Hide the Stack:Toward Usable Linked Data
description
Transcript of Hide the Stack:Toward Usable Linked Data
HidetheStack:TowardUsableLinkedData
A.‐S.Dadzie1,M.Rowe2&D.Petrelli3
1.TheOAKGroup,Dept.ofComputerScience,TheUniversityofSheffield
2.TheKnowledgeMediaInsPtute,TheOpenUniversity3.Art&DesignResearchCentre,SheffieldHallamUniversity
KeyMessage• LinkedData
– connecPonsbetweendisparate,independent(albeitrelated)data– renderingpublicinterestdataaccessible
• allowinghiddeninformaPontobediscoveredmoreeasily
• enablingquesPonstobeansweredmorefully
• PotenPalwidelyrecognised,but– verylarge‐scale,wide‐coverage,highlyinter‐linkeddatarepositories– under‐uPlisedoutsideSemanPcWebcommunity
• Aimsoftheresearch– explorenewmethodsforpresenPngLinkedDatatowideraudience
– supportmoreintuiPveexploraPonandknowledgeretrieval– encouragewiderusebyweb‐savvybutnon‐technicalusers
Outline
• Challenges
• IllustraPveScenario
• ExisPngWork• Approach
• IniPalEvaluaPon• Conclusions&NextSteps
• Acknowledgements
Outline
• Challenges
• IllustraPveScenario
• ExisPngWork• Approach
• IniPalEvaluaPon• Conclusions&NextSteps
• Acknowledgements
ChallengesinLinkedDataConsumpPon
1. CombaPnginformaPonoverload2. ExploraPonstarPngpoint3. Returningsomethinguseful
4. EnablinginteracPon
HowcanwemakeLinkedDatausabletoreal,endusers?
• whereendusersbroadlyclassifiedintooneof:– SemanPcWebexperts
– web‐savvybutnon‐technical
Outline
• Challenges
• Illustra.veScenario
• ExisPngWork• Approach
• IniPalEvaluaPon• Conclusions&NextSteps
• Acknowledgements
Sampledataset‐Data.dcs• researchgroupsinDCS,UniversityofSheffield• ontologies(re)used
– FOAF,PRV,SWRC,BIB• byLinkedDatastandardsverysmall
– over8000statements– ~3000(disPnct)graphnodes– howeversPllhighlightsthescaleofthechallengesfaced
Scenario
• InformaPon‐seekingscenario
– enduser:aprimaryschoolteacher
– task:lookingforresearchinlocaluniversityon‘WebTechnology’
– toolstypicallyusedforinformaPonseekingacPviPes:• websearch/browse• library
• considertheuniversitydepartment’swebsitebuiltontopofData.dcs
Outline
• Challenges
• IllustraPveScenario
• Exis.ngWork• Approach
• IniPalEvaluaPon• Conclusions&NextSteps
• Acknowledgements
ToolsforconsumingLinkedData
• SemanPcWebuser– wellcateredfor– typicaltasks
• browsingRDF• validaPngdataandmodels
• extracPngdatausingformalquerysyntax
• mainstreamwebuser– lowertoolsupport– typicaltasks‐exploratoryinformaPonseeking
• searchandquery(usinglessformalmethods,e.g.,forms)
• browsingtodiscoverinformaPon
• sharingofinformaPondiscovered,resultsofanyanalysis
ToolsforconsumingLinkedDataToolType ExamplesofTools
formadedtextdisplayofRDF(e.g.,usingHTMLtables,templates)
Sig.ma,Marbles,URIBurner,Haystack,Tabulator
RDFgraphmodel W3CRDFValidator,SindiceInspector
othergraphvisualisaPon IsaViz,RDFGravity,Cytoscape,RelFinder
otherdomain‐specificvisualisaPon DBPediaMobile,TalisResearchFundingExplorer
ExpectedSkillSet ExamplesofTools
understandingofSWtechnologystack
Sig.ma,Marbles,URIBurner,W3CRDFValidator,RelFinder,Tabulator
formalquerying,e.g.,SPARQL LESS
basictoadvancedknowledgeseeking,exploratorynavigaPon
DBPediaMobile,RelFinder,TalisRFE,IsaViz
webbrowsing(desktop,mobile) LESS,DBPediaMobile
See also: • Dadzie, A.-S. & Rowe, M. (In press). Approaches to Visualising Linked Data: A Survey, the Semantic Web Journal — Special Call for Survey articles on Semantic Web topics. • Katifori, A., Halatsis, C., Lepouras, G., Vassilakis, C. & Giannopoulou, E. (2007). Ontology visualization methods — a survey, ACM Computing Surveys.
