Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page: 1 ODIN The First Year of.
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Transcript of Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page: 1 ODIN The First Year of.
Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page:
1
ODIN
The First Year of
Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page:
2
20 February 2001 – Launch from Svobodny, Russia
Start-2
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Bad Things First
- Attitude Control System
e.g. Pointing & Beam Offset < 10 arcsec
- Cooler & Battery
- Phase lock 572 GHz
- Phase lock 119 GHz
But Things Improved
Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page:
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ODIN - A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITEFOR
ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY
50/50
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2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (AC) 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS)
1 fixed + 4 tunable receivers
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ODIN
The First Year of
SPECIAL ISSUE Letters - March 2003
?
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System/Topic Author et al.
Odin Observatory L. Nordh
Radiometer U. Frisk
Calibrations M. Olberg
Highlights Å. Hjalmarson
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Molecule Source Isotope
O2 see next slide
H2O W 3 Ori A H2
18O Comets H2
18O Galactic Centre H2
18O IRAS 16297 IC 443 NH3 Oph A Ori A 15NH3 :
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O2 119 GHz
Bad Things First
1 day1 min1 sec 1 hr
1 K
0.1 K
0.01 K
L. Pagani et al. (accepted)
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Line = C18O Noise = O2
L. P
agan
i et
al.
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Odin and
SWAS and
O2
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Oph A : Odin and SWAS and O2
Odin: Pagani et al. 2003SWAS: Goldsmith et al. 2002
TA
(K)
Vlsr (km/s)
Map
Spectrum
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Source X(O2)TMC 1- NH3 < 7.7 (-8)Ori A < 8.9 (-8)NGC 2071 < 1.5 (-7)L 134N - NH3 < 1.7 (-7)Oph A < 9.3 (-8)IRAS 16293 < 1.2 (-7)NGC 6334 I < 7.1 (-8)G0.26-0.01 < 7.6 (-7)M 17 SW < 5.7 (-7)S68 FIRS1 < 9.7 (-8)G34.3+0.2 <5.2 (-8)
TheOxygen Desert
byL. Pagani et al.
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OdinDETECTIONS
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A. Lecacheux et al.
Comets
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A.
Lec
ach
eux
et a
l.
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H2O
H218O
A. Lecacheux et al.
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A. Lecacheux et al.
H2O map
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C. Wilson et al.
Water in W3
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C. Wilson et al.
IRS 5
IRS 4
SWAS pointing
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C.
Wil
son
et
al.
IRS3 no red peak: add IRS3 to IRS5 => inverted asymmetry
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Water toward the Galactic Centre
CND
+50
+20
Aa. Sanqvist et al.
a b c
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Water toward the Galactic Centre
Sgr A* Circum Nuclear DiskAbsorption Feature N(H2) X(H2O)
a 3 kpc arm 3.2 1021 > 2 10-9
b -30 km/s arm 9.0 1020 > 1 10-8
c local Sgr arm 1.0 1022 > 2 10-9 , < 5 10-8 (nd H218O)
Aa. Sanqvist et al.
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Water toward IRAS 16239-2422H
jalm
arso
n e
t al
.
Model parameters: Schöier et al. 2002
ALI: P. Bergman central absorption due to envelope
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Water toward the Orion Molecular Cloud
(0, 0) @ Ori KLA.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al.
Vlsr
T
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A.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al.
Orion KL
H2O 557 GHz
Declination - Velocity
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H2O & H218O in Ori KL
A.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al.
a = H2O observed
b = H218O observed
a´ – b difference
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Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud
Odin: B. Larsson et al.
KAO: Keene et al. 1983
Bar: First NH3 Detection
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Map and Model Parameters: T. Wilson et al. 2001
CO (7- 6)
13´´
Xo(NH3)
Ori KL
Warm Gas: 4.5 10-6
Outflow: 6 10-7
Ori S: 3 10-7
Odin 2´
B. Larsson et al.
Orion Bar
X(NH3) = 5 10-9
(o/p = 1)
Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud
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NH3 without Phase Lock ?
TelluricOzone Line
Low mixer current
rms = 0.3 chnl. = 0.1 km/s
Lar
sso
n e
t al
.
and
Lis
eau
et
al.
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Ammonia toward Molecular Clouds
Odin: R. Liseau et al.
