HIGH PURITY - Asahi/America

P.O. Box 653 - 35 Green Street, Malden MA 02148Tel: (781) 321-5409 Fax: (781) 321-4421

www.asahi-america.com - [email protected]

All information contained in this cata-logue has been compiled according to thepresent technical standards and is accurateto the best of our knowledge, and beflief.

The values in the tables are to be consideredas average values. They cannot be appliedfor products unless the production andmolding conditions are adhered to. Forspecial inquiries our application engineersare available for assistance.

Commitments with regard to possibledeviations in isolated cases or also rightsof a third party cannot be derived from this.The information contained herein is subjectto change without notice.

As we are constantly endeavouring toimprove and adapt our products to themost modern standards, we reserve theright to make modifications from time totime and products and properties maydiffer from those detailed in this catalogue.

H I G HPURITY

Kunststofftechnik G m b HIng.-Pesendorfer-Straße 31A - 4 5 4 0 B a d H a l lT e l . ( 0 ) 7 2 5 8 / 7 9 0F a x : ( 0 ) 7 2 5 8 / 3 8 6 3

E - m a i l : a n w t @ a g r u . a tInternet:http://www.agru.atA U S T R I A

T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O N

HIGH PURITY




HIGH PURITY

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G E N E R A L I N F O R M A T I O N



LinzBad Hall

Salzburg

Munich

AGRU Alois Gruber GmbHKunststofftechnik is an Austrianmanufacturer with internationalquality in the heart of Europe.For more than 35 years AGRU hasdeveloped expertise in the processingand selling of high-qualitythermoplastic products.The most modern production plantsare for AGRU the basis for the manu-facture of piping systems, liners,concrete protective liners and semi-finished products out of PE, PP,PVDF and ECTFE. As a result, formany decades, AGRU products have,and continue to fulfill the highestrequirements of gas and water supplysystems, the chemical industry, thesemi-conductor industry as well asenvironmental protection.

This family company has more than350 employees in its head office inBad Hall/Austria. Further AGRU-manufacturing plants are located inthe United States of America,Germany and Thailand.

AUSTRIA

EUROPE

Vienna

Section A:AGRU-

YOUR PARTNER

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AGRU theSystem Supplier

AGRU offers systems which aredesigned for many differentapplications in the semi-conducter, pharmaceutical andchemical industry. For eachproduct separate technical- andsupply-information are available.

For more information pleasecontact:AGRU Kunststofftechnik GmbHIng.-Pesendorfer-Strasse 31A-4540 Bad HallTel. +43(0)7258/790Fax: +43(0)7258/3863E-mail.: [email protected]

PE/PP-piping systemsDrainage systems and the supply ofuntreated water

AGRUSAFE - (Duo-Pro) doublecontainment piping systems inPE,PP,PVDF and ECTFEProcess and drainage chemical pipingwith leak detection

SURE GRIP-concrete protectiveliners in PE, PP, PVDF and ECTFECorrosion protection of concretestructures (lining of channels, storagebasins, etc.)

AGRUSAFE-double sealing sheets inPE and PPCorrosion protection of concretestructures with leak dedection

AGRUAIR (Air-Pro) piping systemsCompressed air piping systems

For the above systems, individualmanuals (catalogues) are available

AGRUVENTPP and PPs piping system for Ductwork

PP-natural system (Polypure)A new cost-effective clean pipingsystem

PVDF-Drainage piping system

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THE AGRUQUALITY

MANAGEMENT

Trained employees will support youin solving your problems competentlyand efficiently. If you have a technicalinquiry or a question about thehandling of your system - AGRU willassist you beginning from your

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stock

transaction of ordersdelivery

sales service

Management

Dem

andC

ustomer’s desire

Serv

ice

Customer

Company

FotoLKW,Versand

FotoLager

production

order

FotoSchweiß-training

customer training

project-assistance technical service

The company`s success is based on aclearly defined policy: to meet thedemands, requirements, wishes andexpectations of the clients as well asthe subjection of our QM-system to acertification according to ISO 9001.

inquiry until the complete installation.By direct contact with your personal,specialist from our export departmentoffers the security of a flexible andfast reaction to your demands.

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THEDISTRIBUTION The worldwide distribution of AGRU-

products is made throughrepresentatives in more than 80countries. By this international salesnet and by production plants in theUSA-(South Carolina), Germany andThailand, AGRU offers a contactperson in your territory and a speedydelivery of the required products.At our head office in Bad Hall/Au-stria, the most up-to-date logisticssystems for the dispatch and handlingof products are available. AGRU hasinvested in new production and logistictechnologies and we now have at ourdisposal a total production area of28.500 square metres and 15.500square metres of storage space forfinished products. The storage of theindividual fittings in our high-boardstock is computer controlled, also thedelivery is automatically andperformed by the most efficientmethods.

AGRUAMERICA

AGRUHead office + manufacturing

AGRU

AGRU-FRANK

Germany Austria

Thailand

USA/South Carolina

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Since 1970 AGRU products have beenapplied successfully in manysemiconductor, pharmaceutical andchemical industry applications. Invarious applications AGRU standardplastic and HP-Quality products areused throughout these industries.

Lined storage tanks Process equipments

UPW-plants UPW-distribution systems

Duct for cleanroom ventilation and exhaust systems Wet stations

Section B:References

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References List of AGRU PVDF-HP,PP-HP application projects:

United States of America

AddonAdvanced Silicone ProductsAMDArrowhead Inc.Ashland ChemicalAtmelBi PolarBrunswick Pulp & Paper CoBurr BrownCoherrentChem Nuclear R&D FacilityDallas SemiconductorDigitalDupont PhotomaskGE Neutron DevicesGeneral ElectricHoneywellIBMIBM-E.Fishkill SverdruIntelLWT/ATTLWT/MitsubishiMatsushitaMEMCMc Donnel DouglasMicronMonsantoMotorolaNCRNECNekoosa PaperNorthen TelecomOlin ChemicalOrbit SemiconductorOsmonics/VaponicsRCASamsungSiemensSubmicronSumitomoTexas InstrumentsWacker Siltronics

Canada

IBM Canada Ltd.Litton Systems Canada Ltd.Noranda Inc.Park Davis Ltd.

Netherlands

Philips

Italy

CastagnettiS.G.S-ThompsonTexas Instruments

France

IBMSGS-Thompson/Grenoble

Germany

Fairchild ElectronicsFrauenhofer InstitutIBMKali Chemie AGPhilipsSiemensTexas InstrumentsValvoWacker Siltronic

Israel

Intel Ltd.Tower Semiconductor

Malaysia

Cormag

England

NECNewport Wafer Fab.SIEMENS

Taiwan

MACRONIX International Co.LtdNan-YaTI-ACER Incorp.United Microelectronics Corp(UMC)VitelicWinbond

Singapore

Chartered SemiconductorTECH-Semiconductor

Korea

ANAM & T,Ltd.Dong Woo Pure Chemical Co.LtdHyunday ElectronicsLG-Semicon (Goldstar Electron Co.Ldt.)POSCOHULS Co.Ltd.Samsung Electronics

Japan

Dainihon ScreenDensoken, Japan MinistryFutaba ElectricKomatsu Electronic Met.Kyushu Electric MetalMatsushita Electric Ind.Co.Matsushita Electronic Co.NECNippon SansoOKI ElectricOsaka Prefectural UniversitySharpSumitomo Chemical Ind.Thoshiba Central ResearchTorayToshiba

Thailand

Submicron (SMT)

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This manual has been collated to assistin the design and installation of a highpurity piping system in the semiconductorindustry. There is a growing need in thesemiconductor, pharmaceutical andchemical industry today for improvedplastic products. As the industries haveexpanded and technology has becomemore complicated, the quality of highpurity piping systems has become morecritical than ever.The latest designs of high purity pipingand semi-finished plastic components onthe market today have been influencedand re-engineered to meet these growingdemands. Changes in quality have affectedresin production, extrusion and moldingtechniques as well as the weldingtechnology.PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) hasbecome the leading material for ultra purewater (UPW) distribution systems due toits level of purity, surface finish andtemperature/pressure capabilities. Highpurity PVDF piping suppliers haveredesigned their systems to satisfy theneeds of UPW users.In addition to PVDF, alternative materialsare becoming more popular due to theirunique application features.Polypropylene and ECTFE (kown ashalar) are now being utilized in manyareas because of their high-purityadvantages.

As the semiconductor industry searchesfor new ways to reduce costs, the use ofPP is coming into practice in areas thatare less critical, such as DI return lines.Halar, a higher grade material than PVDFis also being recommended in criticalareas where particle control is essential,due to its ultra smooth surface finish.Halar is also utilized over PVDF in tanklining applications since it is moreflexible.AGRU is a major supplier of high purityproducts. We have been involved inUPW systems for over 15 years and weare dedicated to it. In the last 10 yearsAGRU has modified and enlarged itsproduct line to meet the continuous newdemands of these industries. Our productsmeet and exceed the requirements of endusers. In addition we are committed towork with the industries and continuallyimprove our products in terms of quality,cost effectiveness and ease of installation.

AGRU is a leading manufacturer of highpurity piping systems. As one of the firstmanufacturers on the market we have the

AGRUCompetence and

Experience experience and knowledge necessary tosupport this fast developing industry. Ofparticular importance in this marketsegment are the welding techniques.For this reason AGRU has developed itsown line of specialized weldingequipment. The specific requirements ofa high purity installation are for beyondthat of conventional equipment.

For all these important factors, you willfind a comprehensive description for thecalculation and design of piping systemsas well as the supply program in thiscatalogue. Also an interavtive CD-ROMabout the products of the company AGRUis available on request.

As AGRU is dedicated to thesemiconductor market we welcomesuggestions for improvements to betterprovide enhanced features for ourcustomers.

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Section I:Materials

GeneralDue to the variety of requirements and application, AGRU provides different material choices for each application in the semiconductor,pharmaceutical and chemical industry.

Table 1: Material / Application

PVDF ECTFE PP-greyPolyvinylidene fluoride is a thermoplasticwith excellent processing, forming andwelding properties. The PVDF resin isan extremely pure polymer which containsno stabilizers (anti-UV, thermal, etc),plasticizers, lubricants or flame-retardantadditives.

PVDF is recognized by its high mecha-nical resistance and its chemical properties,even at higher temperatures.

AGRU PVDF pipes, fittings and semi-finished products are used to meet theparticular needs of the chemical,pharmaceutical, food and nuclear indu-stries.

Ethylenchlortrifluorethylene is athermoplastic fluoro-polymer with a uniquechemical structure - a copolymer with achanging order of ethylene andchlortrifuoroethylene. The ECTFE resin isalso an extremely pure polymer which containsno stabilizers (anti-UV, thermal, etc),plasticizers, lubricants or flame-retardantadditives.

ECTFE offers many advantages with itssuperior chemical resistance and temperaturecapabilities it is excellent for toughdemanding applications where othermaterials would fail. The incre-dible surfacefinish makes it ideal for semiconductorapplications.

AGRU ECTFE-pipes, -fittings andsemifinished products are mainly used in thefield of the chemical industry for processsystems and tank linings. How ever, newrequirements are increasing the opportunitiesfor ECTFE usage.

Polypropylene is a thermoplasticwhich distinguishes itselfs with a lowspecific weight and also by excellentprocessibility, weldability and forma-bility.

PP-grey is a material which containsadditives (e.g.processing stabilizersand colour pigments) but noplasticizers. PP is recognized by itshigh mechanical strength, very goodchemical resistance and its physio-logical non-toxicity.Therefore, PP is especially suitablefor applications in the chemicalindustry and semiconductor industryfor UPW-systems, where greatdemands are made on the chemicalresistance.

PP is also being substituted for PVDFin less critical UPW-systems.

Material chemical max. recommended ranges of applicationindication application temperature

PVDF 120 °C / 248 °F piping: - cold and hot UPW distribution- polishing system- cleanroom loop system- Hook up system- Reclaim system- Drain / waste system- Chemical distribution system

ECTFE 120 °C / 248 °F Distribution systems in process equipments(e.g. wet chemical cleaning equipment)

semifinished products:Lining of UPW storage tanksLining of chemical storage tanksTank constructionApparatusmachined components (e.g. pump parts)

PP-grey 95 °C / 203 °F piping: cold and hot UPW distribution in- return system

HP-water distribution systemReclaim systemDrain / waste systemReclaim systemVentilation systems (Duct work)

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Section I:Materials

** PVDF is not suitable for the application in connection to UV-sterilizers with awavelength of 184 nanometer. In the case of direct radiation, it is recommendedto use a stainless-steel diaphragm-valve or a 90° bend at the connection points toreflect the UV-light.

BTU-inhr-ft2-°F

Property Test standard Unit PVDF PP-grey * ECTFE

Density DIN 53479 g/cm3 1,78 0,91 1,68ASTM D 792 lb/ft3 111,1 56,6 104,9ISO/R 1183

MFI DIN 53735 g/10 min

190/5 - 0,50 --230/2,16 4-27 0,30 --275/2,16 - - 3,0÷6,0

Tensile stress at yield DIN 53455 N/mm2 55 25 31psi 7975 3625 4495

Elongation at yield ISO/R 527 % 7 12 10Ultimate strength DIN 53495 N/mm2 45 40 50

ISO/R 527 psi 6525 5800 7250ASTM D638

Elongation at break DIN 53455 % 30 50 200ASTM D 638

E-modulus (tensile test) DIN 53457 N/mm2 2400 750 1675ISO 178 psi 348000 108750 242875ASTM D 1708

E-modulus (bending test) DIN 53457 N/mm2 2000 700 1700ASTM D 790 psi 290000 101500 246500

Impact strength notched DIN 53453 kJ/m2 11,7 20 no fractureacc. Charpy ISO 179/2C

Cristalline melting point DIN 53736 °C 177 150-154 240°F 350 302-309 464

Linear expansion coefficient DIN 53453 1/K 1,2x10-4 1,5x10-4 1x10-4

Thermal conductivity DIN 52612 W/mK 0,19 0,24 0,1620°C ÷ 150°C TMA 1,29 1,63 1,09

ASTM D 177Volume resistance DIN 53482 OHM cm 5 x 1014 > 1016 > 1015

ASTM D 177IEC Publ.93

Physiologically non-toxic Yes Yes YesFDA Yes No in preparationAbrasion resistance DIN 53754 mg/100 0,5-1 13,6 0,8

cyclesWeldability Yes Yes Yes

Surface quality DIN 4768(roughness Ra)Ø 20 - 225 mm (½"÷9") for pipes µm/µin < 0,25/9,9 < 1,5/59,1 < 0,25/9,9Ø 250 - 315 mm (10"÷12") for pipes µm/µin < 0,50/19,8 < 1,5/59,1 < 0,50/19,8Machined fittings µm/µin < 1,0/39,4 < 1,0/39,4 < 1,0/39,4Surface quality Micropores SEM < 1 micron < 1 micron < 1 micronMicroscope 1000x magnificationØ 20 - 315 mm (½"÷12")UV-resistance ** -- resistant ** not resistant

resistant

Table 2: Physical properties

The values in the tables are to be consideredas average values.

* values given for PPR

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Section I: Materials

Conversion factorsSI-Units to ASTM-Units

T(°F)= 1,8 x T(°C) +32

psi= 145,04 x (N/mm2)

Creep modulus of ECTFE at 135°C/ 275°F

Mechanical properties

Creep modulus of PVDF for 1 year inrelation to working temperature(σ

v = 10 N/mm²)

Creep modulus of PP-grey* for 10 years inrelation to working temperature

* values given for PPH

begin

ning

of ag

eing

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Growth ofMicroorganisms

PVDFThe surface of PVDF componentsprevents the proliferation ofmicroorganisms - similar to the surfaceof glass. This conclusion is the result ofan inquest carried out for SOLVAY at the"Centre d'Enseignement et de Recher-ches des Industries Alimentaires etChimiques" (CERIA in Brussels)(analysis no. 284.321 dated the 14thMay, 1974).Due to the properties of PVDF, it issuitable for the food (e. g. in dairies), andpharmaceutical industries (e. g. for thesterilizable precision dosing pipettes) aswell as for ultra-pure water applicationsin the semi-conductor industry.

