Heterologous Protein Expression in Yeast Malcolm Stratford & Hazel Steels MOLOGIC.
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Transcript of Heterologous Protein Expression in Yeast Malcolm Stratford & Hazel Steels MOLOGIC.
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Heterologous Protein Heterologous Protein Expression in YeastExpression in Yeast
Malcolm Stratford & Hazel SteelsMalcolm Stratford & Hazel Steels
MOLOGICMOLOGIC
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Yeasts & Moulds – The BasicsYeasts & Moulds – The Basics
Yeasts – single-celled fungiYeasts – single-celled fungi > 800 species discovered to date> 800 species discovered to date Yeasts are generally regarded as safeYeasts are generally regarded as safe Moulds – multicelled hyphae, slower Moulds – multicelled hyphae, slower
growing than yeastsgrowing than yeasts Almost all aerobicAlmost all aerobic Form asexual spores for dispersalForm asexual spores for dispersal
= conidia= conidia
Some moulds form mycotoxinsSome moulds form mycotoxins
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Yeast expression systemsYeast expression systems
S. cerevisiaeS. cerevisiae, usually based on 2μm plasmid, , usually based on 2μm plasmid, multicopy episomal, auxotrophic markersmulticopy episomal, auxotrophic markers
P. pastorisP. pastoris, integrating vector, zeocin , integrating vector, zeocin selection, AOX promoter induced by selection, AOX promoter induced by methanolmethanol
K. lactisK. lactis, integrating vector, selection based , integrating vector, selection based on use of an unorthodox nitrogen sourceon use of an unorthodox nitrogen source
Others, small scale work on a few other Others, small scale work on a few other yeasts (10) usually using G418-kanomycin yeasts (10) usually using G418-kanomycin selectionselection
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Can we express Core protein in yeast?Can we express Core protein in yeast?Will it fold correctly? Will it fold correctly? Will GFP be active?Will GFP be active?
Initial experiments – Pichia pastoris expression under
AOX promoter induced by methanol
HeterotandemCore and HeterotandemCore and Core+GFP:Core+GFP:expression in expression in Pichia pastorisPichia pastoris
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pPIC vectors for pPIC vectors for P. pastorisP. pastoris
pPICZ A3329 bp
6xHis
c-myc epitope
Zeo(R)
MCS
3' AOX1 primer
5' AOX1 primer
TEF1 promoter
AOX1 promoter
EM7 promoter
pUC origin
CYC1 transcription terminator
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ResultsResults
Successful transformation of both Successful transformation of both Core protein and Core+GFP into Core protein and Core+GFP into P. P. pastorispastoris
After induction with methanol, After induction with methanol, detected Core and GFP by dot blots detected Core and GFP by dot blots (antibodies)(antibodies)
GFP cultures turned progressively GFP cultures turned progressively green, showing active, correctly-green, showing active, correctly-folded GFPfolded GFP
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Induction of Core+GFP in Induction of Core+GFP in P. P. pastorispastoris
Time-dependent and aeration-Time-dependent and aeration-dependentdependent
Green forms progressively over timeGreen forms progressively over time Faster aeration results in faster Faster aeration results in faster
formation of greenformation of green
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P.pastorisP.pastoris induction media induction media
Standard system = growth in any media; Standard system = growth in any media; induction in YNB + 0.5% methanolinduction in YNB + 0.5% methanol
Eden suggestion = growth on Basal salts; Eden suggestion = growth on Basal salts; induction in YNB + 0.5% methanolinduction in YNB + 0.5% methanol
Mologic system = growth on YEPD;Mologic system = growth on YEPD;induction on low level YNB + 0.7% induction on low level YNB + 0.7% methanol + 30mM succinate buffer pH methanol + 30mM succinate buffer pH 4.54.5
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Methanol Effect:Methanol Effect:Core+GFP in Core+GFP in P. pastorisP. pastoris
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Methanol daily (%)
Gre
en
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Buffer Effect II:Buffer Effect II:ConcentrationConcentration
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
Malic Buffer
Day 3
Day 7
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P.pastorisP.pastoris induction media induction media
