HIGH ANGLE RESCUES Rope Rescues Often called Vertical Rescue, Technical Rescue or High Angle Rescue...
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Transcript of HIGH ANGLE RESCUES Rope Rescues Often called Vertical Rescue, Technical Rescue or High Angle Rescue...
Mod 3: Technical References
Rope Rescue Level I
HIGH ANGLE RESCUESRope Rescues
Often called Vertical Rescue, Technical Rescue or High Angle Rescue
Use of rope to stabilize and move a victim to safety These rescues require many elements such as rope,
hardware, and anchors. When these elements are combined to construct a functioning unit they are referred to as “systems”
“SRT” – Single Rope Technique is a term that refers to ascending and descending directly on rope without direct aid by contact with the rock, walls, or structures.
HIGH ANGLE RESCUESFire Service Rescue
Many changes since tragic incident in New York City in June of 1980
IAFF, NFPA and ISFSI are active in advances in safety
NFPA 1983 was established to create safety standards for rope rescue equipment
Most significant change was in use of natural fiber ropes for rescue
HIGH ANGLE RESCUESIndustrial Rescue
High potential for high angle incidents in the industrial environment
Confined Space Rescue – specialized industrial rescue operation Due to high death rates, OSHA created specific laws
HIGH ANGLE RESCUESTactical Operations
Law enforcement and military are employing more high angle operations
Contributions from tactical groups in equipment development Special Air Service (SAS) in England credited for
the Figure 8 with ears descenders
STANDARDSNFPA 1006• Rescue
Technician Professional Qualifications
NFPA 1670• Operations and
Training for Technical Rescue Incidents
NFPA 1983• Fire Service
Life Safety Rope and System Components
NFPA 1006Standard for
Rescue Technician Professional Qualifications
Standards that describe specific skill setsLevel I – Awareness and OperationsLevel II - Technician
NFPA 1670 Standard on Operations and Training for
Technical Rescue Incidents
Standards that describe procedures, guidelines and tactics for training and response.
NFPA 1983Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency
Services
Labeling requirementsDesign and construction requirementsPerformance requirementsTesting requirements
Safety FactorsIndustry and Construction
5:1Mountaineering / Self Rescue
10:1NFPA / Rescue
NFPA 1983 utilizes the term “Design Load” to describe the load for which a given piece of equipment or manufactured system was engineered for under normal static conditions.
15:1 (This is an approximate factor based on the following coefficients that varies slightly per NFPA.) “L” Design Load – 300# Coefficient “G” Design Load – 600# Coefficient
The weight of the load may be less or greater than the given coefficient and should be calculated accordingly to insure safe equipment application.
Safety Factors
300# Load
600# Load
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
OSHA 5:1Mountain 10:1NFPA 15:1
Fall FactorsThe fall factor calculation is used to estimate the
impact force on a rope when it is subjected to stopping a falling mass (“impact load”) Calculated by dividing distance fallen by length of rope
used to arrest the fall .25 and above consider high stretch ropes per NFPA
1983This can be applied by considering ¼ the overall length of
rope as the maximum allowable fall distance.This factor applies to dynamic rope and the given
calculation does not accurately correlate to static rope. Fall factor calculations should be utilized as a general principle for safe practices.
FALL FACTORS
Standards Agencies that set standards other than NFPA and
OSHAASTM
International organization that sets high angle standards related to search and rescue, recreational climbing, and arboriculture
CE European organization that sets high angle standards for
recreational climbing, industrial fall protection, and rope access
UIAA International organization that sets standards for ropes,
harnesses, ice axes, helmets, and carabiners to be used by climbers and mountaineers.
Terms and ReferencesRelevant to SF and FF calculations.kN = KiloNewton
Conversion factor to lbs. = 225 (estimate)Common benchmarks are 20 kn and 40 kn which
correlate to 4500 lbs. and 9000 lbs.MBS = Minimum break strength
Represents the TS of a material at failureTS = Tensile Strength
Represents a measurement of the greatest lengthwise stress under slow pull conditions that a rope can resist without failing