Outline
• Challenges
• IllustraPveScenario
• ExisPngWork• Approach
• IniPalEvaluaPon• Conclusions&NextSteps
• Acknowledgements
ATemplate‐basedSoluPon
• takingadvantageofself‐describingRDFdata– lookupclassofagivenresource– loadtemplatebasedonclass–i.e.,rdf:typeoftheinstance
• focusonperPnentinformaPoninadataset
• highlightrelaPonshipswithindata• allowenduserstoretrievedetailinROIs(regionsofinterest)
• combinetemplateswithinformaPon/knowledgevisualisaPon
– hidethecomplexityoftheunderlyingdata– removetheneedforspecialistSWknowledgeorskill
Whythisapproach?• Templates
– valueseeninthewideuseofFresnellensesandothertemplatedevelopmenttoolsandlanguages,e.g.,IsaViz,LENA,LESS
– simplicity,reusability,extensibility,flexibility
• VisualisaPon– overviewtosupportdetecPonofdatastructure
• exploratoryinformaPonseeking
• idenPfying/highlighPngrelaPonships• recognisinganomalies,errors
– reducPonincogniPveload–throughadvancedhumanpercepPon• especiallyusefulforanalysisoflarge,complexdata
TemplateDesign
• idenPfykeyconcepts&relevantmetadatatodefinetemplates– matchtostandardontologies,e.g.,FOAF,PRV,SWRC,BIB
– SPARQLqueries–builtbasedonFresnellensSPARQLselectors
• presentaPonmethods– visualoverview‐node‐linkgraph
• collapseinformaPonrelatedtokeyconceptsintocompoundnodes
• filteroutlessimmediatelyrelevantdata–providemoreroomforROIs
– visualencoding• colourcodingbasedonRDFtype(nodesandlinks)• iconsbasedonRDFtype(nodes)• sizetoencodenodeproperPes,e.g.,no.ofoutlinks
– detailview• textandthumbnails/icons
Data.dcstemplates
• mainconcepts– Organisa.on[<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Group>]
– Person [<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>]
– Publica.on [<http://zeitkunst.org/bibtex/0.1/bibtex.owl#Entry>]
• informaPonofmaininterest–keyconcepts– organisaPonalstructure‐researchgroups– people– relaPonshipswithinstructure
Challenge1:Comba.nginforma.onoverload
• verylargeamountsofdistributed,heterogeneousdata
• highinter‐linking
Data.dcs–RDFgraph
DrawnusingSindiceInspector–first1000triplesonlyforusabilityreasons
Data.dcs‐RDFTextvsBasicGraph
Data.dcs–TemplateGraphView
Challenge1:SoluPonProposed
• Comba.nginforma.onoverload– verylargeamountsofdistributed,heterogeneousdata
– highinter‐linking
• oursoluPon:– visualoverview+filters– highlighPngkeyrelaPonships– detailview
• focusongraphROIwithincontextofsurroundingdata+textdetail&thumbnailsorrepresentaPveicons
• SWusers– mayhaveaspecificURItoexplore
• mainstreamusers– mayormaynothaveaspecificstarPngpoint
– onenstartwithavagueideaandbrowsetofindifthereisanythinginteresPng
Challenge2:Explora.onstar.ngpoint
Designideas:Detailtemplates
Challenge2:SoluPonproposed
• Explora.onstar.ngpoint– SWusers
• mayhaveaspecificURItoexplore
– mainstreamusers• mayormaynothaveaspecificstarPngpoint
• onenstartwithavagueideaandbrowsetofindwhattheywant
• oursoluPon:– supportboth
• whereinput,specificURIasfocusatstart• extractlistofpotenPalstartpoints
– selectedfromkeyRDFtypesinadataset
– randomlychosenfocus–influencedbycontext
• centregraphonfocus
• whatistheenduserlookingfor?