ECTFEECTFEECTFEECTFEECTFEThe surface of a ECTFE componentsprevents the proliferation of micro-organisms - similar to the surface ofglass. This conclusion is the result ofresearch which has been executed withinthe framework of the HP-suitability ofECTFE.Due to the properties of ECTFE it isapplied in the food stuff industry and forultra-pure water applications.

PP-greyPP-greyPP-greyPP-greyPP-greyThe surface of a PP products prevents theproliferation of microorganisms - similarto the surface of glass.Due to these properties PP is applied inthe semiconductor industry for ultra-purewater application.

Section I:Materials Chemical resistance

PVDFPVDF has an outstanding resistance tomost inorganic and organic acids,oxidizing media, aliphatic and aromatichydrocarbons, alcohols and halogenatedsolvents. It is resistant to halogens - inparticular bromine (but not fluorine) - andto week bases. It is degraded by fumingsulphuric acid, some strong basic amines,concentrated and hot alkalis as well asalkaline metals. It swells in highpolarsolvents, for example, acetone and ethylacetate. It is also sligthly soluble inaphrotic solvents, for example,dimethylformamide and dimetyl-sulphoxide.

ECTFEECTFE has remarkable resistance tomost inorganic and organic chemicals aswell as to solvents. Up to now, nosolvent, which attacts ECTFE under120°C or which causes cracks, is known.Only contact with chlorinated solventsresults in a slight swelling.ECTFE should not be used for meltedalkaline metals or hot amines (e.g aniline,dimetylamine).An essential advantages in comparison toother thermoplastic is the chemicalresistance of ECTFE against chlorine andchlorine connections especially at hightemperatures.

PP-greyPP resists non-oxidating acids even athigher temperatures, whereas it is quicklydestroyed by oxidizing acids. PP is alsoresistent against alkalies like causticsoda. Some media may cause stresscracking especially with mechanicalstresses being applied at the same time(e.g. surfactants).

For further chemical information please check the chemical resistance tables.(available in the technical information catalogues of AGRU or contact our technicaldepartment for clarification).

Physical Properties

ECTFEECTFE is suitable for the safe applicationof products in continuous contact withfood stuff according to "BGA Deutsch-land".To avoid any influence of smell and tasteit is recommended to clean ECTFE,which is in contact with the food, withwater.An approval according to "FDA" is inpreparation.

PVDFPVDF is suitable for the safe applicationof products for continuous contact withfood stuffs according to "Title 21, Codeof Regulations (USA) Chapter 1, part177.2510".PVDF is permitted for use in theprocessing and storage installations ofthe "US-Department of Agriculture(USDA)".PVDF corresponds also to the criteria ofthe "3-A Sanitary Standards for Multi-ple-Use Plastic Materials Used as ProductContact Surfaces for Dairy Equipment,Serial No. 2000".

PP-greyWith respect to its composition, Polypro-pylene complies with the relevant foodstuff regulations (according ÖNORM B5014, Part 1, FDA, BGA, KTWguidelines).

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Section I:Materials

Surface roughness

Surface roughness can have a significantinfluence upon the quality of the conveyedmedia.The smooth surface on AGRU HP-components are achieved by applicationof specially designed and designatedmanufacturing equipment and tooling.Also the use of special tooling materialand the mirror finish of the tools used forinjection moulding and extrusion have asignificant influence upon the surfacequality of the finished product. AGRU isconsistantly monitoring the surfacequality during production of the HP-components, whereby surface roughness(Ra-values) and Micropores are measured.These tests which are performed on astatistical basis provides an excellentindication of the quality of themanufacturing process.Beside this consistant control surfaceanalyses in accordance with SEMATECH9201055 B (SEM) and interferentialmicroscopy are performed in specialisedexternal labs.

SEM pictures of pipe inner surface

PVDF ECTFE PP-grey

This intensive test program ensuresthat AGRU HP-components meets therequired specification

Statistic Ra [µµµµµm] values of pipe surface roughness

Interferential microscopy of a PVDF pipe inner surface

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

[ µm

]

axial

radial

1995 1996 1997 1998

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Section I:Materials Leach out behaviour

Many factors of an UPW piping systemcan influence the quality of the water.This article is aimed at the affects ofleach out rate on UPW and the manymyths and misconceptions about testmethology.

Over the past 8 years, AGRU hasconcentrated its efforts in testing andverifying the leach out behaviour ofdifferent materials. In addition extensivestudies at various labs and institutes havebeen conducted to verify the influence ofleach out due to such factors asmanufacturing processes, installationtechniques and testing methods. Thesestudies which continue to go on verifythat leach out testing is greatly influencedby:

- testing environment (only chemicalcleaned class 1 cleanrooms areacceptable)

- testing equipment (detection limits)- sample preparation- sampling method- sample design / volume- analytical interpretation- temperature

Existing industry testing standards andspecifications do not provide test datathat allows for comparative analysis tobe conducted. For this reason, usersshould request detailed informationabout the test procedures and sample setup before comparing published test data.

On the international market there are twocommonly utilized test standardsavailable:

- SEMATECH ...- Japanese (UCT) test method

The test methodology of these standardsare completely different and therefore, acomparison of data is not accurate. Forcomponent testing the method is thestatic leach out test. If the test conditionsare similar, the test provides comparativedata to verify the quality levels ofproducts and materials. In the tables (page17-22) results of static leach out testsacc. to the different standards for differentmaterials are shown.

In practical installations, the leach outbehaviour is much lower than in staticleach out behaviour shows, since leachout is influenced by the surface contacttime of the UPW. The surface contacttime in a dynamic system is dependantupon the volume of water and therefore,pipe dimension and velocity are majorfactors. Dynamic leach out values aretherefore the most important factors forchosing the right pipe system for UPW-supply.

By extrapolation of static leach outvalues, theoretical dynamic leach outlevels can be calculated for a pipingsystem. A conversion formula is givenbelow.

AGRU can also provide computerprograms for the conversion of static leachout values to dynamic leach out valuesby consideration of the influencingparameters such as pipe length, pipediameters and velocity. Dynamic leachout studies as well as measurementsobtained from installed UPW-systemshave proven the applied calculationmethods.

Conversion formular for static leach out valuesto theoretical dynamic leach out values (TDC).

Cidynamic

=4 Ci

static. l

Rohr

di . v . t

Cistatic

.... actual static leach out values of appliedmaterial [µg/m2] (please use the givenleach out value according the tablepage 17 )

Cidynamic

.... dynamic leach out values [µg/m3]lRohr

... pipe length [m]di ... inside diameter of component [m]v.... fluid velocity [m/sec]t .... rinsing time [sec]

.

These formula can be used for the calculation of theoretical dynamic leach out values which can be achieved after 7 days by usingfor Ci

static the 7 day leach out data according page 17.

For the determination of the rinsing time a rinsing curve has to be calculated which can be achieved by using static leach out valuestested for different periods (e.g. 1 day, 7 days, 30 days). The Ci

static values for 1 day and 30 days are available on request.

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Contact Butt FusionInternal bead form can influence bacteriageneration !

Leach out behaviour is generally notinfluenced by the welding method as longit is performed under clean conditions.This has been verified on welded samplesdone by the following methods:

- Butt-fusion- Non-contact butt welding (IR)- HPF-welding (Beadless fusion)

The generation of particles and bacteriascan be influenced by the bead formation,but not by the beadsize. The bead size canhowever influence the pressure loss in thesystem.

Non Contact Butt Fusion or HPFInternal bead form or welding systemprovides no influence to bacteria generation!

Table 3: Test data are measured after first rinse of the loop-system

Section I:Materials

welding in cleanroom class 100 with nitrogenpurge of the componentswelding in cleanroom class 100welding outside of the cleanroom

[ppt]

Recent studies have also clearly shown that a major contributory influence to short-term dynamic leach out behaviour is theinstallation method. Utilizing similar HP-PVDF components, a dynamic test was conducted on 3 different installation environmentsto compare rinse down times. The setups were as follows

1.) welding in cleanroom class 100 with nitrogen purge of the components2.) welding in cleanroom class 1003.) welding outside the cleanroom

As table 4 indicates, enhanced results were achieved when improved installation environments were employed. In particular,nitrogen purging of the lines during welding process has shown a significant difference in the rinsing time.

23

1

Conclusion:

a. Static leach out test results are onlycomparable when the test proced-ure is identical in all aspects.

b. Static leach out test results are onlycomparative values and as such arenot practically applicable for adynamic system.

c. Calculation of dynamic leach outbehaviour is possible as shown onpage 14.

d. Installation and handling ofproducts on site have a majorinfluence to the cleaniness of aUPW-system (rinse time, purity).

1

2

3

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Section I:Materials

Static leach out behaviorTested accordingSEMASPECNo #92010936 B-STDNo #92010934 B-STD

Sample discription:Sample preparation inclass 10.000 environment

Test was performed in class 1

Soak time

Anion analyses by IC withsuppressed conductivity andpreconcentration unit( Release values are notified )

Transition metals + Cation analysesby IC with suppressed conductivityand postcolumn derivation withPAR.( Release values are notified )

7 days at 20°C (68°F) PVDFPipe sample(to be tested)

UPW(18,2 MΩΩΩΩΩcm)

L = 4

D

D

PVDF-cap

.

.

.

.PVDF-cap

Precleaning of the sample withUPW according

SEMASPEC.

General Information

On the international market different testmethods for leach out behavior are beingused . The different test methods areprovide different test results, which arenot comparable. For better identificationand qualification all Agru high puritysystems have been tested according tovalid international standards.

Leach out behavior

Laminar Flow

Samples

class 1

activated carbon filter

Cleanroom test set up

Table 4: Test procedure

Analytical equipment

Sample setup for static leach out test

TOC analyses by TAC-502P system

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Source of datas: Meissner+Wurst / Germany 1997

Section I:Materials Static leach out behavior for 7 days according SEMASPEC-standard

Table 5:

Discription Unit Test temperature 20°C (68°F) PVDF PVDF ** ECTFE PP-R PP-H

HPF- System

* actual value below detection limit of analysing equipment

Leach out data for HotUPW is available uponrequest

** These tests are performed with HPF welded components

Anions:

Fluoride µg/m2 1466 1777 191 1,4* 13

Chloride µg/m2 7,41 5,18 10,37 2,96 4,44

Nitrite µg/m2

1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48*

Bromide µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48*

Nitrate µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 6,66 1,48* 1,48*

Phosphate µg/m2 2,96* 2,96* 2,96* 2,96* 2,96*

Sulphate µg/m2 2,96 2,96 8,88 1,48* 1,48*

Cations:

Lithium µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48*

Sodium µg/m2 1,48 1,48* 2,93 5,92 29,62

Ammonium µg/m2 2,96 2,96 2,93 7,41 7,4

Potassium µg/m2 1,48 1,48 1,48 1,48 22,22

Magnesium µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 4,44 13,33 37,03

Calcium µg/m2 3,7 3,7 4,44 13,33 32,59

Transition metals:

Fe 3+ µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 2,96 4,44

Cu µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48*

Ni µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48*

Zn µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 4,44 13,33

Co µg/m2 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 1,48* 2,22

TOC:

µg/m2

260 260 in preparation

Anion analyses by ICwith suppressedconductivity andpreconcentration unit (Release values arenotified )

Transition metals +Cation analysesby IC with suppressedconductivityand p o s t c o l u m nderivation with

PAR. ( Releasevalues are notified )

TOC analyses byTAC-502P system

Transition metals +Cation analysesby IC with suppressedconductivityand p o s t c o l u m nderivation with

PAR. ( Releasevalues are notified )

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Section I:Materials


Heater(electric)

Conditioningwater supply

Static leach out behavior (Tested according Japanese method)

Sample preperation in class 10.000 environment

Pre-cleaning of test pipe

A teflon tube for supplying ultrapurewater is inserted into the bottom of thepipe, and then pre-cleaning is made in thepipe with ultrapure water (20°C/68°F) forone hour.

Cleaning of the end-cap on the top of the pipe

Prior to starting the test, the cap is soakedin 80°C/176°F ultrapure water for fivehours.

Filling of test pipe with ultrapure water

The test pipe is filled with ultrapure waterto the level of 50mm from the top of thepipe end.After this the space at the top of the pipeis filled with N

2 gas and capped.

Sample discription

L =

1 m

UPW

D=32 mm

Pipe sample(to be tested)

End cap

End cap

Test equipment:

The tank is equipped with an electricheater designed for the temperature of80°C/176°F. The top of the tank ispurged with N

2 gas.

DI-waterTest sample

Conditioningwater

N2-purge

Stainlesssteel tank

Test conditions

Temperature: 20°C and 80°CSampling periods: 1st day,

2nd-7th days8th-30th days

1 2 30

7 ---------------------------------------------------

1st analysis 2nd analysis 3rd analysis(change of (change of

UPW) UPW)

-----------------

Sampling periods (scheme)

Tests are repeatedly made by using thesame pipe.Analyses are made three times, and theultrapure water is changed after 1st and2nd analysis.

Analyse method

Under the same conditions, 2 pieces eachof the respective material were analyzed.After subtracting outlying observationfrom the analyzed values, the averagevalues are calculated, which were convertedinto the unit of µg/m².day.

The values are leach out results, andindicate the quality of leach out per squaremeter inside of the pipe per day

.

.

.

.

Leach out behavior

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Section I:Materials Leach out behavior

Table 7: analysed elements on different material types

Analyzed Storage timeelements sampling period PVDF PP-grey ECTFE

[day] [µg/m².day] [µg/m².day] [µg/m².day]

TOC 1 66 71 732 ÷ 7 40 23 358 ÷ 30 26 20 34

Silica 1 < 20 < 19 < 202 ÷ 7 < 3,0 < 3,0 < 3,08 ÷ 30 < 0,9 < 0,8 < 0,9

Na 1 0,30 2,4 < 0,332 ÷ 7 0,05 1,1 < 0,058 ÷ 30 0,01 0,11 < 0,01

K 1 < 0,70 < 0,65 < 0,662 ÷ 7 0,10 < 0,11 < 0,118 ÷ 30 < 0,03 < 0,03 < 0,03

Ca 1 < 1,3 2,9 < 1,32 ÷ 7 0,35 0,41 < 0,228 ÷ 30 0,06 < 0,06 < 0,06

Fe 1 < 1,30 < 1,3 < 1,32 ÷ 7 < 0,20 0,22 < 0,228 ÷ 30 < 0,07 0,06 < 0,13

Mg 1 < 0,70 5,1 < 0,662 ÷ 7 < 0,10 0,70 0,118 ÷ 30 < 0,03 < 0,38 0,03

Sn 1 < 10 < 9,7 < 9,92 ÷ 7 < 2 < 1,6 < 1,68 ÷ 30 < 0,40 < 0,42 < 0,43

F- 1 < 120 < 6,5 662 ÷ 7 71 < 1,1 698 ÷ 30 65 < 0,3 52

Cl- 1 < 7 < 6,5 < 6,62 ÷ 7 < 1 < 1,1 < 1,18 ÷ 30 < 0,3 < 0,28 < 0,29

So42- 1 - 84 < 6,6

2 ÷ 7 - 24 < 1,18 ÷ 30 - 1,4 < 0,29

Converted values

Test temperature 20°C (68°F)

Source:Nomura Labs / Japan 1991

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Section I:Materials

Source:Nomura Labs / Japan 1991

Table 8: analysed elements on different material types

Analyzed Storage timeelements sampling period PVDF PP-grey ECTFE

[day] [µg/m².day] [µg/m².day] [µg/m².day]

Converted values

Test temperature 80°C (176°F)

