High bleeding risk? No longer a contraindication for DES
Transcript of High bleeding risk? No longer a contraindication for DES
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Philip Urban
Meyrin - Geneva
June 15, 2016
High bleeding risk? No longer a contraindication for DES
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Coronary stenting & bleeding risk
• Early days & the DAPT duration debate
• HBR patients & the LEADERS FREE trial
• Other data from randomized trials
• Bleeding vs. thrombosis
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Gladys Desmeules 1936 12 Juin, 1986
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2006
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1988
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Angiographic follow-up after placement of a self-expanding coronary artery stent
Serruys PW et al New Eng J Med 1991;324:13-17
67%
5%
3%2%
23%
Scan of fig 1
patent
occluded
March 86-January 88
117 wallstents in 105 patients
Angio FU in 95 patients at 5.7 mths
23%
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6.2
2.4
8.6
11
1.6
0.6
5.7 5.6
3.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
ISAR STARS FANTASTIC MATTIS
ASA + OAC
ASA + TIC
ASA
Death/MI/Re-intervention at 30-day
Antithrombotic treatment
after bare metal stent implantation
ISAR: Schoemig A et al, NEJM 1996;334:1084
STARS: Leon M et al, NEJM 1998;339:1665
FANTASTIC: Bertrand ME et al, Circulation 1998;98:1597
MATTIS: Urban P et al, Circulation 1998;98:2126
%
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RAVEL - Marie-Claude Morice et al.N Engl J Med 2002;346:1773-80
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0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
OPTIDUAL (1799)
DES LATE (2701)
DAPT DES (9961)
ITALIC (1850)
PRODIGY (2014)
ARCTIC INTER. (1259)
SECURITY (1399)
ISAR SAFE (4000)
EXCELLENT (1443)
OPTIMIZE (3120)
RESET (2117)
MACCE ST
months
DAPT duration after DES
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0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
OPTIDUAL (1799)
DES LATE (2701)
DAPT DES (9961)
ITALIC (1850)
PRODIGY (2014)
ARCTIC INTER. (1259)
SECURITY (1399)
ISAR SAFE (4000)
EXCELLENT (1443)
OPTIMIZE (3120)
RESET (2117)
BLEEDING
DAPT duration after DES
months
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«For every complex problem there is an answer that is clear, simple and wrong»
H.L.Menken
Optimal DAPT duration after coronary stenting?
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Ndrepepa G et al J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:690–7
4 ISAR trials (5384 patients)
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DAPT duration
Stent
Lesion & Procedure
Patient
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Coronary stenting & bleeding risk
• Early days & the DAPT duration debate
• HBR patients & the LEADERS FREE trial
• Other data from randomized trials
• Bleeding vs. thrombosis
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High Bleeding Risk Patients (HBR)
• Mostly excluded from device and APT trials
• Never specifically studied
• Current guideline recommendations:
• BMS + one month DAPT
• DES + “shortened” DAPT
Ventes
All-comers HBR
Planned surgeryNeed for anticoagulants
Anemia/bleeding
Cancer
Recent
stroke
Advanced age
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BioFreedom™ Drug Coated Stent (DCS)
Potential Advantages:
Avoid any possible polymer-related adverse effects
Rapid drug transfer to vessel wall (98% within one month2)
Safe to shorten DAPT?
BA9TM Drug 10 Times More
Lipophilic than Sirolimus1
Sirolimus Zotarolimus Everolimus Biolimus A9TM
0
20
40
60
80
100 %
+/- 2.8% (valid for all drugs test)
1. Data on file at Biosensors Intl; 2. Tada et al., Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010;3;174-183
Selectively Micro-Structured Surface Holds
Drug in Abluminal Surface Structures
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Median In-Stent LLL at 12-month Follow-up2nd Cohort – Primary Endpoint
0.17
0.22
0.35
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
BioFreedom BioFreedom low-dose Taxus
N = 31 N = 31N = 35
p = 0.001 (non-inferiority)
Costa R et al. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2016; 9: 51-64
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LEADERS FREE Trial Design
Prospective, double-blind randomized (1:1) trial
2466 High bleeding risk (HBR) PCI patients
vs.
DAPT mandated for 1 month only, followed by long-term SAPT
BioFreedom™
DCS
Gazelle™
BMS
• Primary safety endpoint:
Composite of cardiac death, MI, definite / probable stent thrombosis
at 1 year (non-inferiority then superiority)
• Primary efficacy endpoint:
Clinically-driven TLR at 1 year (superiority)
Urban P et al. Am Heart J 2013; 165: 704-9
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Leaders Free
Switzerland
Participating Center Principal Investigator Enrollment
Triemli Hospital, CH Franz Eberli 47
University Hospital Zurich, CH Oliver Gamperli 23
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), CH Eric Eeckhout 23
Cardiocentro Ticino, CH Tiziano Moccetti 19
La Tour Hospital, CH Philip Urban 10
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Franz Eberli MD
• 74 year old man, 5 weeks crescendo angina (August 2013).