• howcanwepresentthedatasotheyareabletofindit?
Challenge3:Returningsomethinguseful
Data.dcs–RDF/XML
Co‐ordinatedTemplateViews
Co‐ordinatedTemplateViews
UndertheHood‐DetailView
• e.g.,SPARQLquerytemplateforthefullpublicaPonview
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX bib: <http://zeitkunst.org/bibtex/0.1/bibtex.owl#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?publicationTitle ?year ?bookTitle ?personUri ?author ?imageUri
WHERE { <data.dcs:publicationUri> bib:title ?publicationTitle ; bib:hasYear ?year ;
bib:hasBookTitle ?bookTitle ; foaf:maker ?personUri . ?personUri foaf:name ?author ; foaf:img ?imageUri } ORDER BY DESC(?year) ?publicationTitle
• Returningsomethinguseful– whatistheenduserlookingfor?– howcanwepresentthedatasotheyareabletofindit?
• OursoluPon– graphoverview+detailtemplateview
– reusefamiliarwebbrowserlookandfeel(detail)
– interacPvegraph• tosupportexploratorynavigaPon• retaincontextofsurroundinginformaPon
• colourcodingtohighlightkeyresourcetypesandrelaPonships
Challenge3:SoluPon
• OursoluPon– graphoverview+detailtemplateview
– reusefamiliarwebbrowsinginteracPon
– clicktonavigatethroughdata(inbothviews)– pan+zoomforgraphview
– filterstoremovelessrelevantinformaPon
Challenge4:Enablinginterac.on
Outline
• Challenges
• IllustraPveScenario
• ExisPngWork• Approach
• Ini.alEvalua.on• Conclusions&NextSteps
• Acknowledgements
FormaPveEvaluaPon• atESWC2010‘EssenPalHCIfortheSemanPcWeb’tutorial
– focusgroupof(14)“expertreviewers”– assessingusabilityforbothmainstreamandexpertusers
– trainingtaskandaninformaPonexploraPonexercise
• graphsfoundtobeexpressive• graphvieweffecPveingivingasenseofdatadistribuPon
• detailvieweffecPvelydisplayedkeyresources“inaneatandconciseway”
• prototypeseentohavepotenPalforexploringanddebuggingLD
• somedifficultyforusersnotfamiliarwithinteracPvegraphlayout– “eventuallyyougotabigpictureofthedata’’– “IlikedthedirectmanipulaPonbutthegraphshouldstayput
[whenIclick]”
Outline
• Challenges
• IllustraPveScenario
• ExisPngWork• Approach
• IniPalEvaluaPon• Conclusions&NextSteps
• Acknowledgements
Conclusions
• exploredhuman‐centredsoluPonforconsumingLinkedData– exploiPngtemplates(viaSWtechnology)– combinedwithvisualisaPon
• evaluaPonhighlightedchallengessPllremaining‐amongothers:– scale– complexity
• however–promisingstart....• NextSteps
– moreusercontrol‐(intuiPve)supportfordefiningtemplates,filters– dynamicupdatewithnewLinkedData– formalusabilityevaluaPonwithwiderrangeofusers
Outline
• Challenges• IllustraPveScenario
• ExisPngWork
• Approach• IniPalEvaluaPon
• Conclusions&NextSteps
• Acknowledgements– parPcipantsofESWC2010‘EssenPalHCIfortheSemanPcWeb’tutorial– Funding
• A‐SDadzie–SmartProducts&WeKnowIt(EUFP7),X‐Media(EUFP6)
• MRowe–WeGov(EUFP7)
• DPetrelli–X‐Media(EUFP6)
HidetheStack@SWDogfood