TOC 1 6500 7100 150002 ÷ 7 3400 2800 98008 ÷ 30 1600 1200 1600

Silica 1 < 20 < 19 <202 ÷ 7 < 3,0 < 3,0 < 3,08 ÷ 30 < 0,9 < 0,8 < 0,9

Na 1 1,6 21 3,22 ÷ 7 0,43 3,8 0,268 ÷ 30 0,16 0,7 0,05

K 1 1,5 0,90 < 0,662 ÷ 7 0,12 < 0,11 < 0,118 ÷ 30 < 0,03 < 0,03 < 0,03

Ca 1 7,3 8,4 2,12 ÷ 7 0,37 0,40 0,328 ÷ 30 < 0,06 0,09 < 0,06

Fe 1 6,6 2,2 7,32 ÷ 7 0,76 0,48 1,38 ÷ 30 0,09 0,59 0,39

Mg 1 1,3 40 < 0,662 ÷ 7 < 0,1 5,5 0,188 ÷ 30 < 0,03 2,3 0,04

Sn 1 < 10 < 9,7 < 9,92 ÷ 7 < 2,0 < 1,6 < 1,68 ÷ 30 < 0,4 < 0,42 < 0,43

F- 1 6600 < 6,5 30002 ÷ 7 4200 < 1,1 9808 ÷ 30 1100 < 0,28 270

Cl- 1 < 66 33 862 ÷ 7 < 11 10 478 ÷ 30 6,3 2,6 12

So42- 1 - 360 12

2 ÷ 7 - 1,3 4,68 ÷ 30 - 1,2 1,3

Leach out behavior

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Section I:Materials


5

4

1

3 2

9

7

6

8

Test conditions

Test temperatures:20°C / 68°F

90°C / 194°F

Test loop discription

Material: PVDFDimension: 50 x 3,0 (PN16)

Precleaning

- Circulating 50 l UPW/ EG IPA (50/50) at 65°C for 2 Hours - Rinsing with 50 l solution of 45 l UPW + 5 l EG H

2O

2 (30%)

circulated for 2 hours and left to stand overnight - Rinsing with 50 l solution of 45 l UPW ( 50 l- 2 hours)

1

2

3

4 PVDF PALL 0,1µµµµµm FILTER

5 PVDF HP VALVES

6

7

8

9

Test loop description

PVDF PUMP

VITREOSIL SLEEVED IMMERSION HEATERS

SOLID PVDF TANK PVDF AGRU HP-REDUCERS

PVDF AGRUINSTRUMENTATION HP-FITTING

PVDF AGRU HP-FITTINGS

PVDF AGRU HP-PIPES

Dynamic leach out behaviorTested according to Plessey (UK) Procedure

Leach out behavior

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Section I:Materials

Na K Zn Fe Al Si Ni Ca Sn[ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw]

CATIONS

Table 10: Analysed results

COLD RINSE ND ND 0,02 ND <0,2 <1 <0,2 ND <0,2

RINSE 1 ND 0,57 0,13 <0,05 ND <0,1 ND 1,04 <0,2 RINSE 10 0,25 ND 0 <0,01 <0,2 ND <0,2 ND <0,2 RINSE 15 0,02 ND <0,14 <0,05 <0,2 <1 <0,2 0,14 <0,2 RINSE 20 0,16 1,27 ND ND <0,2 <1 <0,2 1,04 <0,2 RINSE 21 ND ND ND ND <0,2 <1 <0,2 ND <0,2

TOC F Cl NO2 Br NO3 HPO4 SO4

[ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw] [ppbw]

RINSE 1 102 7,8 0,1 <0,1 <0,2 1 0,9 2,5 RINSE 10 28 10,7 0,65 <0,1 <0,2 0,8 0,5 3,45 RINSE 15 25 9 0,3 <0,1 <0,2 0,1 0,4 1,2 RINSE 20 28 5,5 0,25 <0,1 <0,2 >0,24 0,5 0,3 RINSE 21 10 2,8 0,75 <0,1 <0,2 0,05 0 0,5

COLD RINSE - 0,25 0,2 <0,1 <0,2 0 0,55 0,6

TOC + ANIONS

Table 11: Analysed results

Leach out behavior

Particles analysed method:- PMS HSLM50 particle counter capability: registers particles › 0.05 µm in 4 bands › 0.05 µm

› 0.1 µm › 0.15 µm › 0.2 µm

- Sampling ≈ 10 cm upstream of a corner loop

TOC analysed method:Dohrman DC 80 + waters diode arrayHPLC using radially compressedC-18 microbonder columns

Anions / cations analysed method:Anion: water 11 C ion /liquid

chromatopraphCations: thermo jarrel ASH

Graphite furnace atomicabsorption (GFAAS) withfastac accessory sampledeposition

Viable bacteria analysed method:100 cm3 of water analyzed using amillipore milliflex bacteria growth system

Analysis methods

- continuous monitoring for particle detection- TOC, anions, cations: rinses 1-10-15-21- viable bacteria + organic species detectable by HPLC on rinses 1-10-21- SEM exams + roughness profile of the inside surface of the piping before and after the test program

20°C

/68°F

90°C

/194°

F

ND....NOT DETECTABLESOURCE: Plessey report 1992

20°C

/68°F

90°C

/194°

F

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Section II:High PurityComponentProduction

ECTFE and PP are manufactured understandard environment conditions ondesignated equipment. The raw materialis specially packed for transport to Agru.

The virgin PVDF raw material ismanufactured under clean conditions onspecially designated equipment (class10.000 environment). Pelletizing andpackaging of the materials are performedunder class 10.000 conditions. ThePVDF-HP raw material is speciallypacked for transport to Agru.

Raw material production

X

QC

POLYMERISATION+

DEGASSING+

STRIPPING

XQC

RINSING/CLEANING

X

DRYING X X

QCSILO

X

QC

XQC

QC

QC

RAW MATERIAL (chemical)

PELLETIZING OFRAW MATERIAL

PACKAGING OFRAW MATERIALQC ... Quality control

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Pipe production

PVDF / ECTFEPipe production techniques and facilitiesare dependent on the material beingextruded. Agru piping is produced fromvirgin PVDF or ECTFE raw material.PVDF and ECTFE-piping in thedimensional range from 16 ÷ 315 mm (3/8" ÷ 12") are manufactured in a class 100/1000 cleanroom, on dedicated extrusionequipment. The pipes are producedstressfree (patented method).

PP-greyPP-grey pipes are extruded out of virginPP-grey raw material on specificdesignated equipment. The manufacturingfor the dimensional range 20 ÷ 400 mm(1/2" ÷ 16") is performed under standardenvironmental conditions.

Packaging of pipes

Semifinished products(sheets, round bars)

Semifinished products out of virgin rawmaterial are manufactured in the standardproduction area, on specially designatedequipment.Sheets are manufactured with a protectionfilm on both sides and packaged afterwardsinto an HDPE-film. Round bars arepackaged into HDPE-films directly afterproduction.

PP-greyPP-grey, pipes are cleaned and packagedafter the production in cleanroom class10.000 conditions. The pipes are packagedto avoid contamination and/or damageduring shipment.

PVDF / ECTFEAll pipes are immediately packed afterproduction in a cleanroom class 100.Pipes are sealed on each end with a PEfilm and PE cap. The pipe is then sleevedin the PE and heat sealed on each end.Pipes are shipped in rigid PE tubes whichare non-particle generating and resistantto moisture and impacts.


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PP-grey, fittings and valves aremanufactured out of PP-grey raw materialin the standard production area ondesignated injection mouldingequipment.

Fitting and Valveproduction

Fitting and valve production techniquesand facilities are dependent on the materialsto be molded. PVDF- and ECTFE-fittings and valves are produced ondedicated molding machines using virginPVDF or ECTFE in a cleanroom class100 environment. For PVDF andECTFE specialized molds are utilized toprovide the required surface quality.

Machining of molded components isnecessary to remove sprues and finishsealing surfaces on items such as unionsor stub ends.After machining, all HP fittings arecleaned in an automatizised cleaningfacility. The cleaning process is performedin a cleanroom class 100 environment.The process is fully automated.

In the cleaning facility, the fittings andvalves are rinsed for a minimum of 60minutes with UPW (quality: TOC < 10ppb and conductivity > 18 MΩ at elevatedtemperature > 70°C). After drying withhot clean-air (class 100) and 100%inspection, the valves are assemblied andall fittings and valves are double packagedunder a cleanroom class 100 environment.


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For many years AGRU products havebeen utilized in fields of applicationwhere safety regulations are of paramountimportance (e.g. gas- supply, chemicalindustry and semiconductor industries).AGRU has long since identified theimportance of a quality assurance systemand has implemented it in the companiesactivities. Therefore the leading principleof our quality policy is the fulfilment ofcustomer requirements exceeding thespecifications in the relevant productstandards. In addition to the usualtechnical criteria for our products thefulfilfment of the expectations of ourcustomers regarding technial service,delivery dates, advice and - "last but notleast" - price is an objective defined inthe AGRU-quality policy.

To realize these demands it calls forresponsible, competent and busyemployees. Therefore we attach thegreatest importance to the training andfurther education of AGRU-staff andpersonal responsibility of each employeeis greatly emphasised.

In order to be able to document thestandard of our quality assurance system

Section III: Quality

Management

Quality Management System according to ISO 9001

outwardly and to show a comparableinternational level, we have subjectedour QM-system to certificationaccording to ISO 9001.

This system includes all company areasand specifies all intemal procedures andresponsibilities. Each employee isobliged to make a contribution to theseprincipies for the purposes of the companyquality policy.

Furthermore, our suppliers and partnersare included in the quality managementsystem. We also expect a certifiedquality system from these companies.In the course of the supplier's assessment,the commercial and technical servicesare reviewed regularly and discussed inorder to achieve a continuous increase ofthe quality standard.Quality assurance of our products beginsin the design stage, where the serviceconditions are simulated by means ofnew construction technologies, so thatthe design of our products will beoptimized. Before the marketintroduction of a product all tests asdefined in the performance specificationare verified in order to ensure the long-

term suitability in practice.

An important part of the qualitymanagement system is internal audits.

Areas for improvements as well ascorrective actions are identified andactioned as a result of internalcomplaints. Within the scope of theseaudits the personal objectives of eachemployee with regard to the quality ofthe products service are clearly defined.The certification of our qualitymanagement system according to ISO9001 is acknowledged independentcertification authorities. This guaranteesthat the system is regularly reviewed byobjective auditors annualy. Thereby, theprogress regarding the developement ofthe quality system is also documented.The issue of the IQ-Net certificateensures that the certified AGRU-qualitymanagement system is also comparableand accepted on an international basis.

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ManagementTest criteria for HP-products:

Incoming control of the rawmaterial- melt flow index- density- color index- purity

Production control- dimensions- color- markings- surface quality- packaging- X-ray test

Quality control- dimensions- marking- colour- surface quality- packaging- X-ray test- MFI-semifinished product- internal pressure test- impact test- heat reversion

All test results are documented. Bymeans of a batch marking it is possibleto trace all processing and test data fromthe raw material to the delivery of finalproduct.

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AGRU has always had a major role inthe development and implemen-tationof new testing technologies. E.g. Aregular X-ray-control of our fittings isperformed. We also have a fullyautomatic measurement and testingsystem for the performance of tensiletests on liners and sheets. With ourstandard process of thermo-analysis onour materials, we are able to determinethe quality of our products exactly,beyond the existing standards.The internal tests include the incomingcontrol of all raw materials and additio-nal products as well as the end controlof the parts prior to release for delivery.This release is only made if all theprescribed tests in production and thelaboratory have proved that this productcorresponds to the relevant standards orour own chosen quality criteria. Allmeasure-ment and test equipment isregularily controlled and calibrated. Toverify the results obtained from our testequipment, independent accredited testinstitutes perform regular analysis onour products.

In the past quality was assessed by ahigh level of testing and acknow-ledgedstatistic methods. With the introductionof the ISO 9000 series as an internationalstandard for quality management systemsthe main emphasis was placed upon theprinciple of "avoidance of faults". Thisrequires fully qualified and responsibleemployees to review their own workregularly (this involves theadministration as well as the production)and that they are responsible formaintaining the quality criteria.Due to the provisions in the productstandards, the testing of products by aquality authority (independent of theproduction department), is an essentialpart of the AGRU-quality assurancesystem.

All properties and requirements of ourproducts are specified in the AGRU-works standard. Within the scope ofthe intemal control, these requirementsare verified by means of regular tests andreviews. At the same time, thelaboratory staff takes from eachproduction series a representative testquantity for further mechanical andphysical tests according to the relevantstandards and guidelines. Most of thetests for the high purity products areperformed in the clean room area class100.


Management

Internal Control

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As previously mentioned AGRU's earlyidentification on the need for fulltraceability to be achieved within itsquality system, has resulted in thecontinual result of a perfect system forproduct marking and documen-tation.On every AGRU-product, you will finda multi-digit serial number where (incoded form) all information about thehistory of this product is retained. If weknow this serial number - which is alsostated on the works certificate - allinformation about the date of production,machine number, material and batch aswell as the individual elements of intenalcontrol can be documented.

WORKS CERTIFICATES

All controls and tests are documentedand stored in a data system. Thereforeit is possible at any time to issue workscertificates according to EN 10204 foreach production series. With that theuser is able to duplicate all testsperformed on the supplied products.All intemal documents are subjected toa binding obligation of storage, whichexceeds the requirements of legalregulations. Therefore it is ensured thatcomplete traceability to the employedtype of raw material is possible, shouldreview be necessary at some later date.

A further relevant content of the marking on our products is the dimension, together with the determination of the standard allowedoperating pressure for individual applications (e.g. gas or water pipeline). All identification data are also included on the packagingin order to avoid confusion and incorrect application with the customer.


Management

Internal Control

Marking and Documentationof the Products

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In addition to internal controls, regulartests (by independent accredited testinstitutes) on products and internalprocedures are of prime importance. Thisexternal supervision is one element ofproduct approval in individualapplication ranges and countries, wherethe modalities of the external control areregulated in registrations and approvals.Usually, first tests on the AGRU-products are performed to reach theregistration or approval. The approvalis issued and a supervision contract withthe corresponding test institute is signed.All first and external supervisioncontracts are documented in certificatesor test reports and can be presented onrequest.

STANDARDIZATIONWith the experience of many decades inthe manufacture and quality assurance ofour products from high-gradethermoplastics, AGRU must be activein the national and internationalstandardization committees and qualityunions. In our opinion, this is ourobligation to our customers and we areactively working on many committeesof national, European (CEN) andinternational (ISO,SEMI)standardizations. It is also an opportunityfor us to promote our high qualitydemands relevant to the technicalstandard and to thereby limitcomparison to low cost products withinsufficient quality standards which canonly achieve the minimum requirementsdemanded by the technical standard.AGRU’s business commitment is tofulfill and exceed this responsibility. Asa result AGRU can demonstrate that it'sproducts continually achieve higherstandards than those of its competitors.

We continually strive to pass ourexperiences and advances to ourcustomers and the installers of ourproducts in order to increase thecustomer’s satisfaction.

For the approval of the AGRU-HP-products, tests in external labs (interna-tional) are performed on a regular basis:

1. ESCA-AnalysisOn pipes and fittings for the examinationof specific surface purity.

2. Leach-out test - staticFor testing and measuring the leach-outbehaviour of different materials.

3. Leach-out test - dynamicFor testing and measuring the leach-outbehaviour of different materials.

4. Research projectsFor the determination of unknownparameters (such as the influence ofwelding technologies and installationprocedures).

The most essential approvals of the AGRU products are stated in the following table.

Product Country Authority Approval number

PVDF-pipes Germany DIBT PA-VI 771.002Japan Ministary of health- Year 1991

and welfare

PVDF-fittings Germany DIBT PA-VI 772.002Japan Ministary of health- Year 1991

and welfare

PP-pipes Germany DIBT PA-VI 731.003Austria ÖNORM B 5174

PP-fittings Germany DIBT PA-VI 732.003Austria ÖNORM B 5174

a) External test labs for theverification of approvals

b) External tests on specifiedproduct quality

c) Audits by customers


Management

External approval Tests

For all AGRU-products, more than 70different product approvals are available.Do not hesitate to contact us if you needany detailed information andclassification relating to the individualproduct ranges.

Table 12: Approval certifications

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Section IV:Design and

Engineering

General

In designing an HP-system, it is important to understand all the components to be used. Components should be selected basedon their designed function. When choosing components the following should be considered:

See supply program section for available components.

The advantage of utilizing thermoplasticsystems for the transport of UPW is dueto the following conditions:

low weight high chemical resistance corrosion resistance purity level ease of installation

For the selection of the applicable HPsystem for a specific case, please consider.

Application of suitable components

Dead volume has to be avoided by the use of close connected bypass, bleed-through loops and the use of reduceddead-leg components ( e.g. zero-dead-leg (T)-diaphragm valves). Dead leg areas in the piping system shall be< 3 pipe diameters.

The pressure rating of the piping system should be designed with consideration to the permissible system workingpressures (page 34-38)

Use the same pressure ratings for all components in the system Correct dimensions of flange connections and thread unions have to be applied. (ASTM, BSP, JIS...) Instead of tapping the pipes use instrumentation fittings (instrumentation fittings have a reinforcement in theoutlet area) Use only components and material which match the desired welding technique VORTEX - Flow meters can be installed in the supply- and return side of the UPW system for monitoring thecontinuous flow. Blade wheel flow meters can only be installed in the return side of the UPW system. Backflow/back pressure protection shall be included in the system Pumping systems shall include provisions for vibration isolation. For processes requiring pressure control, regulators shall be included in the system. Pay attention, that alternative combinations are used at hard to access locations for welding equipments. (HPF-welding, Sanitary joint fitting, flange connection or union) Generally all combinations of the piping system should be designed for welding. Unions, sanitary joint fittings and

flange connections should be minimized.

In table 1 (page 9), the range of application of the PVDF-HP, ECTFE-HP and PP-greyHP are shown. When designing a piping system the material suitability has to beproven:

Resistance of material against media Temperature resistance of the material (see table 1) Surface quality (see table 2) Available welding techniques Purity of the material (see table 5 ÷ 11) UV resistance Quality of the UPW

Choice of material

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Engineering

Application of suitable and approved welding machines Application of trained and certified welding personnel Consideration of the described welding guidelines (parameters) Performance of the welding process in the cleanroom area Complete control and documentation of the performed welding operations

All PVDF piping for UPW-system shall be IR butt welded or HPF-welded. For thejoining of components, only approved welding machines ( microprocessor controlledeg. UF2000/1 and UF2000/2; or semiautomatic IR-welding machines eg. SP 110 andSP 250) should be used. In general, the following criteria for the welding of thermoplasticpipelines in the HP-area are valid:

Choice of welding method

Accurate determination of thermal expansion or contraction

Suitable Installationenvironment(recommended in class 10.000)

Correct installation andsupport of the pipeline.Use AGRU restrained fittingwith suitable pipe clips (stress-free also during the application)see page 41

Correct hydraulic designof the system(see page 43-45)

Allowable working pressuresfor an installed piping system

Calculation procedureIn order to calculate the respective permissible highest working pressure for theconveyance of water-dangerous fluids, the working pressure as an initial value can befound for the corresponding parameter in the relevant table for permissible systemoperating pressures (valid for water).Then, this operating pressure has to be reduced by the relevant reducing coefficients.

pa

.... allowable working pressure of installed piping system.[bar/psi]

ps

.... System working pressure, valid for water (contains already the C-factor and thelongtherm welding factor f

s )[bar/psi]

fAP

.... Application factorf

AP is an additional reducing factor which results a total safety coefficient of 2,0

at a minimum by multiplication with the C-factors according to ISO (seefollowing table).

fCR

.... Chemical resistance factor according to DVSA

Z.... Reducing factor for the specific tenacity

fs

.... welding factor

pa = [bar]

ps

fAP

. fCR

. AZ

Table 14: Reducing factor AZ

for the specific tenacity at lowtemperatures

Table 13: Application factorsfAP for chemical and criticalliquid piping systems

Material Application factor C factor Total safetyf

AP(acc. to ISO) factor at 20°C

(fAP

. C / fs)

PVDF 1,0 1,6 2,0ECTFE 1,2 1,6 2,4PPH 1,0 1,6 2,0PPR 1,3 1,25 2,0

Material AZ

Reducing factor for a temperature of- 10°C / 14°F 0°C / 32°F 20°C / 68°F

PVDF 1,6 1,4 1,0ECTFE 1,5 1,3 1,0PPH 1,5 1,3 1,0PPR 1,4 1,2 1,0

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Engineering

Table 15: Maximum working pressure for pipes and fittings (media water) [bar]/[psi]

Permissible working pressures for PVDF depending ontemperature and operation periodThe stated values are only valid for water and harmless liquids. These values were determined from the creep curve taking into accounta safety coefficient of C = 1,6 (acc. ISO 12162).

In this table the welding factor fs of 0.8

is not taken into account.

1) These working pressures haveto be reduced by thecorresponding reducing factorsacc. the application of thepiping system.(page 28)

20/68 1 11,2/159,3 17,9/254,5 22,8/324,210 10,8/153,6 17,2/244,6 22,0/312,920 10,7/152,1 17,1/243,2 21,7/308,650 10,6/150,7 17,0/241,7 21,2/301,5

30/86 1 10,2/145,0 16,2/230,4 20,7/294,410 9,7/137,9 15,6/221,8 19,8/281,620 9,6/136,5 15,5/220,4 19,6/278,750 9,5/135,1 15,2/216,1 19,3/274,5

40/104 1 9,0/128,0 14,4/204,8 18,3/260,210 8,7/123,7 13,9/197,7 17,6/250,320 8,6/122,3 13,7/194,8 17,5/248,950 8,5/120,8 13,6/193,4 17,2/244,6

50/122 1 8,0/113,7 12,9/183,4 16,4/233,210 7,7/109,5 12,3/174,9 15,6/221,820 7,6/108,0 12,2/173,5 15,5/220,450 7,5/106,6 12,0/170,6 15,3/217,6

60/140 1 7,1/100,9 11,3/160,7 14,4/204,810 6,8/96,7 10,8/153,6 13,8/196,220 6,6/93,8 10,7/152,1 13,7/194,850 6,5/92,4 10,5/149,3 13,3/189,1

70/158 1 6,2/88,1 9,8/139,3 12,3/174,910 5,9/83,9 9,4/133,7 11,9/169,220 5,5/78,2 8,8/125,1 11,8/167,850 5,4/76,8 8,6/122,3 11,5/163,5

80/176 1 5,4/76,8 8,6/122,3 10,9/155,010 5,1/72,5 8,1/115,2 10,4/147,920 5,0/71,1 8,0/113,7 10,2/145,050 5,0/71,1 7,8/110,9 10,0/142,2

95/203 1 4,2/59,7 6,8/96,7 8,7/123,710 3,9/55,4 6,2/88,1 7,9/112,320 3,2/45,5 5,3/75,3 6,7/95,250 2,6/36,9 4,3/61,1 5,5/78,2

110/230 1 3,3/46,9 5,2/73,9 6,7/95,210 2,1/29,8 3,5/49,7 4,4/62,520 1,8/25,6 2,9/41,2 3,8/54,050 1,4/19,9 2,4/34,1 3,1/44,0

120/248 1 2,5/35,5 4,0/56,8 5,1/72,510 1,4/19,9 2,4/34,1 3,0/42,6

Operating period [years]

Temperature

[°C]/[°F]Permissible system working pressure 1) [bar]/[psi]

SDR 33 SDR 21 SDR 17

S 16 S 10 S 8

PN 10 PN 16 PN 20

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EngineeringThe data in the tables stated applies to water. They were determined from the creep curve taking into account a safety coefficientof C = 1,25 (acc. ISO/DIS 12162) and a long term welding factor f

s of 0,8 (acc. DVS 2205, Part 1).

Permissible system working pressure 1) 2) [bar]/[psi]

10/50 1 5,4/76,8 10,1/143,7 16,8/239,0 27,0/384,05 5,1/72,5 9,5/135,1 15,8/224,7 25,4/361,310 4,9/69,7 9,2/130,9 15,5/220,5 24,8/352,725 4,8/68,3 8,9/126,6 14,9/211,9 24,0/341,450 4,7/66,8 8,7/123,7 14,5/220,5 23,3/331,4

20/68 1 4,6/65,4 8,6/122,3 14,3/203,4 22,9/325,75 4,4/62,6 8,1/115,2 13,6/193,4 21,7/308,610 4,2/59,7 7,9/112,4 13,2/187,7 21,1/300,125 4,1/58,3 7,6/108,1 12,8/182,1 20,4/290,250 4,0/56,9 7,4/105,3 12,4/176,4 19,8/281,6

30/86 1 4,0/56,9 7,3/103,8 12,3/177,8 19,6/278,85 3,6/51,2 6,8/96,7 11,5/163,6 18,4/261,710 3,6/51,2 6,7/95,3 11,1/157,9 17,8/253,225 3,4/48,4 6,4/91,0 10,7/152,2 17,2/244,650 3,3/46,9 6,3/89,6 10,4/147,9 16,8/239,0

40/104 1 3,3/46,9 6,2/88,2 10,4/147,9 16,5/234,75 3,1/44,1 5,8/82,5 9,7/138,0 15,6/221,910 3,0/42,7 5,6/79,6 9,4/133,7 15,2/216,225 2,9/41,3 5,4/76,8 9,1/129,4 14,5/206,250 2,8/39,8 5,2/74,0 8,8/125,2 14,1/200,5

50/122 1 2,8/39,8 5,2/74,0 8,8/125,2 14,0/199,15 2,6/37,0 4,8/68,3 8,1/115,2 13,1/186,310 2,5/35,6 4,8/68,3 7,9/112,4 12,7/180,625 2,4/34,1 4,6/65,4 7,6/108,1 12,3/174,950 2,4/34,1 4,4/62,6 7,4/105,3 11,9/169,3

60/140 1 2,4/34,1 4,4/62,6 7,4/105,3 11,9/169,35 2,2/31,3 4,1/58,3 6,8/96,7 11,0/156,510 2,1/29,9 4,0/56,9 6,6/93,9 10,6/150,825 2,0/28,5 3,8/54,1 6,4/91,0 10,2/145,150 2,0/28,5 3,7/52,6 6,2/88,2 9,9/140,8

70/158 1 2,0/28,5 3,7/52,6 6,2/88,2 9,9/140,85 1,8/25,6 3,4/48,4 5,7/81,1 9,2/130,910 1,7/24,2 3,3/46,9 5,6/79,7 8,8/125,225 1,5/21,3 2,8/39,8 4,7/66,8 7,6/108,150 1,3/18,5 2,4/34,1 4,0/56,9 6,5/92,5

80/176 1 1,6/22,8 3,1/44,1 5,2/74,0 8,4/119,55 1,5/21,3 2,8/39,8 4,6/65,4 7,3/103,810 1,2/17,1 2,3/32,7 3,8/54,1 6,1/86,825 0,9/12,8 1,8/25,6 3,0/42,7 4,8/68,3

95/203 1 1,2/17,1 2,2/31,3 3,6/51,2 5,9/83,95 0,8/11,4 1,5/21,3 2,4/34,1 4,0/56,910 0,6/8,5 1,2/17,1 2,0/28,5 3,2/45,5

SDR 33 SDR 17,6 SDR 11 SDR 7,25

S 16 S 8,3 S 5 S 3,125

PN 3,2 PN 6 PN 10 PN 16

1) These working pressures have to be reduced by the corresponding reducing coefficient for every application.2 ) Working pressures do not apply to pipes exposed to direct UV radiation. Within 10 years of operation this influence may be

neutralized or essentially reduced by adding carbon black, etc. to the molding material.

Temperature Operatingperiod

[°C]/[°F] [years]

Permissible system working pressures for PPR (PP -type 3) depending on temperature and operation period

Table 16: Maximum working pressure for installed piping system (media water)

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Engineering The data in the tables stated applies to water. They were determined from the creep curve taking into account a safety coefficientof C = 1,6 (acc. ISO/DIS 12162) and a long term welding factor f

s of 0,8 (acc. DVS 2205, Part 1).

Permissible system working pressure 1) 2) [bar]/[psi]

10/50 1 4,6/65,4 8,6/122,3 14,4/204,8 23,0/327,15 4,2/59,7 7,9/112,4 13,2/187,7 21,1/300,110 4,1/58,3 7,6/108,1 12,8/182,1 20,4/291,525 3,9/55,5 7,2/102,4 12,1/172,1 19,4/275,950 3,7/52,6 6,9/98,1 11,6/165,0 18,5/263,1

20/68 1 4,0/56,9 7,4/105,3 12,4/176,4 19,8/281,65 3,6/51,2 6,8/96,7 11,4/162,2 18,2/258,910 3,5/49,8 6,6/93,9 11,0/156,5 17,6/250,325 3,3/46,9 6,2/88,2 10,4/147,9 16,6/236,150 3,2/45,5 6,0/85,3 10,0/142,2 16,0/227,6

30/86 1 3,4/48,4 6,4/91,0 10,7/152,2 17,1/243,25 3,1/44,1 5,8/82,5 9,6/136,5 15,5/220,510 2,9/41,3 5,6/79,7 9,2/130,9 14,8/210,525 2,8/39,8 5,2/74,0 8,8/125,2 14,0/199,150 2,7/38,4 5,0/71,1 8,4/119,5 13,4/190,6

40/104 1 2,9/41,3 5,4/76,8 9,1/129,4 14,5/206,25 2,6/37,0 4,9/69,7 8,2/116,6 13,1/186,310 2,4/34,1 4,7/66,8 7,8/110,9 12,4/176,425 2,4/34,1 4,4/62,6 7,3/103,8 11,7/166,450 2,2/31,3 4,2/59,7 7,0/99,6 11,2/159,3

50/122 1 2,4/34,1 4,5/64,0 7,6/108,1 12,1/172,15 2,1/29,9 4,0/56,9 6,8/96,7 10,8/153,610 2,0/28,5 3,9/55,5 6,4/91,0 10,4/147,925 2,0/28,5 3,6/51,2 6,0/85,3 9,7/138,050 1,8/25,6 3,5/49,8 5,8/82,5 9,2/130,9

60/140 1 2,0/28,5 3,7/52,6 6,3/89,6 10,0/142,25 1,8/25,6 3,3/46,9 5,6/79,7 8,9/126,610 1,6/22,8 3,2/45,5 5,2/74,0 8,4/119,525 1,6/22,8 3,0/42,7 5,0/71,1 8,0/113,850 1,5/21,3 2,8/39,8 4,6/65,4 7,3/103,8

70/158 1 1,6/22,8 3,1/44,1 5,1/72,5 8,2/116,65 1,4/19,9 2,7/38,4 4,5/64,0 7,2/102,410 1,3/18,5 2,5/35,6 4,3/61,2 6,8/96,725 1,1/15,6 2,1/29,9 3,5/49,8 5,6/79,750 0,9/12,8 1,8/22,6 3,0/42,7 4,8/68,3

80/176 1 1,3/18,5 2,4/34,1 4,1/58,3 6,6/93,95 1,1/15,6 2,0/28,5 3,4/48,4 5,5/78,210 0,9/12,8 1,7/24,2 2,9/41,2 4,7/66,825 0,7/10,0 1,4/19,9 2,3/32,7 3,7/52,6

95/203 1 0,9/12,8 1,7/24,2 2,8/39,8 4,6/65,45 0,6/8,5 1,2/17,1 1,9/27,0 3,1/44,110 0,5/7,1 0,9/12,8 1,6/22,8 2,6/37,0

1) These working pressures have to be reduced by the corresponding reducing coefficient for every application.2 ) Working pressures do not apply to pipes exposed to direct UV radiation. Within 10 years of operation this influence may

be neutralized or essentially reduced by adding carbon black, etc. to the molding material.

Temperature Operatingperiod

[°C]/[°F] [years]

SDR 33 SDR 17,6 SDR 11 SDR 7,25

S 16 S 8,3 S 5 S 3,125

PN 3,2 PN 6 PN 10 PN 16

Permissible system working pressure for PPH (PP - type1) depending on temperature and operation period

Table 17: Maximum working pressure for installed piping system (media water)

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1) These working pressures have to be reduced by the corresponding reducing coefficient for every application.

The stated values are only valid for water and harmless medias.They were determined from the creep curve taking into account asafety coefficient of C = 1,6


Engineering

Permissible working pressures for ECTFE depending ontemperature and operation period

In this table the welding factor fs of 0.8

is not taken into account.