• First episode during a mountain hike, now with minimal exertion
•
• 2010 Prostate cancer:
• Radical prostatectomy & radiation therapy
• Radiation proctitis complicated by infrequent bleeding
• 2013 Bladder cancer: partial surgical resection of bladder
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PCI August 14, 2013
Stenosis mid LAD Stent 2.75x14mm Result post Stent
Stopped Clopidogrel mid-September 2013
May 2014: macrohematuria + reintervention (on ASA) for bladder ca.
August 2015 (2 year FU): doing well, no angina, no further bleeding.
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Christoph Dubois MD
• 84 years old man
• NIDD, high BP, hyperlipidemia
• Hx gastric ulcer
• AF on Pradaxa (110 mg BD)
• Creatinine clearance 52 ml/min
• Hb 10.7 g/dl
• Admitted for CHF, preserved LVEF, inferior
hypokinesia, biopsies negative for amyloidosis
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Diagnostic angiogram
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PCI - April 2014
Antithrombotic regimen:
1 mth triple Rx
11 mths NOAC + ASA
Then NOAC aloneClinical events:
June 2014: fall + haematoma requiring hospital
admission (Hb 8.4 g/dl) – adjudicated as BARC 2
Nov 2014: Readmitted for CHF + renal failure
April 2016: stable, no angina.
Study stent 28 x 3.5 mm
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A straight forward case…
• 66 year old lady with recurrent grade 2 AP in October 2013
• Lobectomy March 2013 for bronchial carcinoma
• Bilateral hip replacement planned ASAP (pain ++ & walking with difficulty)
• Randomized November 5, 2013
Single 3 x 14 mm LF stent
On aspirin and clopidogrel for 30 days, aspirin alone afterwards
Hip operations done January and March 2014: no problems (TF 1 unit)
Seen November 2015: doing well, no angina, no tumor recurrence
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Inclusion Criteria Applied (1.7 criteria / patient)
1.1
0.9
1.2
1.6
3.1
3.4
3.8
9.7
15.2
15.3
17.9
36.7
64.5
1.6
0.8
2
1.5
2.8
3.9
2.7
9.9
16
17.4
20.2
35.6
64.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Prior intracerebral bleed
Severe liver disease
Stroke < 1 year
Thrombocytopenia
NSAID or steroids
DAPT compliance
Hospital for bleeding
Cancer
Anemia or recent TF
Surgery soon
Renal failure
Oral anticoagulants
Age ≥ 75
BMS
DCS
Urban P et al, NEJM 2015; 373: 2038-47
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Baseline Characteristics
DCS (%) BMS (%)
Mean age 75.7 + 9.4 75.7+9.3
Female gender 29.8 30.9
BMI 27.5 ± 4.8 27.2 ± 4.6
Diabetes 34.0 32.3
NSTEMI presentation 22.4 23.2
STEMI presentation 4.7 4.0
Prior MI 19.6 21.4
Prior PCI 22.2 21.9
Prior CABG 9.4 10.1
Multivessel CAD 62.9 61.6
Congestive heart failure 14.4 12.4
Atrial fibrillation 34.9 34.6
Peripheral vascular disease 15.7 15.8
Chronic obstructive lung disease 10.9 11.7
None of the baseline characteristics differ at p < 0.05
Urban P et al, NEJM 2015; 373: 2038-47
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Index Procedure
DCS (%) BMS (%)
Radial access 60.7 58.7
Staged procedure 4.5 5.9
Multi-lesion procedure 37.8 35.3
Multi-vessel procedure 21.8 21.4
Number of treated lesions / patient 1.6 ± 0.8 1.6 ± 0.9
LMS 3.0 3.9
SVG 1.4 1.8
Bifurcation 14.9 16.0
ISR 2.4 2.6
CTO 5.0 4.4
None of the procedure characteristics differ at p < 0.05
Urban P et al, NEJM 2015; 373: 2038-47
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Index Procedure (Continued)
DCS BMS
Mean stent diameter 3.0 ± 0.4 3.0 ± 0.4
Mean total implanted
stent length / patient34.5 ± 23.1 33.4 ± 23.4
Mean number of stents
implanted / patient1.9 ± 1.1 1.8 ± 1.2
Lesion success 97.7 98.0
Device success 97.7 97.6
Procedure success 94.4 93.7
UFH during procedure 90.5 89.4
LMWH during procedure 8.4 8.8
Bivalirudin during procedure 1.1 1.8
2b3a blocker during procedure 2.0 1.2
None of the procedure characteristics differ at p < 0.05
Urban P et al, NEJM 2015; 373: 2038-47
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Primary Endpoints
LEADERS FREE
Efficacy (cd-TLR) Safety (cardiac death, MI, ST)
DCS BMS BMSDCS
Primary Efficacy and Safety Endpoints
