deployment – General Rules
Only allow a maximum of one tee connection between two TWSs
= TWS line module (current)
One T only
Remember – a TWS system must have a good
comms infrastructure for practical double ended
operation
Two types of substations
Centralised Relay Room Distributed Relay Rooms
Good for TWS – LC connection <25m Good for DSFL
X
Central services – control,
comms, batteries
X X
Wiring for Indications
Relays Relays Relays
X
All relay panels in one room
adjacent to each other
X X
Secondary wiring
Results Analysis – 3 x Software Sets
NFE – configures TWS network
Saves files to TWSBase2000
TWS Base2000 – manual connection
to TWS devices. Download, save,
display and analyse index files and
waveforms. Calculation of DTF
PAD – automatically polls DSFL
devices, calculates and displays
DTF results. Logs comms errors and
GPS lock issues
Communications to TWS TWS
PAD software - Fast, Automatic Listing of
Exact Fault Position
• Results displayed shortly after a line trip – no operator intervention required
• No need to wait for a protection engineer to analyze the data
• Results emailed to maintenance departments to get repair crews moving faster.
• Option to terminate polling and get results from a single circuit on demand after a line trip in 4 clicks
• The health status of the fleet of TWS can be seen at a glance
Results available where and when they are needed
without the intervention of skilled operators
Simplified display of Distance to Fault
Results
Results automatically displayed shortly after a line trip
providing vital information for the decision to reclose
Structure ID
can be
imported and
displayed
Simplified Display of System Alarms
Allows communication problems to be quickly identified
so they can be rectified. Provides details of the integrity
of the GPS time synchronization to warn of intermittent
or more serious problems
Network File Editor – a tool to configure a TWS
fault location system
• A graphical user interface (GUI) to configure a fleet of TWS devices
• Can create a new network of devices or edit an existing one
• Can define circuits of a given line length by mapping a TWS line module at one line end with another at the opposite line end
• Circuits can be two or three ended (that is containing one ‘tee’)
• Communication mode, ethernet or modem, and contact details easily set for each device
• Link to TWS Base Station software to immediately start using new configuration
Simple, fast method of setting up or editing a TWS network
without the need for specialist knowledge
TWS Installed Base
Approximately 1000 units have been sold to date to 70 Utilities in
30 Countries.
• 237 units in USA & Canada (23 Companies)
• 180 units in Africa (S. Africa, Namibia, Nigeria)
• 100 units in the UK
• 115 units in the Far East (Malaysia, HK, Indonesia, Vietnam)
• 100 units in Western Europe (France, Spain)
• 70 units in Australia & New Zealand
• 55 units in S. America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina)
• 30 units in Scandinavia & Baltic countries.
Users by Type
• Transmission greater than 100KV
• Interconnected substations
• Long lines greater than 100Km
• Difficult terrain with access problems
• Prone to bad weather – lightning, rain, gales
• Poor maintenance record – more faults
• Heavily loaded lines - line trips have bigger impact
Transmission of Electric Energy
Short History
&
Development of Bare HighVoltage Overhead Lines(Bare OHC)
Important Conditions for Bare OHC
Ampacity
SAG
Tension on the towers
Tension in the conductor
Temperature of the conductor
Boundary conditions
History Bare OHC
Since beginning all conductors
were made of Copper
or
Copper Alloys
Reasons: Good Conductivity
Availability
Materials of Bare OHC
Material Density Conductivity TensileStrength
CTE
g/cm3 % IACS MPa X 10 -6 / Co
Copper 8.9 100 450 17
Aluminium 2.7 61 165 23
Steel 7.8 9 1600 11.5
Alloy 2.7 52 325 23
Invar 7.1 14-23 1310 –1170
3.7
AAC – All Aluminium Conductors
Advantages:Better Conductivity per unit of weight strung.
(Less tension on towers)
Disadvantages:Loses 60% of its strength when overloaded.
Has in absolute value less reserve in
strength to overcome wind and ice loading.
Continuous improvement in Bare OHC
ACSR AAAC 6201 AL-59 TACSRGood Conductivity –53.0 % IACS*
ModerateConductivity – 52.5%IACS*
Better Conductivity –59% IACS*
Moderate Conductivity– 52 % IACS*
Moderate Corrosion Resistance
Better CorrosionResistance
Better CorrosionResistance
Moderate CorrosionResistance
Better Strength toWeight Ratio
Better Strength toWeight Ratio
Good Strength toWeight Ratio
Better Strength toWeight Ratio
Better TensileStrength
Good Tensile Strength Moderate TensileStrength
Better Tensile Strength
Typical ApplicationCommonly used forboth transmission anddistribution circuits.