Table 18: Maximum working pressure for pipes and fittings (media water)

Temperatur Operation PN 10 / ISO S-10 / SDR 21period

[°C]/[°F] [years ] OD 20-32 OD 40-50 OD 63-160Permiss ible sys tem working pressure 1) [bar]/[ps i]

20 /68 1 20,2/287,3 15,9 /226,1 12,6 /179,210 18,7/265,9 14,7 /209,0 11,6 /164,925 17,7/251,7 13,9 /197,7 11,0 /156,450 17,2/244,6 13,5 /192,0 10,7 /152,1

60 /140 1 13,1/186,3 10,3 /146,5 8,2/112,310 11,1/157,8 8,7 /123,7 6,9 /98,125 10,6/150,7 8,3 /118,0 6,6 /93,850 10,1/143,6 7,9 /112,3 6,3 /89,6

70 /158 1 9,1 /129,4 7,1 /100,9 5,6 /79,610 8,4 /119,4 6,6 /93,8 5,2 /73,925 8,1 /115,2 6,3 /89,6 5,0 /71,150 7,9 /112,3 6,2 /88,1 4,9 /69,6

80 /176 1 6,7/95,2 5,3 /75,3 4,2 /59,710 6,4/91,0 5,1 /72,5 4,0 /56,825 6,2/88,1 4,9 /69,6 3,9 /55,450 6,1/86,7 4,8 /68,2 3,8 /54,0

90 /203 1 4,9/69,6 3,9 /55,4 3,1 /44,010 4,9/69,6 3,9 /55,4 3,1 /44,025 4,9/69,6 3,9 /55,4 3,1 /44,050 4,9/69,6 3,9 /55,4 3,1 /44,0

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Engineering

F ... fixed points or anchorsLs... Minimum straight length

Expansion loop

F ... fixpoint or anchorsLP ... pipe support (e.g. pipe clips)Ls... Minimum straight length

Change of direction

Offset

Due to the high expansion coefficients ofthermoplastics it is necessary to calculatethe change of length in a system. Toproperly control and direct thermalgrowth, expansion loops, offsets andchanges in direction are recommendedover piston type joints.

ASTM units:Change of length

∆∆∆∆∆L = 12 12 12 12 12 x α α α α α x L x ∆∆∆∆∆T

L ... pipe length (from fixed point toexpansion loop) [ft]

∆L ... Change of length [inches]∆Τ* ... temperature difference [°F]α ... Thermal expansion coefficient [in/

in° F]

PVDF... 6,6 x 10-5 [in/in° F]ECTFE... 4,4 x 10-5 [in/in° F]PP-grey... 8,33 x 10-5 [in/in° F]

Calculations:

SI-Units:Change of length

∆∆∆∆∆L = α α α α α x L x ∆∆∆∆∆T

L ... pipe length (from fixed point toexpansion loop) [mm]

∆L ... Change of length [mm]∆Τ* ... temperature difference [°K]α ... Thermal expansion coefficient

[mm/m°K]

PVDF... 1,2 x 10-4 [mm/m°K]ECTFE... 1 x 10-4 [mm/m°K]PP-grey... 1,5 x 10-4 [mm/m°K]

Do not install PVDF-piping in aprestressed condition!

a.) Flexible systems compensatingthe temperature changes by

expansion loops, offset orchanges of directions.

For the compensation of temperaturechanges different methods can be applied:

Determination of thermalexpansion and contraction

L s

L s

L spipe support

distance

F ... fixpoint or anchorsLP ... pipe support (e.g. pipe clips)Ls... Minimum straight length

The biggest difference of the installation temperature to the highest (lowest) operatingtemperature is used for the determination of ∆T.

* Definition of∆∆∆∆∆T (temperature difference)

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Engineering Minimum straight length:

To justify the application of a fixedsystem a stress analyses needs to beperformed.AGRU is offering to customers thiscalculation as a service.Therefore AGRU provides a questionnaireform to get the working parameter for thecalculation.

Ls = C . ∆∆∆∆∆L . OD

Determination of the minimum leg [Ls]

of an expansion loop or change in directionis as follows:

b.) Flexible systems compensate thechanges in temperature throughthe proper design and use of

thermal expansioncompensators.

Ls... Minimum straight length [mm]or [in]

C ... Material specific constant factorOD ...Pipe outside diameter [mm] or

[in]∆L... Change in length of the pipeline

section [mm] or [in]

Material specific constant factor C:PVDF... 20ECTFE... 20PP-grey... 30

?HIGH

PURITY

Questionnaire

ASK FOR THISQUESTIONNAIRE

c.) Fixed systemThe piping system is installed infixed configuration. Thetemperature change is convertedinto thermal stresses.

-CADPIPE

2D/3D software based on solidCAD foundation !

Advantage- low expenses (easy, quick and

room-saving installation).Disadvantage- only applicable for certain

operation conditions (these haveto be proved by calculation ifneeded)

AGRU is offering an intelligent drawing program forplastic piping systems for designing isometrics. Theadvantage of this system is, that the AGRU CADPIPEprogram contains the supply-program as well as themeasurements for PP, PVDF and ECTFE pipes,fittings, mountings, supports and connection parts.Also the thermal expansion and contraction as wellas support distances, expansion loops, offset orchanges of directions are calculated automaticallyThis program works with AutoCAD release.12 DOS,release.13 and release. 14 (DOS or WINDOWS).

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EngineeringAn important criteria for all pipingsystems is the support system and thecorrect support distance.

Pipes with OD 20÷50mm (1/2" ÷ 11/2")should be continuously supported.

Pipe support

Continuous support of a pipe (recommended style)

For fixed points in the piping system,restraint fittings should be utilized togetherwith a suitable pipe clips.

The restrained fittings will preventmovement in the axial direction, but willprovide the required flexibilty in radialdirection. (stress free also during theapplication)More detailed information for fixed pointfittings can be found in the Part II-supply program catalogue.

Also diaphragm and T-diaphragm valvescan be utilized as fixed points in a pipingsystem.The mounting plates are used tocompensate for height differences.

Anchors (Fixed points)

Pipes with OD 63÷315 mm(2" ÷ 12")should be supported by means of pipeclips, which do not fix the pipe in an axialdirection (thermoplastic-clips arepreferred).

In all cases support devices should notprovide pin point stresses on the piping.In addition materials that may scratch orwear the piping material must be avoided.More detailed information for pipe clipscan be found in the Part II-supply programcatalogue.

Support by pipe clips (recommended style)

Fixed point configuration (recommended style)

AGRU mounting plate (see Part II page 42)Diaphragm valves used for fixed point

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Engineering

Pipe support distances

Table 19: Support distances for PVDF

[mm] PN10/PN16 20°C 40°C 60°C 80°C 100°C 120°CPipe dimension max. support distances [cm]

[mm] PN10 20°C 40°C 60°C 80°CPipe dimension max. support distances [cm]

Table 20: Support distances for ECTFE

[mm] PN10 20°C 40°C 60°C 80°CPipe dimension max. support distances [cm]

Table 21: Support distances for PPH

20 x 2,5 (½") 70 65 60 55

25 x 2,7 (¾") 80 75 70 65

32 x 3,0 (1") 95 90 85 75

40 x 3,7 (1¼") 110 105 95 87

50 x 4,6 (1½") 125 120 110 100

63 x 5,8 (2") 145 140 130 120

90 x 8,2 (3") 165 155 145 135

110 x 10,0 (4") 195 175 160 140

160 x 14,6 (6") 225 210 190 170

200 x 18,2 (8") 250 230 210 190

225 x 20,5 (9") 265 245 225 200

250 x 22,8 (10") 280 260 240 215

280 x 25,5 (11") 295 275 255 230

315 x 28,7 (12") 315 295 270 245

355 x 32,3 (14") 355 315 285 260

400 x 36,4 (16") 355 335 305 275

20 x 1,9 (½") 95 90 80 75 70 65

25 x 1,9 (¾") 100 95 90 85 80 75

32 x 2,4 (1") 110 100 95 90 85 80

40 x 2,4 (1¼") 125 115 110 100 95 90

50 x 3,0 (1½") 140 130 120 115 110 100

63 x 3,0 (2") 150 140 130 120 115 105

90 x 4,3 (3") 180 165 155 145 135 125

110 x 3,4 (4") 235 220 195 160 140 130

110 x 5,3 (4") 200 185 175 160 155 140

160 x 4,9 (6") 290 265 235 195 180 165

160 x 7,7 (6") 265 245 230 205 195 180

180 x 5,5 (7") 275 250 240 210 195 180

180 x 8,6 (7") 300 270 260 230 210 195

200 x 6,2 (8") 320 290 260 220 215 200

200 x 9,6 (8") 340 300 280 235 230 210

225 x 6,9 (9") 340 310 275 230 200 195

225 x 10,8 (9") 360 330 290 245 225 210

250 x 7,7 (10") 360 330 295 245 220 200

250 x 11,9 (10") 385 350 300 260 240 220

280 x 8,6 (11") 380 345 315 265 230 215

280 x 13,0 (11") 405 365 335 285 250 235

315 x 9,7 (12") 405 370 330 280 240 220

315 x 15,0 (12") 430 395 350 295 260 240

20 x 1,9 (½") 75 70 65 60 50 45

25 x 1,9 (¾") 80 75 70 65 55 50

32 x 2,4 (1") 90 80 75 70 60 55

40 x 2,4 (1¼") 100 90 85 75 65 60

50 x 3,0 (1½") 110 95 90 85 75 70

63 x 3,0 (2") 120 105 100 90 80 75

90 x 4,3 (3") 140 135 125 115 95 90

110 x 5,3 (4") 155 135 125 115 100 95

160 x 7,7 (6") 190 175 165 150 130 125

20 x 2,5 (½") 50 45 45 40

25 x 2,7 (¾") 60 55 50 45

32 x 3,0 (1") 70 65 60 55

40 x 3,7 (1¼") 80 75 70 65

50 x 4,6 (1½") 90 90 80 75

63 x 5,8 (2") 105 105 95 90

90 x 8,2 (3") 120 115 105 100

110 x 10,0 (4") 145 130 120 105

160 x 14,6 (6") 165 155 140 125

200 x 18,2 (8") 185 170 155 140

225 x 20,5 (9") 195 180 165 150

250 x 22,8 (10") 210 195 180 160

280 x 25,5 (11") 220 205 190 170

315 x 28,7 (12") 235 220 200 180

355 x 32,3 (14") 265 235 210 195

400 x 36,4 (16") 265 250 225 205

Pipe dimension max. support distances [cm][mm] PN 10 20°C 40°C 60°C 80°C 100°C 120°C

T(°F)= 1,8 x T(°C) +321 in= 2,54 cm

Table 22: Support distances for PPR

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Pressure loss in valves (∆pA)

Pressure drop across a valve is dependanton the valve type and its predeterminedvalue. The valve manufacturer shouldprovide the k

v (c

v) of the valve by size.

Utilizing the kv (c

v)value, pressure drop

across the valve is determined as follows: Q ... Volumetric Flowrate [m3/h]ρ ... Density of fluid [kg/m3]k

v... Specific valve coefficient [m3/h]

Q ... Volumetric Flowrate [ft3/h]SG...specific gravity of fluid [lbs/ft3]C

v... Specific valve coefficient [ft3/h]

SI-UNIT ASTM-UNIT

Q 2

Cv 2

∆pA = SG [psi]Q 2

k 2v

∆pA = ρ [bar]. .


EngineeringHydraulic calculation

For the hydraulic calculation ofthermoplastic piping systems, thefollowing factors have to be considered:

- pressure loss in straight pipe line sections ( ∆p

P )

- pressure loss in fittings ( ∆pF )

- pressure loss in welding areas (∆pA)

- pressure loss in valves ( ∆pV )

The whole pressure loss results fromthe sum of the following individualpressure losses:

Calculation of pressure losses in the system.

Pressure loss in straight pipes (∆pP)

Ld

i

ρ2.105 ∆p

P = λ ..... . . v2 [bar]

SI-UNIT

λ ... Pipe frictional index (in most cases0,02 is sufficient)

L ... Length of piping system [m]d

i... Inside diameter of pipe [m]

ρ ... Density of fluid [kg/m3]v ... Flow velocity [m/s]

λ ... Pipe frictional index (in most cases0,02 is sufficient)

L ... Pipe length [ft]d

i... Inside diameter [ft]

SG...specific gravity of fluid [lbs/ft3]v ... Flow velocity [ft/s]g ... gravitional acceleration

[32,174 ft/s2]

The following formulas are valid for fluids.They may also be used, with reasonableexactness, for gases (ρ approximatelyconstant).

∆∆∆∆∆ptotal

= ∆∆∆∆∆pP + ∆∆∆∆∆p

F + ∆∆∆∆∆p

A + ∆∆∆∆∆p

V

[bar][psi]

ASTM-UNIT

Ld

i

λ144∆p

P = v2 [psi] . . .

SG2 g

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Vz

VdVs

Resistance coefficients ζ

The table below gives resistancecoefficients for small diameter fittings. Inincreasing proportion the resistancecoefficient decreases with increasing pipediameters. For exact calculation refer tospecialized technical literature.

Pressure loss in fittings (((((∆pF)))))

ρ2.105∆p

F = ζ ..... . v2 [bar] ∆p

F = ζ ..... [psi]

SG144

ζ ... Resistance coefficientρ ... Density of fluid [kg/m3]v ... Flow velocity [m/s]

ζ ... Resistance coefficientSG...specific gravity of fluid [lbs/ft3]v ... Flow velocity [ft/s]g ... Gravitional acceleration

[32,174 ft/s2]

v2

2g.


Engineering

positive ζ-values: fall of pressurenegative ζ-values: rise of pressure

Va: outgoing volume flowVd: passing volume flow

Vs: total volume flowVz: additional volume flow

Va

VsVd

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Table 23:

When designing a piping system the possibility of pressure impacts (water hammers) should be eliminated. The specific valve typesand system layout is critical to avoiding the problem of water hammer.

Dim Butt / IR Beadless Socket Inside beadless[mm] (inch) welding butt welding welding welding (HPF)

Ø 20 ÷ 40 (½" ÷ 1¼") +5% +2% +8% +0%

Ø 50 ÷ 75 (1½"÷2½") +3% +1% +6% +0%

Ø 90 ÷ 110 (3" ÷ 4") +2% +0,5% +4% -

Ø 125 ÷ 160 (4½"÷6") +1,5% +0,2% - -

Ø 180 ÷ 225 (7" ÷ 9") +1,0% - - -

Ø 250 ÷ 315 (10"÷12") +0,5% - - -

Pressure loss of finished joints orcouplings (∆p

V)

It is difficult and time consuming tocalculate the pressure loss accross eachjoint. Therefore a good rule of thumb iscalculate to 3% to 5% of the total systempressure drop for the pressure loss due towelding (only valid when internal beadsare existing).

The following charts provides anestimated total determined pressure dropdue to the type of welding method.


Engineering

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Section V:Installation

and weldingtechniques

The control of the welding joint qualityon site should be performed only bycertified personnel with proper knowledgeof the welding technique. Different testsacc. DVS 2207 may be performed:

Tensile test for the determinationof the short-time welding factor(acc. DVS 2203/part 1)

Bending test for the determinationof the bending angle (acc. DVS2203/part 5)

Optical assessment of the weldingjoint (acc. DVS 2206)

Pressure test on the installedpipeline

The design of a system should considerinstallation conditions such as

- space- environment conditions

In addition, the corresponding parametersfor every performed welding have to berecorded. In order to guarantee the correctcoordination of the welding parameters,the individual welding joints are markedwith a welding joint number.

Based on the above criteria the choice ofwelding technique is critical for a successfulinstallation. The installation should beplanned to fabricate assemblies andsubassemblies to reduce the amount ofwelds conducted in restricted (confined)locations.

Many factors effect the quality of aninstalled High Purity system. Thefollowing points illustrate these factors.

Installation of the HPpiping system

High Purity components for DI systemsshould preferably be welded in class10.000 environments or better.Prefabrications should be made in acleanroom environment, to minimize theamount of welds conducted in standardair conditions, to reduce contamination.

Storage and handling of products

Components (pipes and fittings) should be stored in a dry, clean and controlled area at room temperature. This area should be adjacentto the temporary cleanroom until required for subassembly or final installation into the system The original packaging should notbe removed prior to processing. Pipe should not be stocked to exeed one meter (3 ft) in height.Pipes should be stored horizontally, protected from sunlight, and the support for pipes up to OD 63 mm during storage shouldbe a minimum of ½ m between centres of the spacers. From OD 75 the support can be increased to 1 m between centres of the spacers.QC inspection should be done under laminar flow.