Urban P et al, NEJM 2015; 373: 2038-47
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Components of Safety Endpoint
4.2
6.1
2.0
5.3
8.9
2.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Cardiac death MI ST (def / prob)
DCS BMS
%
p = 0.01 p = 0.70p = 0.19
Urban P et al, NEJM 2015; 373: 2038-47
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Bleeding During 12 Months Follow-Up
18.1
13.9
7.2
19.1
14.7
7.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
BARC 1-5 BARC 2-5 BARC 3-5
DCS BMS
%
p = 0.55 p = 0.68 p = 0.96
Urban P et al, NEJM 2015; 373: 2038-47
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Major bleeding in DES DAPT trials (first 12 months on DAPT after PCI)
7.2
2.8 2.7
0.6 0.6 0.4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LEADERSFREE
ARCTIC(2440)
DAPT DES(22866)
EXCELLENT(721)
RESET(1058)
OPTIMIZE(1556)
%
LEADERS FREE BARC 3-5
ARCTIC STEEPLE major
DAPT DES GUSTO moderate or severe
EXCELLENT TIMI major
RESET TIMI major
OPTIMIZE trial specific
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EXCELLENT RESET ARCTIC OPTIMIZE DAPT
DES
LEADERS
FREE
Low Hb or
thrombocytopenia✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
Recent bleeding ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
Anticoagulants ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
Need for surgery ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
Renal or hepatic
failure✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
STEMI and/or GP
2b3a blockers✗ ✗ ✗ not excluded
Anticipated
difficulties with
long term DAPT✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
DAPT trials exclusion criteria (✗)
vs. LEADERS FREE inclusion criteria (✓)
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There now is a choice…
PCI candidate
not HBR HBR
DCS & short DAPTDES & guidelines
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Coronary stenting & bleeding risk
• Early days & the DAPT duration debate
• HBR patients & the LEADERS FREE trial
• Other data from randomized trials
• Bleeding vs. thrombosis
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DES & very short DAPT - two very different questions:
Is it safe to stop early
for selected patients?how do DES/DCS compare
with a BMS standard, combined
with systematic ultra-short DAPT ?
RESET (E-ZES 3 mo)
OPTIMIZE (E-ZES 3 mo)
LEADERS FREE (BA9 DCS 1 mo)
ZEUS HBR (E-ZES 32 days)
All comers High risk for bleeding
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• 2117 patients
• 1ary EP: CV death, MI, ST, TVR
or bleeding
E-ZES + 3 mo DAPT
vs.
SES, EES or R-ZES + 12 mo DAPT
JACC 2012; 60: 1340-8
Major bleeding
E-ZES: 0.2%
Control: 0.6%
Primary EP Stent thrombosis
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E-ZES vs. a thin-strut BMS
+ 30 days DAPT
• 828 HBR patients
• 1ary EP: death, MI, TVR
JACC intv 2016; 9: 426-36
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Completed randomized trials (clinical endpoints)
of very short DAPT (3 months or less)
Trial stent typelimus
kineticspatients
experimental
arm DAPTcomparator outcome
RESET (1)Endeavor
ZES
1st G
perm polyfast
2117
Low/med risk3 months
R-ZES, SES or
EES & 12
months DAPT
achieved
non-inferiority
OPTIMIZE (2)Endeavor
ZES
1st G
perm polyfast
3119
Low/med risk3 months
E-ZES & 12
months DAPT
achieved
non-inferiority
ZEUS (3)Endeavor
ZES
1st G
perm polyfast
1606
Doubtful DES
candidates
variable
(median
32 days)
BMS &
same DAPT
Achieved
superiority
LEADERS
FREE (4)
BioFreedom
BESpolymer-free fast
2466 High Bleeding Risk
(HBR)1 month
BMS &
same DAPT
achieved
superiority for
safety & efficacy
1) Kim B-K et al. JACC 2012; 60: 1340-8
2) Feres F et al. JAMA 2013; 310: 2510-22
3) Valgimigli M et al. JACC 2015;65:805-15
4) Urban P et al. NEJM 2015; 373: 2038-47
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Coronary stenting & bleeding risk
• Early days & the DAPT duration debate
• HBR patients & the LEADERS FREE trial
• Other data from randomized trials
• Bleeding vs. thrombosis
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A delicate balance
bleedingthrombosis
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DAPT SAPT
Major Bleeding and Thrombotic Eventsin the DCS and BMS Arms
8.6%
7.3%
7.2%
5.7%
p=0.006
BMS - Bleeding
BMS - Thrombotic Events
DCS - Bleeding
DCS - Thrombotic Events
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 90 180 270 360
Cu
mu
lati
ve
Pe
rce
nta
ge
(%
)
Days since procedure
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Independent Predictors of Bleeding and Thrombosis
(Hazard Ratio % 95% CI)
Thrombotic Events Major Bleeding
Plasma creatinine > 150 umol/l 1.80 (1.19-2.72) p=0.005 -
Multivessel disease 1.70 (1.14-2.54) p=0.010 -
Bifurcation target lesion (1 or more) 1.50 (1.03-2.19) p=0.036 -
BMS (vs. DCS) 1.43 (1.04-1.98) p=0.029 -
Age > 75 1.53 (1.08-2.16) p=0.017 1.50 (1.08-2.08) p=0.021
Number of stents/patient (per stent) 1.16 (1.02-1.31) p=0.018 1.14 (1.02-1.27) p=0.025
Haemoglobin (per 1 mmol/l lower)* 1.21 (1.04-1.40) p=0.014 1.74 (1.53-1.99) p<0.001
Femoral access - 1.66 (1.22-2.27) p=0.001
Oral anticoagulants - 1.83 (1.34-2.50) p>0.001
Model C-statistic 0.66 0.71
* Below 9 mmol/l (145 g/l)
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Predicted Individual Patient Risks of Major Bleeding & Thrombotic Events
1.2
52
.55
10
20
40
Pre
dic
ted
1-y
ea
r M
I/S
T r
isk (
%)
1.25 2.5 5 10 20 40Predicted 1-year bleeding risk (%)
DCS BMS
Thrombotic risk > 2x bleeding risk
Bleeding risk > 2x thrombotic risk
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Example #1 from LEADERS FREE
• 75 years old lady
• Recurrent GI bleeding
• Presents with NSTEMI
Hemoglobin = 9.7 g/dl
Colonic angiodysplasia LM stenosis (Medina 1-1-1)
Femoral access
LM bifurcation target
Multivessel disease
• Culotte to LM (2 BMS)
September 2013
• Day 14 after PCI:
GI bleeding, & Hb drop to 7.9 g/dl
NSTEMI (type 2 MI)
Transfused 2 units (BARC 3a)
Continued on DAPT
• Clopidogrel alone after day 29
• No further events during 2 year FU
Courtesy of Keith Oldroyd, Glasgow, Scotland
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Trial stent typelimus
kineticspatients
experimental arm DAPT
control armStatus
(clinicaltrials.gov) Spring 2016
SENIORSynergy
EES2nd G
biodeg polyslow
1200 elderly (>75)
SCAD 1 month ACS 6 months
BMSenrolment completed
YONSEIUNIVERSITY
BioFreedom
DCSpolymer-free fast
3020 low risk SCAD
1 monthBiomatrix & 6-12 mths
DAPT enrolling
ISAR DAPT Coroflex ISARpolymer-free
matrixslow
906low risk SCAD
3 months 6 months DAPT enrolling
REDUCECombo
SESEPC capture &
biodeg polyslow
1500 low risk ACS after
successful PCI3 months 1 year DAPT enrolling
ReCre8 Cre8SES
polymer-free slow1532
all-comersSCAD 1 month ACS 12 months
R-ZES same DAPT
enrolling
MASTER DAPTUltimaster
SES2nd G
biodeg polyslow
4300HBR
1 month guidelines planned
HOST-IDEAOrsiro SES
Coroflex ISAR
2ndG biodegPoly-free
matrix
slow
slow
2132SCAD
(no OAC)3 months 1 year DAPT planned
STOPDAPT-2Xience
EES2nd G
perm polyslow
3000low/med risksuccessful PCI
1 month 1 year DAPT planned
COBRA-REDUCE
Cobra PzFPolyzene-F
nanocoatingna
840 on AVK or NOAC
2 weeksEES or R-ZES &
6mths DAPTplanned
Ongoing/planned RCT (clinical endpoints)
of short DAPT (3 months or less)
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Conclusions (I)
HBR patients have until now often been excluded from
stent and drug trials. They constitute a rapidly growing
proportion of PCI candidates and suffer high event
rates
LEADERS FREE is the first randomized clinical trial
dedicated to such patients
Together with an ultra-short (1 month) DAPT course,
the use of a BA9-DCS was both significantly safer and
more effective than a control BMS in HBR patients
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Conclusions (II)
An increased bleeding risk often goes together with an
increased risk of thrombotic events
The BioFreedom DCS with 1 month DAPT should be
considered as the current default therapy for HBR
patients
Several other DES (with degradable or permanent
polymers) are currently beeing evaluated with short
DAPT in HBR patients, but no results are yet
available.
BMS should no longer be used
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Thank you