KAO: Keene et al. 1983
DC: First NH3 Detection
Other Sources:
NGC 1333S 140
DR 21 (OH)W 3
W 3 (OH)
No Detections
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NH3 toward the dense core Oph A
R. Liseau et al.
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(a) C17O column density N(H2) = (0.5 – 1.3) 1023 cm-2 [5 – 50 K] volume density n(H2) = (0.4 – 1.0) 105 cm-3
(b) CH3O kinetic gas temperature Tk = 20 K X(CH3OH) = 3 10-9
XE/XA = 0.89
(a & b) ammonia abundance X(NH3) = 8 10-10
Data:C17O Lovas 1992, Chandra et al. 1996, Encrenaz et al. 1974CH3OH Pickett et al. 1998, Pottage et al. 2001, 2002 A-states: Pei et al. 1988, E-states: this workNH3 Cohen & Poynter 1974, Poynter & Kakar 1975, this work
Danby et al. 1988
Oph A NH3 (10 - 00)R. Liseau et al.
Consistency Checks:(11 – 11) (22 – 22) Zeng et al. 1984(22 – 22) (33 – 33) Wootten et al. 1994
(10 – 00) ortho Tex = 6.5 K 0 = 4.6(11 – 11) para 11.8 0.10(22 – 22) para 21.7 0.012(33 – 33) ortho -5.2 -0.005
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and Herschel-HIFI
present Model
Ammonia
and Methanol
Oph A
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20
Feb
ruar
y
2001
Svo
bo
dn
y Ru
ssia
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THE END
BUT NOT FOR ODIN
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Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud
15NH3 and u-line ?
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Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud
15NH3 and u-line ?
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NH3 (10 – 00) phase lock and frequency scale: Orion
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THE ODIN SPACECRAFT
Launch: 2001 on Start-1 (Svobodny, Russia) Orbit: circular synchronous (620 km, ascending node @ 18:00) Lifetime: 2 yr (minimum)
Platform: 3-axis stabilised w. reaction wheels, star trackers & gyros Mass: 250 kg ( Bus: 170 kg, Payload: 80 kg) Height: 2.0 m Width: 3.8 m (1.1 m stowed) Power: 340 W (deployable, fixed solar arrays)
Communication: Esrange, Sweden ( > 720 kbit/s) Data Storage: solid state memory ( > 100 Mbyte)
Telescope: 1.1 m offset Gregorian Pointing: 15 arcsec (staring), (1.2 arcmin scanning: aeronomy) Surface: 8 m primary, 5 m secondary (rms) Material: CFRP skins on honeycomb
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THE ODIN RADIOMETER
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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS
Front-Ends Schottky diodes (120 K, Stirling cooled) 480 - 580 GHz: 4 tunable receivers (17 GHz)
System Noise Temperature: 2300 K (SSB) 119 GHz: 1 fixed receiver (InP HEMT)
System Noise Temperature: 500 K (SSB)
Back-Ends 2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (HAC) 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) (3 filters - 40 MHz: aeronomy)
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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS
C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz
A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz
B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz
B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz
Spectrometer: Bandwidth - ResolutionAOS : 1000 MHz - 1 MHzCorrelators : 4 x 200 MHz - 1 MHz 4 x 100 MHz - 500 kHz 2 x 100 MHz - 250 kHz 1 x 100 MHz - 125 kHz (0.07 km s-1 @ 557 GHz)
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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS
C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz
A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz
B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz
B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz
O2
H2O 557NH3O2
[C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492CO (5-4) 576
572487
119
C18O (5-4) 54913CO (5-4) 551
H218O 548
H217O 552
CS 490 HDO 490 HD18O 493, 502
[13C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492(F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2)
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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS
C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz
A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz
B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz
B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz
O2
H2O 557NH3O2
[C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492CO (5-4) 576
572487
119
C18O (5-4) 54913CO (5-4) 551
H218O 548
H217O 552
SWAS
[13C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492(F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2)
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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS
A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz
B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz
B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz
H2O 557NH3O2
572487
FIRST - HIFI BAND 1480 GHz___________________________________640 GHz
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LOW-LYING LEVELS OF O2 & NH3
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NH3 ENERGY LEVELS
Transition E/k A (J,K) - (J,K) (K) (GHz) (m) (s-1)
(1,0) - (0,0) 29 572 524 1.6 10-3
(1,1) 24 24 1.3 104 1.7 10-7
(2,2) 65 24 1.3 104 2.3 10-7
(2,0) - (1,0) 87 1215 247 1.2 10-2
(2,1)s - (1,1)a 82 1215 247 1.4 10-2
(2,1)a - (1,1)s 80 1168 257 1.2 10-2
SWAS gave little o-H2O, so what about o-NH3 ?
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+ HIGH-LYING LEVELS OF H2O & HDO
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TELESCOPE BEAMS
SWAS553 GHz3.’3 x 4.’5
FIRST557 GHz
39’’
ODIN557 GHz
2.’1
ISO1670 GHz
80’’
FIRST1670 GHz
13’’
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Water toward IC 443
Hjalmarson et al.
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