In general, the following is valid for thewelding of thermoplastic pipelines in theHP-area:

Application of suitable andapproved welding machines

Application of trained andcertified personnel

Consideration of the drescribedwelding guidelines (parameters)

Performance of the weldingprocess in the cleanroom area

Complete control anddocumentation of the performedwelding operations

Welding

Utilize proven welding Techniques forthe joining of components, only approvedwelding machines should be used. Theapplication of non approved weldingtechniques can result in reduced jointquality in both strength and purity. Thefollowing section outlines the availablewelding equipment and recommendedprocedures for joining.

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Table 25: Welding time (approximate values) for PVDFPVDF PN Butt IR-fusion Socket HPF WeldingDim pressure rating fusion butt welding conventional balloon

[mm] (inch) [bar]/[psi] [min] [min] [min] [min] [min]Ø 20 x 1,9 (½") 20/284 4,0 3,0 3,5 2,0 6,5Ø 25 x 1,9 (¾") 20/284 4,0 3,0 3,5 1,5 6,5Ø 32 x 2,4 (1") 20/284 4,0 3,5 3,5 4,0 11,5Ø 40 x 2,4 (1¼") 20/284 5,0 4,0 4,5 3,0 10,0Ø 50 x 3,0 (1½") 20/284 6,0 5,0 5,5 5,0 13,0Ø 63 x 3,0 (2") 16/230 6,0 5,0 6,5 5,0 13,0Ø 75 x 2,5 (2½") 10/150 5,5 5,0 6,5 -Ø 75 x 3,6 (2½") 16/230 6,5 7,0 6,5 -Ø 90 x 2,8 (3") 10/150 7,0 5,5 8,5 -Ø 90 x 4,3 (3") 16/230 7,5 8,0 8,5 -Ø 110 x 3,4 (4") 10/150 8,0 7,0 10,5 -Ø 110 x 5,3 (4") 16/230 8,5 9,0 10,5 -Ø 140 x 4,3 (5") 10/150 8,5 8,5 - -Ø 140 x 6,7 (5") 16/230 10,0 9,5 - -Ø 160 x 4,9 (6") 10/150 11,5 10,0 - -Ø 160 x 7,7 (6") 16/230 14,0 11,0 - -Ø 180 x 5,5 (7") 10/150 11,5 10,5 - -Ø 180 x 8,6 (7") 16/230 13,5 12,5 - -Ø 200 x 6,2 (8") 10/150 14,0 10,5 - -Ø 200 x 9,6 (8") 16/230 16,0 13,5 - -Ø 225 x 6,9 (9") 10/150 15,0 10,5 - -Ø 225 x 10,8 (9") 16/230 17,5 13,5 - -Ø 250 x 7,7 (10") 10/150 16,5 11,5 - -Ø 250 x 11,9 (10") 16/230 18,0 15,0 - -Ø 280 x 8,6 (11") 10/150 18,5 - - - -Ø 280 x 13,4 (11") 16/230 20,0 - - - -Ø 315 x 9,7 (12") 10/150 23,5 - - - -Ø 315 x 15,0 (12") 16/230 25,0 - - - -

The following table, verifies welding times (preparation times are not included) forthe approximate calculation of installation time.:

Welding Techniques

Material Dimension Butt IR-fusion Socket HPF[mm] fusion

PVDF Ø 20÷63 (½"÷2")

Ø 75÷160 (2½"÷6") (up to 110mm) -Ø 180÷250 (7"÷10") - -Ø 280÷400 (11"÷16") - - -

ECTFE Ø 20÷63 (½"÷2") - -Ø 75÷160 (2½"÷6") - -

PP-grey Ø 20÷63 (½"÷2") -Ø 75÷160 (2½"÷6") (up to 110mm) -Ø 180÷250 (7"÷10") - -Ø 280÷400 (11"÷16") - - -

-

Table 24: Recommended welding techniques

[- ] .... not applicable [].... applicable [] .... preferred

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Table 27: Total welding time (approximate values) for PP-grey

Note: The above values are onlyapproximated values and may fluctuatedue to environmental conditions andtechnical changes.The values are valid for performing onejoint.

ECTFE PN Butt IR-fusionDim pressure rating fusion

[mm] (inch) [bar/psi] [min] [min]Ø 20x1,9 (½") 10/150 3,5 3,0Ø 25x1,9 (¾") 10/150 3,5 3,5Ø 32x2,4 (1") 10/150 3,5 4,0

Ø 40x2,4 (1¼") 10/150 4,5 4,5Ø 50x3,0 (1½") 10/150 6,0 5,5Ø 63x3,0 (2") 10/150 6,0 5,5Ø 90x4,3 (3") 10/150 7,0 7,0Ø 110x5,3 (4") 10/150 8,0 9,0Ø 160x7,7 (6") 10/150 11,0 11,5

Welding Techniques

Table 26: Total welding time (approximate values) for ECTFE

PP-grey PN Butt IR-fusion SocketDim pressure rating fusion welding

[mm] (inch) [bar]/[psi] [min] [min] [min]Ø 20 x 2,5 (½") 10/150 6,5 4,5 2,5Ø 25 x 2,7 (¾") 10/150 7,0 4,5 2,5Ø 32 x 3,0 (1") 10/150 7,0 6,0 4,5Ø 40 x 3,7 (1¼") 10/150 8,5 7,0 4,5Ø 50 x 4,6 (1½") 10/150 13,5 8,0 4,5Ø 63 x 5,8 (2") 10/150 13,5 9,5 7,0Ø 75 x 6,9 (2½") 10/150 14,0 9,5 7,0Ø 90 x 8,2 (3") 10/150 22,5 13,5 7,0Ø 110 x 10,0 (4") 10/150 22,5 16,5 9,0Ø 125 x 11,4 (4½") 10/150 23,5 19,5 -Ø 140 x 12,8 (5") 10/150 33,5 22,0 -Ø 160 x 14,6 (6") 10/150 34,0 22,5 -Ø 180 x 16,4 (7") 10/150 35,0 23,0 -Ø 200 x 18,2 (8") 10/150 35,0 23,5 -Ø 225 x 20,5 (9") 10/150 45,5 24,0 -Ø 250 x 22,8 (10") 10/150 45,5 24,0 -Ø 280 x 25,5 (11") 10/150 45,5 - -Ø 315 x 28,7 (12") 10/150 56,5 - -Ø 355 x 32,3 (14") 10/150 65,0 - -Ø 400 x 36,4 (16") 10/150 70,0 - -

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Test results

After the pressure test is successfullyperformed all parameters are to be certified.Minimum requirement of certification:- Test pressure- Test period- Pressure drop during the main test- Clients name/project- Tested piping system (Dimension

and Material)- Date when the test was performed- Name of person performing the

pressure test

Test preparation

To perform a pressure test in a pipingsystem several important guidelinesshould be followed- The piping system has to be filledwith liquid (water). Preferably in

HP-piping systems DI-water with aminimum quality of 14 MΩ shouldbe used (The use of gas is notpermitted.)

- The piping system should be 100%vented.

- The liquid utilized should be at amax. temperature of 23°C/(73,4°F).

- The pump should be installedat the lowest point of the pipingsystem

- Suitable pressure gauges with adetection limit ≤ 0,1 bar should beutilized

- The pressure gauge has to be placedat the lowest point of the pipingsystem. (between the valve and thepipe to be tested)

- The pressure to be raisedcontinuously up to the specified testpressure (∼ 1 bar/min) (∼ 14,22 psi/min)

Pressure Testing

Test method(acc. DIN 4279)

The field pressure test is performed in twotest sequences.

* PN... Pressure rating of piping system**.......The test pressure may need to be increased during the test period due to

the natural effects of creep.

Test pressure Test period permissible pressuredrop during the test

Pre-Test 1,5 x PN* min. 4 hours 0,6** bar/hourmax. PN + 5 bar max. 12 hours

( max. PN + 70 psi)

Main-Test 1,3 x PN* min. 3 hours 0,1 bar/hourmax. PN + 5 bar max. 6 hours

(max. PN + 70 psi)

General

Before the pressure test is performed, alljoints have to be completely cooled down(min. 1 hour after the last joint of thesystem has been performed). All flangedand threaded connectionshave to be tightened. The piping systemshould also be protected against directsun radiation. The changes in temperaturecan cause pressure drops during the fieldtest as well as damages to the pipingsystem due to high pressure at an elevatedtemperature (see permissible workingpressure table 16-19).

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General

AGRU extrudes all the pipe utilizing apatened method for relieving stress online. The following is the advantage of astress free pipe:

Elimination of internal stress onthe pipe ends, therefore a better

welding qualityLower internal stresses, thereforea better resistance against stresscracking from aggressive media

PVDFMicrotomcut of joint

PPMicrotomcut of joint

Scheme of the welding process

PREPARATION OF THE WELDING PROCESS

HEATING

JOINING AND COOLING

Recommended welding equipment

Fully Automated IRWelding Equipment

SP 110 (Ø 20 ÷ 110 mm)SP 250 (Ø 75 ÷ 250 mm)

Welding methodThe method is in accordance withapproved standard butt fusion, where thecomponents are not in contact with heatsource.The heating of pipe ends is performed byradiant heat. The advantage of the noncontact method is the minimal bead sizesand the elimination of possiblecontamination from the heating element.The shape of the bead is also straighterinternally creating less of an area forbacteria growth.

Non-contact buttfusion (IR-Fusion)

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Section V: Schematic of welding procedure for IR-Fusion

The above graph outlines the pressure applied during the non-contact joining process. Notice that the ramp up pressure to full joiningpressure is a smoth curve where pressure is build ascenly over time. Even pressure build-up is critical to join material without creatinga cold joint.

Sample IR-Fusionparameters for PVDF

Welding temperature:500°C ± 5°C

932°F ± 41°F

The welding parameters are valid at20°C (68°F)

for SP110

Dimension PN Temperature Pre-heating time Adjusting Joining Cooling[mm/inch] [bar/psi] [°C] [sec] time [sec] time[sec] time [min]

20 x 1,9 (½") 20/284 500 14 3 1 1

25 x 1,9 (¾") 20/284 500 14 3 1 1

32 x 2,4 (1") 20/284 500 15 3 1 1,5

40 x 2,4 (1¼") 20/284 500 20 3 1 2

50 x 3,0 (1½") 20/284 500 22 3 1 2

63 x 3,0 (2") 16/230 500 22 3 1 2

90 x 2,8 (3") 10/150 500 25 3 1 2.5

90 x 4,3 (3") 16/230 500 29 3 1 2,5

110 x 3,4 (4") 10/150 500 27 3 1 2,5

110 x 5,3 (4") 16/230 500 32 3 1 2,5

All welding parameters in the tables areto be considered as average values. As weare constantly endeavouring to improveand adapt our welding parameters, wereserve the right to make modifications.

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Section V:Sample IR-Fusion

parameters for PVDFThe welding parameters are valid at

20°C (68°F)(gap 2 mm)

for SP250

Dimension PN Temperature Pre-heating time Adjusting Joining Cooling[mm/inch] [bar/psi] [°C] [sec] time [sec] time[sec] time [min]

75 x 2,5 (2½") 10/150 500 28 3 1 3

75 x 3,6 (2½") 16/230 500 28 3 1 3

90 x 2,8 (3") 10/150 500 28 3 1 3

90 x 4,3 (3") 16/230 500 31 3 1 3

110 x 3,4 (4") 10/150 500 28 3 1 3.5

110 x 5,3 (4") 16/230 500 34 3 1 3.5

125 x 3,9 (4½") 10/150 500 29 3 1 3.5

125 x 6,0 (4½") 16/230 500 38 3 1 3.5

140 x 4,3 (5") 10/150 500 34 3 1 3.5

140 x 6,7 (5") 16/230 500 42 3 1 4

160 x 4,9 (6") 10/150 500 33 3 1 4

160 x 7,7 (6") 16/230 500 43 3 1 4

180 x 5,5 (7") 10/150 500 41 3 1 4.5

180 x 8,6 (7") 16/230 500 50 3 1 4.5

200 x 6,2 (8") 10/150 500 47 3 1 5

200 x 9,6 (8") 16/230 500 52 3 1 5

225 x 6,9 (9") 10/150 500 40 3 1 6

225 x 10,8 (9") 16/230 500 48 3 1 6

250 x 7,7 (10") 10/150 500 59 3 1 7

250 x 11,9 (10") 16/230 500 65 3 1 7

Welding temperature:500°C ± 5°C932°F ± 41°F


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One welding equipment for a huge dimension rangefrom 20 up to 110 mm

A new Generation of AGRU IR-welding equipmentSP 110Fully-automatedwelding process

equipment

for IR-Fusion andButt-Fusion

Dim 20 to 110 mm(Dim ½" to 4")

PFA (½" to 2")

Weldable materials:

PVDFPPR, PPH, PP natural (Polypure®)

ECTFEPureBond® PFA

• Fully-automated welding

(all parameters CNC-controlled)

• 11,4" touch panel incl.PC forthe operation of the program

• Planing tool

• Heating element for IR-Fusion• Complete set of quick ex-

changeable clamping inserts with

magneticfixing (20 -110 mm)

• 1 universal codecard, mode level

3 (PCMCIA)• Shipping box

• HP-cleanroom suitable

• CE Certification

Option A, label printer

1 kg = 2,205lbs. ; 1 mm = 0,0394 inch

Options:

Option AThermo label printer with powersupply unit and holding device

Option B, mode level 3PCMCIA-card 1 MB RAM

Option B, mode level 4PCMCIA-card 64 K RAM

Option C11,4" touch panel

Option DWelding machine without touchpanel incl. panel support design

asmentioned above

Option ESpecial thermo labels out of plasticsfor printer 1000 labels.

Option FThermotape (ribbon) for the label

printer

Option GClamping inserts per OD

Option HPre-programmed parameter and

clamping inserts forPureBond®PFA incl. box (½" up to 2")

Option Icoated inserts for butt fusion

Option Jnitrogen purging system

Option XPC-program SP-DATA for theevaluation and documentationof welding data

Voltage [VA C] 230

Power [kW ] 3.5

Current [A ] 16

Frequency [Hz] 50/60

W eight [kg] 98without packaging

W eight [kg] 163with packaging

M eas urement of [mm] the transport box

1075 x740 x715

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Weldable materials:

PVDFPPR, PPH, PP natural (Polypure®)

ECTFE

• Fully-automated welding

(all parameters CNC-controlled)• 11,4" touch panel incl.PC for

the operation of the program

• Planing tool• Heating element for IR-Fusion

• Complete set of quick ex-

changeable clamping inserts withmagnetic

fixing (75 -250 mm)

• Basic frame with removabletransport wheels

• Integrated tool box

• 1 universal codecard, mode level3 (PCMCIA)

• Shipping box

• HP-cleanroom suitable• CE Certification

A new Generation of AGRU IR-welding equipmentSP 250Fully-automatedwelding process

equipment

for IR-Fusion andButt-Fusion

Dim 75 to 250 mm(Dim 2½" to 10")

One welding equipment for a huge dimension rangefrom 75 up to 250 mm

1 kg = 2,205lbs.; 1 mm = 0,0394 inch

Voltage [VA C] 230

Power [kW ] 4,6/5,75

current intens ity [A ] 20/25

Frequency [Hz] 50/60

W eight [kg] app. 515without packaging

W eight [kg] app. 598with packaging

M easurement of [mm] the transport box

1030 x1420 x1220

Option A, label printer

Options:

Option AThermo label printer with powersupply unit and holding device

Option B, mode level 3PCMCIA-card 1 MB RAM

Option B, mode level 4PCMCIA-card 64 K RAM

Option C11,4" touch panel

Option DWelding machine without touchpanel incl. panel support designas mentioned above

Option ESpecial thermo labels out of plasticsfor printer 1000 labels.

Option FThermotape (ribbon) for the label

printer

Option GClamping inserts per OD

Option Icoated inserts for butt fusion

Option Jnitrogen purging system

Option XPC-program SP-DATA for theevaluation and documentationof welding data

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PVDF (welding without balloon)Microtomcut of joint

PVDF (welding with balloon)Microtomcut of joint

HPF - WeldingWelding methodThe HPF welding technology is anelecric socket fusion system that joinsPVDF piping components, providing asmooth internal surface. The HPF systemprovides the most automated weldingtechnique currency available on themarket.