Typical ApplicationTransmission andDistribution applicationsin corrosiveenvironments, ACSRreplacement.
Typical ApplicationTransmission andDistribution High Ampacityapplications in corrosiveenvironments, ACSRreplacement.
Typical ApplicationTransmission andDistribution High Ampacityapplications in non-corrosive environments,ACSR replacement.
* International Annealed Copper Standard for conductivity
Categories of Overhead Conductors
Homogeneous Conductors AAC – All Aluminum Conductor
AAAC – All Aluminum Alloy conductor
Non - Homogeneous Conductors ACSR – All Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
ACSR/AW – All Aluminum Conductor Al. Clad Steel
Reinforced
TACSR – Thermal Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
TACSR/AW – Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Steel Reinforced
TACIR/AW – Thermal Aluminum Conductor Cl. Invar Reinforced
AACSR – All Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel
Reinforced
ACAR – All Aluminum Conductor Al. Alloy Reinforced
ACSS – All Aluminum Conductor Steel Supported
Limitations of Present Transmission System
The present Transmission System is overloaded due to
Economic Expansion (Commercial, Industrial and
Residential)
Max. Op. Temp with Existing ACSR Conductors 85 0C
Very High cost to install new Transmission Lines.
Very difficult to acquire Right of Way (ROW).
Time constraint for new Transmission Lines.
Objections from inhabitants to construct new T/L.
Solution: New Generation Conductors ...
High Ampacity Alloy Conductors
AAAC 6201, 6101
AAAC 1120 AL-57, AL-59 Thermal Resistant Alloy (TAL)
Defined as per IEC,
ASTM, BS, NFC,
EN, CSA
Specification.
Defined as per
Australian
Specification.
Defined as per
Swedish
specification & EN
Specification.
Defined as per IEC, &
ASTM Specification.
Popularly in use@ Countries:France,
Bangladesh, India,
North and East
Africa, Middle East, USA … so on
Popularly in use @Countries:
Australia & New
Zealand
Popularly in use @Countries:
Norway, Sweden,
India … so on
Popularly in use @Countries:
South and East Asia,
Nigeria, Middle East
Asia, Europe… so on
Up rating of Transmission System
No,Re -Conductoring
Ground clearance is enough?
Thermal Resistance Al.
Alloy Conductor
High Ampacity Alloy
Conductors
TACSR, TACSR/EST,
TACSR/AW, TACSR/TW
TACIR/AW &
TACIR/TW/AW,
GAP type
Conductors
TAL with Al. Clad Invar
Core. i.e. for PGCIL Re-
Conductoring Tender we
have offered TACIR/AW
388 sq mm against
ACSR Moose
Yes, New
Transmission Lines
Power T’xfer
Requirements
Up to
30%
Al-59
AAA 1120
More
than
30%
• TACSR family Conductor has 60+ % more ampacity of ACSR Conductors.
• TACSR/TW Conductor has more than 70+% more ampacity of conventional ACSR type.
• TACIR/TW Conductor has equivalent sag-tension properties as conventional ACSR type.
• Conventional fittings and accessories for ACSR can be used for TAL Conductorsexcept compression fittings
• Same installation method as conventional ACSR is applied for TALConductors
• TAL Conductors has high long-term reliability with strong track record
Use AL-59 & TACSR for New Lines and TACIR/AW & GAP Conductor for Re-Conductoring
Summary
Greetings & Welcome
Presented by :
M N RAVINARAYAN
& N R DHARDated on :
20-05-2010
Workshop on latest
technologies on power
transmission sector: CBIP New
Delhi 20th MAY 2010
It is imperative on the part of Transmission line operator toeliminate patrolling as far as practicable, reduce downtime, labourand transportation cost . It is, therefore, necessary that accurate &re-confirmed information is obtained before commencingpatrolling or sending team to the spot, on the instant information.
On-line fault locators today give data of instant information ofdistance to faults with varying accuracy regarding location of faultin a transmission line.
A reconfirmation with an Line Signature Analysis study ispreferable to accurately locate the prolonged presence of fault inorder to send teams to pinpointed fault location & repair the sameto reduce downtime.
1. Reduction of downtime
Line Signature Analysis study prior to recharging, after the linerepair, reveals healthiness of line or indicates persistence of faultsin the event of a multiple fault condition. This will avoid stressconditions on the terminal equipments, relays and eventualline/system tripping, as the line can be declared faulty withoutcharging.
