Higgs Searches at the Tevatron
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Transcript of Higgs Searches at the Tevatron
Gavin DaviesOn behalf of the CDF and DØ Collaborations
Higgs Searches at the Higgs Searches at the TevatronTevatron
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OutlineOutline•Introduction
– Tevatron
•Standard Model (SM) Higgs– Introduction– Results
•Low & high mass•Combination
•Non-SM Higgs– Introduction– Results
•Prospects & Conclusions
(See parallel sessions for full details)
[ Thanks to all my Tevatron colleagues ]
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Tevatron PerformanceTevatron Performance•Over 4fb-1 delivered per experiment. Over 0.2fb-1 recorded last
month.
•Expect ~6fb-1 by Apr 2009, and 8fb-1 by Oct 2010.
05/02 05/04 05/06 05/08
Average data-taking efficiency > 85%
Results presented here use up to 2.4fb-1
(3fb-1 results at ICHEP)
Many thanks to Accelerator Division
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Standard Model HiggsStandard Model Higgs
•Higgs mechanism– Additional scalar field in SM Lagrangian mass to W,Z & fermions
– Predicts neutral, spin 0 boson• But not its mass
•Direct searches at LEP2– mH > 114.4 GeV
•Improved mt & mw tighten indirect
constraints: – mH < 160 GeV (EW fit)
– mH < 190 GeV if LEP2 limit included
A light (SUSY?) Higgs is favoured
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SM Higgs Production & SM Higgs Production & DecayDecay
•Small production cross-sections– 0.1 -1 pb
•Branching ratio dictates search
•mH < 135 GeV– gg → H → bb overwhelmed by
multijet (QCD) background– Associated WH & ZH production
with H → bb decay– Main backgrounds: W+bb, Z+bb,
W/Z jj, top, di-boson, QCD
•mH > 135 GeV– gg → H → WW – Main background: WW
Exclu
ded
H bbH WW
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SM Higgs TopologiesSM Higgs Topologies•Low mass:
•Intermediate mass:
•High mass:
bbWHqq
bbZHqq
bbZHqq
(*)WWWWHqq
(*)WWHgg
Leptonic decay of W / Z boson provides ‘handle’ for event.H bb reduce SM background
High PT opposite sign leptons.Missing ET
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SM Higgs - snapshotSM Higgs - snapshot•Higgs searches at a hadron machine challenging
•Requires– Efficient triggering, lepton ID,
b-tagging, jet resolution..– Sizeable data-sets
•Well established– Analyses use multivariate techniques
• Neural net (NN), matrix element (ME)..
– Regular Tevatron combinations
•Approaching the SM expectation– Rapid improvement well beyond √L gain
•Even better to come
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•Highest associated production cross-section
– Use electron and muon channels
•Selection– Isolated lepton, missing ET (MET), 2 jets
•Backgrounds– W+jets, QCD, top, di-boson
•Analyses– Separate channels: 1 &
2 b-tags, e or , central or forward – NN (and ME) based analyses using kinematic variables
, ,WH l bb l e
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, ,WH l bb l e •Cross section limits derived from NN distributions
– Compare observed (obs) or expected (exp) limit to SM prediction
•Recent CDF analysis– Including isolated tracks– Increases acceptance by 25%
Lum Obs/SM Exp/SM
DØ 1.7 fb-1 10.9 8.9
CDF 1.9 fb-1 8.2 7.3
Exp/SM = 6.4 (14%
improvement)
mH=115GeV
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, ( )ZH bb WH l bb •Large cross-section & acceptance but hard•Selection
– Two jets, MET (not aligned in with jets)
•Backgrounds– Physics: W/Z + jets, di-boson, top – from Monte Carlo– Instrumental: Mis-measured MET with QCD jets – from data
•Analyses– Optimised b-tagging, NN or decision tree (DT) discriminant
Exp/SM ~8 (both expts.)