The processPipes and/or fittings are planed. The HPFcoupling is placed in the wide mountingclamp. Utilizing the mechanical stop onthe clamp the pipe is centered in thecoupling. The pipe or fitting ends shouldbe tight against each other without a gap.Once the components are fixed in theclamp the leads are connected and theproper welding times and voltage arescanned through a bar code reader. Theentire welding process from this point isautomatic and controlled by the HPFunit.HPF provides a weld without any internalobstruction or any outside contamination.Since the coupling is the heating elementand it is closed to the externalenvironment, contamination iseliminated during the fusion process.HPF utilizes all standard butt fusionfittings. Extended leg fittings are notrequired.HPF welding is capable of beingconducted with or without an internalballoon. With the balloon, the joint iscompletely smooth without any bead orseam. Without the balloon, the joint isstill beadless. The advantage of HPF isthat all joints within its size range can beconducted without the need of a union,flange or alternative welding method.

PLANING

Schema of the welding process

WELDING PREPARATION

WELDING WITH BALLON WELDING WITHOUT BALLON

Recommendedwelding equipment

AGRU HPF-SET

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Section V:HPF-parameter for

welding without ballonPVDF

5/41 7 7 11,5 10,5 13,5 13,5

10/50 6,5 7 11,5 10,5 13 13,5

15/59 6,5 7 11,5 10 13 13

20/68 6,5 6,5 11,5 10 13 13

25/77 6,5 6,5 11 10 13 13

30/86 6,5 6,5 11 10 12,5 13

35/95 6,5 6,5 11 10 12,5 12,5

40/104 6 6,5 11 9,5 12,5 12,5

45/113 6 6,5 10,5 9,5 12,5 12,5

Welding time

* The welding equipment is automatically adjusting the welding time to the environment temperature

Environment 20 x 1,9 25 x 1,9 32 x 2,4 40 x 2,4 50 x 3,0 63 x 3,0 temperature* (1/2") (3/4") (1") (1 1/4") (1 1/2") (2")

[°C] [°F] [min.] [min.] [min.] [min.] [min.] [min.]

HPF-parameter forwelding with ballon

PVDF

5/41 2,5 1,5 4,5 3,5 5,5 5,5

10/50 2,5 1,5 4,5 3,5 5,0 5,0

15/59 2,5 1,5 4,5 3,0 5,0 5,0

20/68 2,0 1,5 4,0 3,0 5,0 5,0

25/77 2,0 1,5 4,0 3,0 5,0 5,0

30/86 1,5 1,5 4,0 3,0 5,0 5,0

35/95 1,5 1,5 4,0 3,0 4,5 4,5

40/104 1,5 1,5 4,0 3,0 4,5 4,5

45/113 1,5 1,0 3,5 2,5 4,5 4,5

50/122 1,5 1,0 3,5 2,5 4,5 4,5

Welding time**

* The welding equipment is automatically adjusting the welding time to the environment temperature.** Cooling time is not included. Welding equipment can be disconnected after welding operation (for further details see the instruction manual).

Environment 20 x 1,9 25 x 1,9 32 x 2,4 40 x 2,4 50 x 3,0 63 x 3,0temperature* (1/2") (3/4") (1") (1 1/4") (1 1/2") (2")

[°C] [°F] [min.] [min.] [min.] min.] [min.] [min.]


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Butt-Fusion (HS)Welding methodThe butt-fusion technique utilizespressure for proper alignment, heatingand joining. Butt fusion has been utilizedfor the past decade and has been provento be a reliable and efficient joiningmethod. The joint quality on butt-fusionis reduced when compared to non-contactmethods, but when performed withexactness it can minimize that of a radiantheat joint.

Schema of the welding process


ALIGNMENT AND HEATING

JOINING AND COOLING

ECTFEMicrotomcut of joint



Recommended welding equipments

UF 2000/1UF 2000/2

UF 2000/1 lightAGRU 63 (Tekweld 2)

AGRU 2000 (Tekweld 6)field machineshop machine



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Section V: Schematic for weldingprocedure for butt fusion

Butt fusion parametersfor PVDF


Specific welding pressure:0,13 N/mm2

PN Pre-heating time max. Joining Cooling timeAdjusting time time

[mm]/[inch] [bar/psi] [sec] [sec] [sec] [min]

20 x 1,9 (½") 20/284 25 4 5 325 x 1,9 (¾") 20/284 25 4 5 332 x 2,4 (1") 20/284 30 4 5 340 x 2,4 (1 ¼") 20/284 35 4 5 450 x 3,0 (1 ½") 20/284 40 4 5 563 x 2,5 (2") 10/150 35 4 5 563 x 3,0 (2") 16/230 45 4 5 575 x 2,5 (2 ½") 10/150 35 4 5 575 x 3,6 (2 ½") 16/230 50 4 5 590 x 2,8 (3") 10/150 40 4 5 690 x 4,3 (3") 16/230 55 4 5 6110 x 3,4 (4") 10/150 50 4 5 7110 x 5,3 (4") 16/230 65 4 5 7160 x 4,9 (6") 10/150 70 4 5 10180 x 5,5 (7") 10/150 75 4 5 10200 x 6,2 (8") 10/150 90 6 5 12250 x 7,7 (10") 10/150 120 8 5 14315 x 9,7 (12") 10/150 150 10 5 20355 x 10,8 (14") 10/150 180 12 5 25400 x 12,2 (16") 10/150 210 12 5 25

DimensionOD

The above graph identifies the time periods and pressures necessary for successful butt fusion.


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Butt fusion parametersfor ECTFE


Specific welding pressure:0,08 ÷ 0,09 N/mm2

Section V:

Dimension PN Pre-heating time max. Adjusting max. Joining min. Cooling timetime time

[mm]/[inch] [bar/psi] [sec] [sec] [sec] [min]

20x1,9 (½") 10/150 12 4 5 325x1,9 (¾") 10/150 15 4 5 3

32x2,4 (1") 10/150 18 4 5 3

40x2,4 (1¼") 10/150 20 4 5 4

50x3,0 (1½") 10/150 25 4 5 5

63x3,0 (2") 10/150 25 4 5 5

90x4,3 (3") 10/150 30 4 5 6

110x5,3 (4") 10/150 40 4 5 7

160x7,7 (6") 10/150 50 4 5 10

Butt fusion parametersfor PP-grey


Specific welding pressure:0,10 N/mm2

Wall thickness Pre-heating time tAw

max. Adjusting time tU

max. Joining Cooling time tAk

[mm] [sec] [sec] time tF[sec] [min]

P = 0,01 N/mm2 P = 0,10 N/mm2

2,0 ..... 3,9 30 ..... 65 4 4 ..... 6 4 ..... 64,3 ..... 6,9 65 ..... 115 5 6 ..... 8 6 ..... 127,0 ..... 11,4 115 ..... 180 6 8 ..... 10 12 ..... 20

12,2 ..... 18,2 180 ..... 290 8 10 ..... 15 20 ..... 3020,1 ..... 25,5 290 ..... 330 10 16 ..... 20 30 ..... 4028,3 ..... 32,3 330 ..... 440 12 21 ..... 25 40 ..... 5034,7 ..... 40,2 440 ..... 490 14 26 ..... 35 50 ..... 6041,0 ..... 50,0 490 ..... 550 16 36 ..... 45 60 ..... 70


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Socket welding

Welding methodSocket Fusion is accomplished utilizingpipe ends and socket style fittings. Thepipe ends are heated externally while theinside of the socket is heated.Once heating is completed the pipe endis inserted into the inside of the fitting.The measurements of the pipe end,heating element and socket depth aredesigned to create the proper joiningforces.Simple hand held tools allows welds tobe done easily up to a diameter of 40 mm(1¼"). For larger dimensions a tool withmovable clamps is preferred.

Recommendedwelding equipments

PRISMA 75 (Ø 20 ÷ 75 mm)PRISMA 125 (Ø 25 ÷ 125 mm)

Schematic drawing of a welding process


ALIGNMENT AND HEATING

JOINING AND COOLING



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Welding temperature:260 ÷ 270°C500 ÷ 518°F

Socket Fusion parameter for PVDF

Section V:

Socket Fusion parameters for PP

20 x 1,9 (½") 20/284 3 3 325 x 1,9 (¾") 20/284 4 3 332 x 2,4 (1") 20/284 5 3 340 x 2,4 (1 ¼") 20/284 6 4 450 x 3,0 (1 ½") 20/284 8 4 563 x 2,5 (2") 10/150 7 4 663 x 3,0 (2") 16/230 10 4 675 x 2,5 (2 ½") 10/150 7 5 675 x 3,6 (2 ½") 16/230 12 5 690 x 2,8 (3") 10/150 8 6 890 x 4,3 (3") 16/230 15 6 8110 x 3,4 (4") 10/150 12 6 10110 x 5,3 (4") 16/230 20 6 10

PN Pre-heating time max.Adjusting Cooling time+Joining time

[mm]/[inch] [bar/psi] [sec] [sec] [min]

DimensionOD

Welding temperature:250 ÷ 270°C482 ÷ 518°F

1) not recommendable due to reduced wall thickness

Pre-heating time max. Adjusting Cooling time[sec] +Joining time [min]

[mm] [inch] PN 6 ≥≥≥≥≥ PN 10 [sec]16 (3/8") 520 (½") 5 4 225 (¾") 1) 732 (1") 1) 840 (1¼") 1) 12 6 450 (1½") 1) 1863 (2") 1) 2475 (2½") 15 30 8 690 (3") 22 40110 (4") 30 50 10 8

Pipe dimension OD

Guide values for the heating element socket welding of PP-pipes and fittings at an outside temperature of approx. 20°C and moderateair movement.


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Section VI:Specification

PVDF-HP 1.0 ScopeAll requirements for AGRU PVDF-HP-piping system and associated joiningequipment and procedures. Applicableto pressure piping system in thesemiconductor industry up totemperatures of 120°C / 248°F.

2.0 MaterialsPipes, fittings and valves are to bemanufactured from suspension gradePVDF. Only unpigmented and virginpolyvenylidenfluorid with absolutely noantioxidants, antistatic agents, colorants,fillers, flame retardents, lubricants,plasticizers, processing acids, UV-stabilizers are to be used. The materialmust conform to the standards ASTMD3222 and ISO DIS 10931-1. Thematerial must provide the followingmechanical properties:

Tensile strength at yield ≥ 7975 psiUltimate tensile strength ≥ 6525psiModulus of Elasticity ≥348.000 psiCristalline melting Point 177°C/

(350°F)Melt flow index (230/2,16) 4-27 g/10min

The raw material must be producedunder class 10.000 cleanroom conditionand must be double packed in PE-films.For transport it shall be packed in closedclean drums (one way packagingsystem). Each resin batch has to bemarked with a lot number and the rawmaterial supplier has to provide Q.C.documentation for outgoing control. AllPVDF-HP-material has to be stockedin a specially designated stocking areaand has to be properly marked with Q.C.approvals. Proper handling of thematerial is required to avoid contact withnormal environment.

3.0 Pipes

Criteria Test standard Test interval

Measurement ISO/DIS 10931-2 every hourSurface visual each pipeColor visual each pipeMarking visual each pipeMicropores microscope 1x/shiftInner surface DIN 4768 1x/shiftPackaging visual each pipeLabels visual each pipe

All PVDF-HP-pipes have to beproduced within a class 1.000cleanroom. The extruder is dedicatedto PVDF-HP and is encased completelywithin the cleanroom. In the area of theresin hoppers and in the area of the pipepackaging cleanroom class 100 mustbe provided. All pipes must be stressrelieved on-line during the productionprocess without using an oven (becauseof cleanroom conditions). AGRU-PVDF-HP-pipes conform to therequirements of ISO DIS 10931-1 forestablishing a hydrostatic basis. Pipesshall be rated according to an SDRpressure rating system of 232 psi (16bar) at 20°C for the dimension range20mm up to 225 mm or alternativelyof 150 psi (10 bar) at 20°C for thedimension range 90mm up to 315mm.

3.1 Pipe quality specificationAll PVDF-HP-pipes must meet thefollowing specification:

Dimensions and tolerances: acc. to ISO DIS 10931-2

Surface roughness 20-225 mm Ra ≤ 9,9µ" (0,25µm)(axial and radial) 250-315 mm Ra ≤ 19,8µ" (0,5µm)(acc.Din 4768)

Micropores (microscope 1000 x magnification) < 1 micronCleanness no contamination

During pipe production continuous quality controls have to be performed and monitored.Minimum required production control:

3.2 Packaging of pipesAll pipes have to be packed in thecleanroom (class 100 area). Pipe endsshall be covered with polyethylenefilms and capped with siliconfreeunpigmented PE-caps. Pipes shall thenbe sleeved in a PE-film (unpigmented)and both ends heat sealed. Pipe is thenpacked into a PEHD-tube for shippingprotection under cleanroom class10.000. Card board tubes are notacceptable.

AGRU-PVDF-HP Specification for pipes, fittings andvalves for application in cold and hot DI-systems

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PVDF-HP 4.1 Fitting / valve quality specificationAll PVDF-HP-fittings must meet the following specification:

Dimension and tolerances acc. ISO DIS 10931-3Surface roughness 20-225 mm Ra ≤ 15,1µ" (0,38µm)(axial and radial) 250-315 mm Ra ≤ 19,8µ" (0,5µm)(acc. Din 4768)Cleanness no contaminationDuring fitting production continuous quality controls have to be performed andmonitored. Minimum required production control:


Measurement ISO/DIS 10931-3 every 2 hoursCondition ofdelivery visual each fittingColor visual each fittingMarkings visual each fittingInner surface DIN4768 1x/shiftPackaging visual each fittingX-ray test visual every 2 hours

3.3 Pipe marking andlabellingAll PVDF-HP-pipes have to be markedon their outside surface in a contolleddistance of 1m with

- name of manufacturer- type of material (PVDF)- dimension (outside diameter)- wall thickness- pressure rating- identification for HP-quality

(HP-marking)- lot number


Pipe identification shall be performedwith heat embossed lettering (withoutcolour marking). Each protective pipemust be marked with labels. Minimuminformation on the labels:

- name of manufacturer- PVDF (material identification)- outside diameter- wall thickness- pressure rating- lot number- HP-marking

4.0 Fittings and valves

All PVDF-HP-fittings have to bemanufactured in designated productionareas for PVDF on equipment designedfor processing PVDF. During injectionmolding, the area of resin hopper andthe mold have to be covered by laminarflows class 100. After production allPVDF-HP-fittings have to be precleanedin accordance with section 5.0 of thisspecification. AGRU-PVDF-HP-fittingsconform to the requirements of ISO DIS10931-3 for establishing of hydrostaticbasis. All butt welding fittings have tobe rated in the same SDR-system as thePVDF-HP-pipes (see section 3.0 of thisspecification). All socket welding fittingsshall be suitable for socket fusion andthe dimension shall comply with ISODIS 10931-3.

4.2 Packaging of fittings and valves

After the cleaning process the fittingshave to be double packed in a PE/nylonunpigmented composite bag. Bags haveto be tear proof. The bags have to bepurged with clean, dry nitrogen (class5.0). Packaging must take place only ina closed cleanroom class 100. The doublepacked fittings have to be marked onlyat the outer bag with dimension andpressure rating of the fitting (by labelling).This part of packaging has to take placeouside of the cleanroom.

4.3 Fitting /valve markingand labelling

All PVDF-HP-fittings have to be moldedwith clear identification:

- name of manufacturer- dimension- wall thickness- pressure rating- PVDF (material identification)- lot number

All boxes have to be marked with fullidentification:

- name of manufacturer- dimension- wall thickness- pressure rating- type of fitting- identification for HP-quality- PVDF (material identification)- lot number

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PVDF-HP 5.0 Cleaning of PVDF-HP-fittings and valves

All PVDF-HP-fittings and valves mustbe precleaned after the productionprocess, using automati-sized cleaningequipment. Each fitting shall be rinsedfor a minimum of 60 minutes in thisprocess using ultra pure water at elevatedtemperature.

The specification for the UPW must be: TOC: ≤ 10 ppb resistivity: > 18 ΜΩtemperature: > 70°C/158°F

The UPW quality must be continuouslyrecorded by an ANATEL A1000. Thecleaning process must take place undercleanroom condition class 100. Afterprecleaning all fittings have to be driedwith HEPA filtered air (class 100).

6.0 Quality controlBeside the production control an internal Q.C. has to be performed by an internal(independent of production ) QC-department. Minimum required tests:


Dimensions ISO/DIS 10931 1x/productionInner Surface DIN4768 1x/productionDelivery visual 1x/productionColor visual 1x/productionMarking visual 1x/productionSurface roughness 1x/weekMicropores microscope 1x/weekMFI-raw material. DIN53735 1x/chargeMFI-pipe DIN53735 1x/productionInternal pressure test 1x/weekImpact test DIN53453 1x/production

ASTM D-256Density raw DIN 53479 occasionallymaterial ASTM D-792Surface prop. SEM occasionallyHeat reversion ISO DIS 10931 1x/production

All internal tests have to be recorded. For each shipment, QC-documents acc. EN10204 have to be supplied for each batch of fittings and pipes.


7.0 Joining proceduresAll pipes and fittings shall be prepared using butt fusion or non-contact butt fusion(IR) or HPF techniques as outlined in ASTM D-2657 and DVS 2207. Weldingparameters (temperatures, times, pressures) for fusion must be according to manufacturersrecommendations.

7.1 Joining equipmentPipe joining equipment shall be either level style contact butt fusion equipment ornon-contact butt fusion (IR) equipment. For the dimension range up to 63mm HPFis recommended for field joints. The equipment should fulfill the followingrequirements:

- microprocessor controlled welding process- fixed programed welding parameters- welder identification- recording of the welding parameters with traceability to the joint- lable printer for joint marking- adjustable clamps (two directions) for alignment- adjustable welding pressure (determined by pressure gauge)- designed for use under cleanroom conditions

For AGRU-PVDF-HP-pipes and fittings the use of SP110, SP250, UF2000/1UF2000/2 or HPF. .

8.0 Welding and installationtraining and certificationThe installation and joining of AGRU-PVDF-HP-productions shall only beperformed by factory trained and certifiedinstallers. Each installer shall completethe AGRU-welding and installationtraining and certification course. AllPVDF-HP-pipes, fittings and valvesshall be properly prepared in accordancewith high purity standards and themanufacturers written instructions.Installation methods, including supportspacing, support design, and expansioncompensation shall be in conformancewith the manufacturers writtenrecommendations. All weldingparameters should be continuouslyrecorded in compliance with the weldinglot number.

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1.0 ScopeAll requirements for AGRU ECTFE-HP-piping system and associatedjoining equipment and procedures.Applicable to pressure piping systemin the semiconductor industry up totemperatures of 120°C / 248°F.

2.0 MaterialsPipes, fittings and valves are to bemanufactured from virgin ECTFE-polymer. Only unpigmented and virginEthylenchlortrifluorethylene withabsolutely no antioxidants, antistaticagents, colorants, fillers, flameretardents, lubricants, plasticizers,processing acids, UV-stabilizers are tobe used. The material must conform tothe standards ASTM D3222. Thematerial must provide the followingmechanical properties:

Tensile strength at yield ≥ 4495 psiUltimate tensile strength ≥ 7250 psiModulus of Elasticity ≥ 242.875 psiCristalline melting Point

240°C/464°FMelt flow index (275/2,16)

3-6 g/10 min

For transport the raw material shall bepacked in closed clean drums (one waypackaging system). Each resin batch hasto be marked with a lot number and theraw material supplier has to provideQ.C. documentation for outgoingcontrol. All ECTFE-HP-material hasto be stocked in a specially designatedstocking area and has to be properlymarked with Q.C. approvals.

3.0 Pipes

3.2 Packaging of pipesAll pipes have to be packed in thecleanroom (class 100 area). Pipe endsshall be covered with polyethylene filmsand capped with siliconfree unpigmentedPE-caps. Pipes shall then be sleeved ina PE-film (unpigmented) and both endsheat sealed. Pipe is then packed into aPEHD-tube for shipping protection undercleanroom class 10.000. Card boardtubes are not acceptable.

Section VI:SpecificationECTFE-HP

AGRU-ECTFE-HP Specification for pipes, fittings andvalves for application in cold and hot DI-systems


Measurement acc.ISO/DIS 10931-2 every hourSurface visual each pipeColor visual each pipeMarking visual each pipeMicropores microscope 1x/shiftInner surface DIN 4768 1x/shiftPackaging visual each pipeLabels visual each pipe

All ECTFE-HP-pipes have to beproduced within a class 1.000cleanroom. The extruder is dedicated toECTFE-HP and is encased completelywithin the cleanroom. In the area of theresin hoppers and in the area of the pipepackaging cleanroom class 100 must beprovided. All pipes must be stressrelieved on-line during the productionprocess without using an oven (becauseof cleanroom conditions). Pipes shallbe rated according to an SDR pressurerating system of 150 psi (10 bar) at 20°Cfor the dimension range 20mm up to160 mm.

3.1 Pipe quality specificationAll ECTFE-HP-pipes must meet thefollowing specification:Dimensions and tolerances: acc. to

Surface roughness

20-225 mm Ra ≤ 9,9µ" (0,25µm) (axial and radial)250-315 mm Ra ≤ 19,8µ" (0,5µm)

Micropores (microscope 1000 x magnification) < 1 micronCleanness no contamination

During pipe production continuous quality controls have to be performed andmonitored. Minimum required production control:

ISO/DIS 10931-2

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Section VI:SpecificationECTFE-HP 4.1 Fitting /valve quality specification

All ECTFE-HP-fittings must meet the following specification:

Dimension and tolerances acc. ISO/DIS 10931-3Surface roughness 20-225 mmRa ≤ 15,1µ" (0,38µm)(axial and radial) 250-315 mm Ra ≤ 19,8µ" (0,5µm)

Cleanness no contaminationDuring fitting production continuous quality controls have to be performed andmonitored. Minimum required production control:


Measurements acc.ISO/DIS 10931-3 every 2 hoursCondition ofdelivery visual each fittingColor visual each fittingMarkings visual each fittingInner surface DIN4768 1x/shiftPackaging visual each fittingX-ray test visual every 2 hours

3.3 Pipe marking andlabelling

All ECTFE-HP-pipes have to bemarked on their outside surface in acontrolled distance of 1m with

- name of manufacturer- type of material (ECTFE)- dimension (outside diameter)- wall thickness- pressure rating- identification for HP-quality


Pipe identification shall be performedwith heat embossed lettering (withoutcolour marking). Each protective pipemust be marked with labels. Minimuminformation on the labels:

- name of manufacturer- ECTFE (material

identification)- outside diameter- wall thickness- pressure rating- lot number- HP-marking


All ECTFE-HP-fittings have to bemanufactured in designated productionareas for ECTFE on equipment designedfor processing ECTFE. During injectionmolding, the area of resin hopper andthe mold have to be covered by laminarflows class 100. After production allECTFE-HP-fittings have to be precleanedin accordance to section 5.0 of thisspecification. All butt welding fittingshave to be rated in the same SDR-systemas the ECTFE-HP-pipes (see section 3.0of this specification).


4.2 Packaging of fittings and valvesAfter the cleaning process the fittingshave to be double packed in a PE/nylonunpigmented composite bag. Bags haveto be tear proof. The bags have to bepurged with clean, dry nitrogen (class5.0). Packaging must take place only ina closed cleanroom class 100. The doublepacked fittings have to be marked onlyat the outer bag with dimension andpressure rating of the fitting (by labelling).This part of packaging has to take placeouside of the cleanroom.


All ECTFE-HP-fittings have to bemolded with clear identification:

- name of manufacturer- dimension- wall thickness- pressure rating- ECTFE (material

identification)- lot number


- name of manufacturer- dimension- wall thickness- pressure rating- type of fitting- identification for HP-quality- ECTFE (material

identification)- lot number

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Section VI:SpecificationECTFE-HP 5.0 Cleaning of ECTFE-HP-

fittings and valvesAll ECTFE-HP-fittings and valves mustbe precleaned after the productionprocess, using automati-sized cleaningequipment. Each fitting shall be rinsedfor a minimum of 60 minutes in thisprocess using ultra pure water at elevatedtemperature.





Dimensions acc.ISO/DIS 10931 1x/productionInner Surface DIN4768 1x/productionDelivery visual 1x/productionColor visual 1x/productionMarking visual 1x/productionSurface roughness 1x/weekMicropores microscope 1x/weekMFI-raw material DIN53735 1x/batchMFI-pipe DIN53735 1x/productionInternal pressure test 1x/weekDensity raw DIN 53479 occasionallymaterial ASTM D-792Surface prop. SEM occasionallyHeat reversion acc.ISO/DIS 10931 1x/production


8.0 Welding and installationtraining and certificationThe installation and joining of AGRU-ECTFE-HP-productions shall only beperformed by factory trained and certifiedinstallers. Each installer shall completethe AGRU-welding and installationtraining and certification course. AllECTFE-HP-pipes, fittings and valvesshall be properly prepared in accordancewith high purity standards and themanufacturers written instructions.Installation methods, including supportspacing, support design, and expansioncompensation shall be in conformancewith the manufacturers writtenrecommendations. All weldingparameters should be continuouslyrecorded in compliance with the weldinglot number.

7.0 Joining proceduresAll pipes and fittings shall be prepared using butt fusion or non-contact butt fusion(IR) techniques as outlined in ASTM D-2657 and DVS 2207. Welding parameters(temperatures, times, pressures) for fusion must be according to manufacturersrecommendations.

7.1 Joining equipmentPipe joining equipment shall be either level style contact butt fusion equipment ornon-contact butt fusion (IR) equipment. The equipment should fullfil the followingrequirements:



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PPR-HP 1.0 ScopeAll requirements for AGRU PP-R-HP-piping system and associated joiningequipment and procedures. Applicableto pressure piping system in thesemiconductor industry up totemperatures of 95°C / 203°F.

2.0 MaterialsPipes, fittings and valves are to bemanufactured from Random-CopolymerPP (PP-R) grey. Only virgin greypigmented polypropylene has to beused. The material must confirm to thestandards ASTM D-2146 and DIN16962/8077/8078. The material mustprovide the following mechanicalproperties:

Tensile strength at yield ≥ 3625 psiUltimate tensile strength ≥ 5800 psiModulus of Elasticity ≥108.750 psiCristalline melting Point 150-154°C (302-309°F)Melt flow index (190/5) 0,5±0,1 g/10 min

For transport the raw material shall bepacked in closed clean drums (one waypackaging system). Each resin batch hasto be marked with a lot number and theraw material supplier has to provideQ.C. documentation for outgoingcontrol. All PP-HP-material has to bestocked in a specially designated stockingarea and has to be properly marked withQ.C. approvals. Proper handling of thematerial is required.

AGRU-PPR-HP Specification for pipes, fittings andvalves for application in cold and hot DI-systems

3.1 Pipe quality specificationAll PP-R-HP-pipes must meet the following specification:

Dimensions and tolerances: acc. to DIN 8077

Surface roughness Ra=15,8µ" ÷ 59,1µ" (0,4 - 1,5µm)(axial and radial)acc. DIN 4768Micropores (microscope 1000xmagnification) < 1 micronCleanness no contamination

During pipe production continuous quality controls have to be performed and monitored.Minimum required production control:


Measurement DIN 8077 every hourSurface visual each pipeColor visual each pipeMarking visual each pipeMicropores microscope 1x/shiftInner surface DIN 4768 1x/shiftPackaging visual each pipeLabels visual each pipe

3.0 PipesAll PP-R-HP-pipes have to be cleanedand packed within a class 1.000cleanroom. Extrusion equip-mentdesignated for PP has to be used. AGRU-PP-R-HP-pipes conform to therequirements of DIN 8077/78 and ASTMD-2146 for establishing a hydrostaticbasis. Pipes shall be rated according toan SDR pressure rating system of 150psi (10 bar) at 20°C for the dimensionrange 20mm up to 400 mm oralternatively of 85 psi (6 bar) at 20°C forthe dimension range 90mm up to400mm.

3.2 Packaging of pipesAll pipes have to be packed in thecleanroom (class 1000 area). Pipe endsshall be covered with polyethylene filmsand capped with siliconfree unpigmentedPE-caps. Pipes shall then be sleeved ina PE-film (unpigmented) and both endsheat sealed. Pipe is then packed into aPEHD-tube for shipping protection undercleanroom class 10.000. Card boardtubes are not acceptable.

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3.3 Pipe marking andlabelling

All PP-R-HP-pipes have to be markedon their outside surface in a conrolleddistance of 1m with

- name of manufacturer- type of material (PP-R)- dimension (outside diameter)- wall thickness- pressure rating- identification for HP-quality


Each protective pipe must be markedwith labels. Minimum information onthe labels:

- name of manufacturer- PP-R (material identification)- outside diameter- wall thickness- pressure rating- lot number- HP-marking


All PP-R-HP-fittings have to bemanufactured in designated productionareas for PP-R on equipment designedfor processing PP-R. After productionall PP-R-HP-fittings have to beprecleaned in accordance to section 5.0of this specification. AGRU-PP-R-HP-fittings conform to the requirements ofDIN 16962 for establishing ofhydrostatic basis. All butt weldingfittings have to be rated in the sameSDR-system as the PP-R-HP-pipes (seesection 3.0 of this specification). Allsocket welding fittings shall be suitablefor socket fusion and the dimension shallcomply with DIN 16962.

4.1 Fitting /valve quality specificationAll PP-R-HP-fittings must meet the following specification:

Dimension and tolerances acc. DIN 16962Surface roughness DIN 4768 Ra=15,8µ" ÷ 59,1µ" (0,4 - 1,5µm)(axial and radial)Cleanness no contamination

During fitting production continuous quality controls have to be performed andmonitored. Minimum required production control:


Measurement DIN 16962 every 2 hoursCondition ofdelivery visual each fittingColor visual each fittingMarkings visual each fittingInner surface DIN4768 1x/shiftPackaging visual each fittingX-ray test visual every 2 hours


PPR-HP



After the cleaning process the fittingshave to be double packed in a PE/nylonunpigmented composite bag. Bags haveto be tear proof. The bags have to bepurged with clean, dry nitrogen (class5.0). Packaging must take place only ina closed cleanroom class 100. The doublepacked fittings have to be marked onlyat the outer bag with dimension andpressure rating of the fitting (by labelling).This part of packaging into the boxeshas to take place ouside of the cleanroom.

4.2 Packaging of fittings and valves

All PP-R-HP-fittings have to be moldedwith clear identification:

- name of manufacturer- dimension- wall thickness- pressure rating- PP-R (material identification)- lot number


- name of manufacturer- dimension- wall thickness- pressure rating- type of fitting- identification for HP-quality- PP-R (material identification)- lot number

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PPR-HP 5.0 Cleaning of PPR-HP-fittings and valves

All PP-R-HP-fittings and valves mustbe precleaned after the productionprocess, using automatisized cleaningequipment. Each fitting shall be rinsedfor a minimum of 60 minutes in thisprocess using ultra pure water at elevatedtemperature.



7.0 Joining proceduresAll pipes and fittings shall be installed



Dimensions DIN 8077 / 8078 1x/productionInner Surface DIN4768 1x/productionDelivery visual 1x/productionColor visual 1x/productionMarking visual 1x/productionSurface roughness 1x/weekMicropores microscope 1x/weekMFI-raw material DIN53735 1x batchMFI-pipe DIN53735 1x/productionInternal pressure test 1x/weekDensity raw DIN 53479 occasionallymaterial ASTM D-792Surface prop. SEM occasionallyHeat reversion DIN 8077 / 8078 1x/production



using butt fusion or non- contact butt fusion (IR) techniques as outlined in ASTM D-2657 and DVS 2207. Welding parameters (temperatures, times, pressures) for fusionmust be according to manufacturers recommendations.

7.1 Joining equipmentPipe joining equipment shall be either level style contact butt fusion equipment ornon-contact butt fusion (IR) equipment. The equipment should fullfil the followingrequirements:


8.0 Welding and installation training and certification

The installation and joining of AGRU-PP-R-HP-productions shall only beperformed by factory trained and certifiedinstallers. Each installer shall completethe AGRU-welding and installationtraining and certification course. AllPP-R-HP-pipes, fittings and valves shallbe properly prepared in accordance withhigh purity standards and themanufacturers written instructions.Installation methods, including supportspacing, support design, and expansioncompensation shall be in conformancewith the manufacturers writtenrecommendations. All weldingparameters should be continuouslyrecorded in compliance with the weldinglot number.

HIGH PURITY - Asahi/America

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