Standard system = growth in any media; Standard system = growth in any media; induction in YNB + 0.5% methanolinduction in YNB + 0.5% methanol
Eden suggestion = growth on Basal salts; Eden suggestion = growth on Basal salts; induction in YNB + 0.5% methanolinduction in YNB + 0.5% methanol
Mologic system = growth on YEPD;Mologic system = growth on YEPD;induction on low level YNB + 0.7% induction on low level YNB + 0.7% methanol + 30mM succinate buffer pH methanol + 30mM succinate buffer pH 4.54.5
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Initial experiments –
expression vector under AOX promoter
Core and Core+GFP:Core and Core+GFP:expression in other yeast expression in other yeast speciesspecies
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ResultsResults
Core and Core and Core+GFP also Core+GFP also transformed into transformed into other yeast speciesother yeast species
Expression tested Expression tested in 6 induction in 6 induction mediamedia
8 transformants of 8 transformants of each species each species testedtested
Candida glabrata (Nakaseomyces)
Candida norwegica
Lachancea cidri
Lachancea fermentati
Pichia galeiformis
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Torulaspora delbrueckii
Torulaspora microellipsoides
Williopsis californica
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
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Induction MediaInduction Media
1. YNB Methanol1. YNB Methanol 2. YEPD Glucose2. YEPD Glucose 3. YNB Glucose3. YNB Glucose 4. YEPD Glycerol4. YEPD Glycerol 5. Malt extract5. Malt extract 6. YNB + YEP Methanol6. YNB + YEP Methanol
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ResultsResults
In methanol, only green formed by In methanol, only green formed by P. P. pastorispastoris X33 and WT X33 and WT P. pastorisP. pastoris
Schiz pombe Schiz pombe formed moderate levels formed moderate levels on glucose and glycerolon glucose and glycerol
Z. rouxiiZ. rouxii, , Lachancea cidriLachancea cidri, and , and WilliopsisWilliopsis formed moderate levels on formed moderate levels on glycerolglycerol
Green Ring phenomenon!Green Ring phenomenon!
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New PromotersNew Promoters
Core + GFP placed downstream of 5 Core + GFP placed downstream of 5 yeast promotersyeast promoters
ENO1, PGK1, PMA1, PYK1, RD25ENO1, PGK1, PMA1, PYK1, RD25
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TransformantsTransformantsYeast ENO1 PGK1 PMA1 PYK1 RDN25Candida glabrata 8 8 8 8 8Candida norwegica 8 8 8 8 8Hanseniaspora meyerii 0 1 3 3 4Lachancea cidri 8 8 8 8 8Lachancea fermentati 8 8 8 8 8Pichia galeiformis 8 8 0 0 8Pichia pastoris 219 8 8 8 8 8Pichia pastoris X33 8 8 8 8 7Schizosaccharomyces pombe 8 8 2 0 8Torulaspora delbrueck ii 8 8 8 8 8Torulaspora microellipsoides 8 8 8 8 7Williopsis californica 8 8 6 8 8Z. kombuchaensis 0 0 0 0 1Zygosaccharomyces bailii 2 1 0 2 0Zygosaccharomyces rouxii 0 0 2 0 0
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Induction Media for 5 PromotersInduction Media for 5 Promoters
1. YEPD Glucose pH 4.51. YEPD Glucose pH 4.5 2. YEPD Glycerol pH 4.52. YEPD Glycerol pH 4.5 3. YNB Glucose pH 4.53. YNB Glucose pH 4.5 4. Malt extract4. Malt extract
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Results – 5 PromotersResults – 5 Promoters
Each yeast species (15), 5 promoters, 8 Each yeast species (15), 5 promoters, 8 transformants of each, in 4 mediatransformants of each, in 4 media
= 2400 experimental time courses= 2400 experimental time courses Work ongoing (50% complete)Work ongoing (50% complete) Results disappointing – highest levels Results disappointing – highest levels
only 5% of standard only 5% of standard P.pastorisP.pastoris Promoters generally not recognisedPromoters generally not recognised Need powerful promoter for each new Need powerful promoter for each new
speciesspecies
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Where do we go from here?Where do we go from here?
Complete promoter testingComplete promoter testing Find new species specific promoters Find new species specific promoters
by random integrationby random integration Use existing knowledge of powerful Use existing knowledge of powerful
promoters, e.g. in germinating mould promoters, e.g. in germinating mould spores of spores of Aspergillus nigerAspergillus nigercapable of degrading several million capable of degrading several million times the mass of a spore in 2 days!times the mass of a spore in 2 days!