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And….And….•Not forgetting .. ZH → llbb
– 1 and 2 b-tags, NN event selection– Exp/SM ~ 16-20 at 115GeV (1fb-1)
•Sensitivity of existing channels rapidly improving
•Add additional channels– DØ
•
– Exp/SM ~ 45 at 120GeV– CDF
•
– Exp/SM ~ 40 at 120GeV•
– Exp/SM ~ 25 at 115GeV
– Adds 10% to CDF combination (≡ 20% more data)
bbqqHWZ /
H
H
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(*)WWWWH •Intermediate mass range•Selection
– 2 like-sign high PT leptons (ee, e, )
•Backgrounds– WW,WZ, charge flips (from data)
•Analyses– DØ 1fb-1 and CDF 1.9fb-1
Exp /SM ~25 at 140GeV
Exp /SM ~20 at 160GeV
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( ) , ,H WW l l l e
•Dominant for mH >135GeV
•Selection– 2 isolated, opposite sign leptons, MET
•Backgrounds– Drell-Yan, W+jets/QCD, tt, SM WW
•Analyses:– WW from spin 0 Higgs
• Leptons prefer to point in same direction
– Use NN, using kinematic variables and ME as inputs
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( ) , ,H WW l l l e •Matrix element
– Use observed leptons & missing ET (xobs)
– Integrate over LO theory predictions
for WW, ZZ, W+, W+jet, Higgs – Construct LR discriminant from probabilities
• Input ME information to NN– CDF – 4 ME’s and 6 kinematic variables– DØ – 1 ME and more kinematic variables
•Cross section limit derived from NN output distribution
LR (H WW)
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( ) , ,H WW l l l e
Expected Limit / SM ~ 2.4Observed Limit / SM ~ 2.1
Expected Limit / SM ~ 2.5Observed Limit / SM ~ 1.6
Closing in on the SM
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CombinationCombination• Compare background and signal
plus background hypotheses using
Poisson likelihoods• Systematics included in likelihoods
• Combine across channels within an experiment
• Combine across experiments
– Since 2005 sensitivity improved
by a factor of 1.7 beyond √L gain
Obs/SM Exp/SM
115GeV 3.7 3.3
160GeV 1.1 1.6
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Non-SM HiggsNon-SM Higgs•MSSM
– 2 Higgs doublets, ratio of vev’s = tan– 2 charged (H) and 3 neutral Higgs particles: = h, H, A– At large tan
• Coupling to d-type fermions enhanced by tan→ α tan2• 2 A
– For low & intermediate masses• Br (→ bb) ~90%, Br (→ ) ~10%
→ and b→ bbborb→btopologies
bb
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Neutral MSSM HiggsNeutral MSSM Higgs •Smaller BR but cleaner•Signal: (eτhad) (μτhad) (eμ) pairs + MET
•Background: →jet fakes
•Use visible mass:
– No significant excess in visible mass, so proceed to set limits• Initially on x Br then interpret in MSSM (FeynHiggs –
arXiv:0705.0746v2)
arXiv:0805.2491
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• MSSM interpretation– Width included
– Limits very similar for <0
– Expect to reach tan~20 at low m A by end 2010
Neutral MSSM HiggsNeutral MSSM Higgs
Most powerful constraints on tan
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Neutral MSSM Higgs Neutral MSSM Higgs bb + bb + b[b]b[b]
•Signal– At least 3 b-tagged jets– Look for peak in dijet mass
•Challenge - Large multijet background– Estimate from 2 b-tagged data and simulation– Composition: Sec. vertex mass (CDF) & fit to multiple b-tagging criteria
(DØ)
– No significant excess, so set limits, initially on x Br then interpret in MSSM
arXiv:0805.3556
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•MSSM interpretation– Width included
Neutral MSSM Higgs Neutral MSSM Higgs bb + bb + b[b]b[b]
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Going further…Going further…•Charged Higgs
–Separate t W+b & t H+b (H+ cs) via mass templates
•And beyond MSSM–Fermiophobic Higgs –Doubly charged Higgs
HR > 127 GeV
HL > 150 GeV
CDF also looked for e/ final states
arXiv:0803.1514arXiv:0805.15
34
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•Rapid evolution
– Significantly better than √L– Increased trigger efficiency, lepton acceptance, improved b-tagging, NN discriminants
•For 2010 expect, beyond √L gain– x 1.4 improvement at high mass and x 2.0 improvement at low
mass
Prospects – SM HiggsProspects – SM Higgs
mH =160GeV mH =115GeV
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Prospects – SM Higgs Prospects – SM Higgs (cont)(cont)
•End 2009– Very limited allowed range
•End 2010– Full exclusion
– 3 evidence possibleover almost entirerange
Assumes two
experiments
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ConclusionsConclusions• Tevatron and CDF/ DØ experiments performing very well
– Over 4fb-1 delivered, with 8fb-1 expected by end of 2010
•New SM analyses keep coming in– Sensitivity almost improving linearly with luminosity– Well established, common effort across the Collaborations
•Closing in on the SM– 2008 - go beyond at 160GeV ?
•Have a clear roadmap to reach desired sensitivity
•Wide range of BSM searches, ready for discovery– Expect to reach tan ~20 at low mA
Exciting times ahead – will only get better!
ICHEP08?
