HIGH-CAPACITY HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING POWER CABLES

Jean-Maxime SAUGRAIN

NEXANS Corporate VP Technical

IASS Workshop Postdam – May 13, 2011

NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 2

High-capacity High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cables provide electric utilities with a new tool to address key drivers

Safety Transformers can be removed from city centers through high-capacity medium voltage HTS cables

Eco-friendliness . No thermal or magnetic impact on the environment . Lower losses . The cooling fluid, liquid nitrogen, is a low-cost, abundant and environment-friendly fluid

Growing power consumption in urban areas Additional power can be transmitted through existing right-of-way

Rationale

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Contents

! Introduction to HTS power cables

! High-capacity HTS cable projects

! Expectations

! Conclusion

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Contents

! Introduction to HTS power cables

! High-capacity HTS cable projects

! Expectations

! Conclusion

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Application voltage MV HV

Lapped dielectric HTS tape (conductor)

HTS tape (shield) Copper shield stabilization

Former

Inner cryogenic envelope wall Outer cryogenic envelope wall

Outer cable sheath

Liquid nitrogen flow Protection layer

Introduction to HTS power cables

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1.  Corrugated inner tube 2.  Low-loss spacer 3.  Vacuum space (<10-5 mbar) 4.  Multilayer superinsulation 5.  Corrugated outer tube 6.  PE jacket (optional)

Nexans is the world leader in flexible cryostats with more than 30 years of experience

Introduction to HTS power cables Cryogenic envelope

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Contents

! Introduction to HTS power cables

! High-capacity HTS cable projects

! Expectations

! Conclusion

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! Long Island Power Authority – Holbrook Substation

! 600 m long cold dielectric cable system 138kV/2400A ~ 574MVA

! Design fault current: 51 kA @ 12 line cycles (200ms)

! 600 meter cable pulled in underground HDPE conduit

World’s longest HTS cable and first installation at transmission voltage level

Holbrook Substation

Switching Station

600 meter

LIPA1 project Overview

Demonstrating feasibility of HV HTS cable technology

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LIPA1 project Team

Nexans AMSC AIr Liquide LIPA

Technical Project Manager HTS Wire Supplier System Planning/ Transmission System Integration

Cable System Installation Support & Terminations

Cooling Systems Installation Support

System Planning

Commissioning

American Superconductor Prime Contractor / Consortium Lead

Permitting Right Of Way / Land Acquisitions Switch Gear

System Operations

Department of Energy SPI - Long Island

O&M Contract

Construction Management Civil Work

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HV Termination

Redundant Cooling & Control

Cold Termination

Bul

k LN

2 S

tora

ge

Heat

Pow

er

SC

AD

A

Supply

Return

LIPA1 project Cable cooling flow

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! Vertical part:

! Thermal gradient management (from 77 to 300 K)

! Connection to grid

! Horizontal part:

! Connection to HTS cable

! Management of cable thermal shrinkage

LIPA1 project Termination concept

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! Cable and termination prototypes were tested in a dedicated high voltage test field in Hanover

! The 30 m x 12 m x 9 m screened room is connected to a liquid nitrogen cooling system liquid nitrogen (temperature around –200°C)

LIPA1 project Qualification of prototypes

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! Pulling was carried out for all phases without any issue

! Cryogenic envelope vacuum integrity verified after pulling

Cable Pulling Force

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Distance [m]

Forc

e [N

]

Phase 1Phase 2Phase 3

LIPA1 project Cable pulling

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Terminations were assembled on site after cable pulling

LIPA1 project Assembling of terminations

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LIPA1 project Assembling of terminations

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LIPA1 project Connection to grid

World’s longest HTS cable successfully energized on April 22, 2008

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Redundant Cooling & Control

Bul

k LN

2 St

orag

e

Heat

Power

SCA

DA

Supply

Return

Replacement of one phase (introducing second-generation HTS tapes and repairable cryogenic envelope)

Field joint

Preparing for multi-kilometer HV HTS cables

! Project funded by the U. S. Department of Energy ! Same partners (American Superconductor, Air Liquide and LIPA)

and same site as for the LIPA1 project

Installation and commissioning around the end of 2011

LIPA2 project

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! Project funded by Endesa in Spain

! Other partners: ICMAB, Labein

! Key features:

! One 30-meter phase

!  24 kV, 3200 A

! Cable manufactured by Nexans and tested in the Hanover laboratory

Supercable project Overview

World’s ampacity record: 3200 A

Project successfully completed in December 2009

Supercable termination

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Main HTS AC cable projects

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Contents

! Introduction to HTS power cables

! High-capacity HTS cable projects

! Expectations

! Conclusion

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3 single cores

1000

2000

Transmitted power (MW)

100 200 300 400 Voltage (kV)

3000

4000

5000

500

AC resistive

Expectations High-capacity HTS AC cables

With HTS AC cables, the same power can be transmitted at a lower voltage

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! High-current HTS tapes (to minimize the number of HTS layers):

!  Avoid current distribution issues

!  Reduces mechanical issues

! Low-loss system:

!  HTS tapes with low AC-losses

!  Low-loss cryogenic envelope

!  High-efficiency cooling system

! High-voltage accessories (complexity increasing quickly with voltage):

!  In-field demonstration of 138 kV terminations completed

!  Ongoing developments: 138 kV joint, 154 kV system, 275 kV system

High-capacity HTS AC cables Technical hurdles to be overcome

Losses similar to the ones of conventional systems

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High-power 10 kV link for feeding the center of Essen

110 kV substation (Herkules in suburban area)

40 MVA

Conventional 110 kV cable

10 kV substation (Dellbrügge in city center)

HTS 10 kV cable

40 MVA

Dellbrügge

Herkules

Main train station

! Key features: !  Cable system with concentric phases !  World’s first combination with HTS fault

current limiter

! End user: RWE

! Funding: RWE and BMWi

HTS cable project under discussion Supply of city center with MV HTS cable

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Bipole +/-

1000

2000

Transmitted power (MW)

100 200 300 400 Voltage (kV)

3000

4000

5000

500

DC resistive

Expectations High-capacity HTS DC cables

With HTS DC cables, a much larger power can be transmitted

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High-capacity HTS DC cables Technical hurdles to be overcome

Lower losses than with conventional systems

! High-current HTS tapes (to minimize the number of HTS layers):

!  Reduces mechanical issues

! Low-loss system:

!  Low-loss cryogenic envelope

!  High-efficiency cooling system

! High-voltage accessories (complexity increasing quickly with voltage):

!  Laboratory demonstration at Nexans of 200 kV termination

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Contents

! Introduction to HTS power cables

! High-capacity HTS cable projects

! Expectations

! Conclusion

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Conclusion

! The feasibility of HTS AC power cables has been demonstrated up to 138 kV and this technology is now mature enough for in-field implementation

! Demonstration projects are now moving to longer lengths (up to 6 km !), higher voltages eyond 200 kV for both AC and DC !) and greater currents (up to 5 kA AC whereas more than 10 kA DC are envisioned !)

! High-capacity HTS cable systems constitute a new energy-efficient solution to improve congestion management in both distribution and transmission AC power grids but there are only economically viable in some niche applications

! HV HTS DC systems are expected to lead to much lower losses than conventional systems

! The industry needs to focus on reducing the HTS technology cost

! Incentives from local governments could help significantly

Thank you for your attention !