2. Safe recharging of lines
Line Signature study of a transmission line (Line healthiness studyor ECG of a transmission line) can predict developing faultlocations e.g. weak jumpers, leaky insulators etc on the lineindicating various degrees (immediate/2nd & 3rd preference etc) ofweakness of the line. Thus a planned maintenance schedule can beprogrammed to avoid forced outage of any line. This helps inreducing the downtime of the line to a greater extent.
3. Predictive Maintenance
Line Signature Analysis study is also most useful tool for pre-commissioning tests for a newly constructed Transmission Line.Line Signature scans the entire line and provides documentationon the line’s readiness for charging. Decision for charging a newTransmission line can be taken based on this Line Signature study.
4. Line pre-commissioning tests
The Signature Analysis does not require any presetting of line data,no additional attachments interfering with the substation/powerstation terminal equipments. The Line Signature Analysis study isnot influenced either by any effect due to dynamic behavior of thetransmission line that may be encountered when the transmissionline is in charged condition or by any data of line, conductors,geometry of towers, GPS positioning etc. This is considered anideal situation for study of line condition.
5. Accurate data independent of operating parameters
Line Signature Analysis provides historical data on the entire line,its weakness/improvement, which can be useful for comparisonwith subsequent data for monitoring the transmission linecondition at any given point of time for planning preventivemaintenance.
6. Historical data for asset management
Feeding a correct data of a transmission line for on-line / Relaysystem is essential. Length of a line constitutes an important factorfor input data of ONLINE / Relay system. The Signature Analysison application to a line provides accurate line length and hencehelps improve accurate functioning of on-line / Relay system.
7. Data for Relay system
Line Signature Analysis can be used as a back up of on-linesystems in the event of system failure. Various components areresponsible for measurement by on-line system whereas LineSignature Analysis is an in-dependant system.
8. A backup
1. Used for FAULT LOCATION
2. Used for Predictive Maintenance
3. Used for Pre–charging verification
4. Used for Pre-commissioning of EHT lines
UTILITY
1. Portable offline system with in-built re-chargeable battery.
Housed in IP67 pelican casing.
2. Complete fault Information in direct reading digital display
3. Complete Line Healthiness Study.
4. Can be used in any line EHT line from 66kV to 1250 kV.
5. Requires no parameter input. Extremely simple operation
6. Accuracy of +/- 100 meters through out the range of 1000 KM.
7. Direct PC storage and printout.
8. Optimum safety. Complete suppression of induction voltage
9. All the functionalities of the system can be tested with the EHT line Simulator.
10. Economical Investment – one single system is sufficient for the entire station and
applied to any EHT line from 66kV to 1250kV.
The MAX-3 Digi Scan
-- Salient features..
B PHASE OPEN :- PROGRESSIVE GAIN HIGHLIGHTS
p5 :- 3/16/2006 4:43:15 PM :- 400 KV Mysore - Neelamangala ckt1
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 Remarks
[] [] [] [] [] 002.0[8] X
[] [] [] [] [] 004.5[8] X
[] [] [] 012.3[1] 012.3[3] 012.2[6] B
[] [] [] [] [] 020.6[3] X
[] [] [] [] 022.3[3] 022.2[5] B
[] [] [] 026.1[1] 026.2[3] 025.9[7] A
[] [] [] [] [] 029.3[3] X
[] [] [] [] [] 035.6[3] X
[] [] [] [] 036.0[1] [] X
[] [] [] [] [] 039.6[2] X
[] [] [] [] [] 046.4[3] X
[] [] [] [] [] 047.0[3] X
[] [] [] [] 050.7[1] 050.5[3] C
[] [] [] [] [] 051.2[1] X
[] [] [] [] [] 056.6[3] X
[] [] [] [] 060.3[1] 060.4[3] C
[] [] [] [] [] 065.9[3] X
[] [] [] [] [] 069.2[2] X
[] [] [] [] [] 078.7[2] X
[] [] [] [] [] 085.6[1] X
[] [] [] [] 086.3[1] 086.3[3] C
[] [] [] [] [] 090.6[2] X
[] [] [] [] [] 096.7[3] X
[] [] [] [] [] 097.3[3] X
[] [] [] [] [] 102.6[2] X
[] [] [] [] [] 112.7[1] X
[] [] [] [] 118.7[1] 118.7[4] C
[] [] [] [] [] 124.0[1] X
[] [] [] [] [] 126.6[1] X
135.8[3] 135.8[8] 135.9[8] 135.9[8] 135.8[8] 135.8[8] E