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And…And…
Thank you for your attention
Please see the parallel sessions for full details
Search for the SM Higgs Boson at DØ - Suyong ChoiSearch for Charged Higgs Bosons at DØ - Yvonne PetersSearch for Charged Higgs in Top Quark Decays at CDF -
Geumbong YuSearch for BSM Higgs Bosons at DØ - Ingo Torchiani
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Backup slides
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CDF and DCDF and DØ experimentsØ experiments• Both detectors extensively upgraded for Run IIa
– New silicon vertex detector– New tracking system– Upgraded muon chambers
• CDF: New plug calorimeter & ToF
•DØ– New solenoid & preshowers– Run IIb: New inner tracking layer
& L1 trigger
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DDØØ data taking data taking
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ZH → llbb
ZH → llbb
WH → lbb
H →WW → lvlv
Total
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B-taggingB-tagging• Critical for low mass H bb
– Improves S/B by > 10
• Use lifetime information– Correct for MC / data differences
• Measured at given operating points
• Analyse separately (“tight”) single & (“loose”) double tags
CDF: Secondary vertex reconstruction
• Neural Net - improves purity• Inputs: track multiplicity, pT, vertex
decay length, mass, fit
• Loose = 50% eff, 1.5 % mistag• Tight = 40% eff, 0.5 % mistag
DØ: Neural Net tagger
Secondary vertex & dca based inputs, derived from basic taggers High efficiency, purity
Loose = 70% eff, 4.5% mistag Tight = 50% eff, 0.3% mistag
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DDØ B-taggingØ B-taggingSeveral mature algorithms used:
• 3 main categories:
- Soft-lepton tagging
- Impact Parameter based
- Secondary Vertex reconstruction
Several mature algorithms used:
• 3 main categories:
- Soft-lepton tagging
- Impact Parameter based
- Secondary Vertex reconstruction
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B-tagging – (DB-tagging – (DØ) Ø) CertificationCertification
•Have MC / data differences – particularly at a hadron machine
– Measure performance on data
• Tag Rate Function (TRF) Parameterized efficiency & fake-rate as function of pT and η
– Use to correct MC b-tagging rate
•b and c-efficiencies– Measured using a b-
enriched data sample
•Fake-rate– Measured using QCD data
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Tau IDTau ID• CDF: Isolation based
• Require 1 or 3 tracks, pT > 1GeV in the isolation cone
– For 3 tracks total charge must be ±1
– pThad > 15 (20) GeV for 1 (3)
prongs– Mhad < 1.8 (2.2) GeV
• Reject electrons via E/p cut• Validated via W/Z measurements• Performance
– Efficiency ~ 40-50%– Jet to tau fake rate ~0.001-0.005
• DØ: 3 NN’s for each tau type
• Validated via Z’s
Efficiency (NN>0.9): ~0.65, jets ~0.02
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, ,ZH llbb l e •Cleanest channel, but low cross
section•Selection:
– Loose lepton ID, 2 jets
•Backgrounds:– Z+jets, top, WZ, ZZ, QCD
•Analyses – Constrain dijet mass– NN event selection
Exp/SM ~ 16
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Limit SettingLimit SettingLEP: Low background, small systematics Tevatron/LHC: High background, large systematics
• Systematics, including correlations, taken into account• Main systematics (depending on channel):
- Luminosity and normalisation- QCD background estimates- Input background cross-sections- Jet energy scale and b-tagging- Lepton identification- K-factors on W/Z + heavy flavour
• Systematic uncertainties included in likelihood via gaussian smearing of expectation (‘profile likelihood’)
• Background constrained by maximising profile likelihood (‘sideband fitting’)
• Tevatron experiments use LEP CLs (modified frequentist) and Bayesian methods
• Limit setting approaches agree to within 10%
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Spring 08 SM Spring 08 SM CombinationCombination
WH→lbb 1.9 + 1.7 fb—1 / NN+NN
e/, 1b/2b
ZH→ll bb 1.0 + 1.1 fb—1 / NN+NN
e/, 1b/2b
ZH→ bb 1.7 + 2.1 fb—1 / NN+DT Z→, W→ł (1b/2b)
H→ (gg,VBF,WH,ZH)
2.1 + ….. fb-1 / NN .
+ 2 jets
H→ …... + 2.3 fb-1 / Di- mass
H→WW* 2.4 + 2.3 fb—1 / NN&ME
ee, e,
WH→WWW* ….. + 1.1 fb—1 /2D LHood
ee, e,
Total of 28 CDF + DØ channels combined
Channel Lumi /Technique Final state
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Spring 08 SM Spring 08 SM CombinationCombination
ChannelCDF
Obs (exp)DØ
Obs (exp
WH→lbb 8.2 (7.3) 10.9 (8.9)
ZH→ll bb 16 (16) 17.8 (20.4)
ZH→ bb 8.0 (8.3) 7.5 (8.4)
H→ 30.5 (24.8) -
H→ - ~45
H→WW* 1.6 (2.5) 2.1 (2.4)
WH→WWW* - 24 (18)
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Spring 08 SM Spring 08 SM CombinationCombination
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MSSM benchmarksMSSM benchmarks•Five additional parameters due to radiative correction
– MSUSY (parameterizes squark, gaugino masses)
– Xt (related to the trilinear coupling At → stop mixing)
– M2 (gaugino mass term) (Higgs mass parameter)
– Mgluino (comes in via loops)
•Two common benchmarks– Max-mixing - Higgs boson mass
mh close to max possible value
for a given tan– No-mixing - vanishing mixing in
stop sector → small mass for h
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Neutral MSSM HiggsNeutral MSSM Higgs Limits: x Br ( ) Evolution:Full 2010 dataset (2 expts.)
Width: