Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page: 1 ODIN The First Year of.

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Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page: 1 ODIN The First Year of

Transcript of Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page: 1 ODIN The First Year of.

Page 1: Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden 16 - 18 December 2002, page: 1 ODIN The First Year of.

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ODIN

The First Year of

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20 February 2001 – Launch from Svobodny, Russia

Start-2

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Bad Things First

- Attitude Control System

e.g. Pointing & Beam Offset < 10 arcsec

- Cooler & Battery

- Phase lock 572 GHz

- Phase lock 119 GHz

But Things Improved

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ODIN - A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITEFOR

ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY

50/50

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2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (AC) 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS)

1 fixed + 4 tunable receivers

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ODIN

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SPECIAL ISSUE Letters - March 2003

?

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System/Topic Author et al.

Odin Observatory L. Nordh

Radiometer U. Frisk

Calibrations M. Olberg

Highlights Å. Hjalmarson

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Molecule Source Isotope

O2 see next slide

H2O W 3 Ori A H2

18O Comets H2

18O Galactic Centre H2

18O IRAS 16297 IC 443 NH3 Oph A Ori A 15NH3 :

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O2 119 GHz

Bad Things First

1 day1 min1 sec 1 hr

1 K

0.1 K

0.01 K

L. Pagani et al. (accepted)

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Line = C18O Noise = O2

L. P

agan

i et

al.

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Odin and

SWAS and

O2

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Oph A : Odin and SWAS and O2

Odin: Pagani et al. 2003SWAS: Goldsmith et al. 2002

TA

(K)

Vlsr (km/s)

Map

Spectrum

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Source X(O2)TMC 1- NH3 < 7.7 (-8)Ori A < 8.9 (-8)NGC 2071 < 1.5 (-7)L 134N - NH3 < 1.7 (-7)Oph A < 9.3 (-8)IRAS 16293 < 1.2 (-7)NGC 6334 I < 7.1 (-8)G0.26-0.01 < 7.6 (-7)M 17 SW < 5.7 (-7)S68 FIRS1 < 9.7 (-8)G34.3+0.2 <5.2 (-8)

TheOxygen Desert

byL. Pagani et al.

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OdinDETECTIONS

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A. Lecacheux et al.

Comets

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A.

Lec

ach

eux

et a

l.

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H2O

H218O

A. Lecacheux et al.

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A. Lecacheux et al.

H2O map

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C. Wilson et al.

Water in W3

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C. Wilson et al.

IRS 5

IRS 4

SWAS pointing

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C.

Wil

son

et

al.

IRS3 no red peak: add IRS3 to IRS5 => inverted asymmetry

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Water toward the Galactic Centre

CND

+50

+20

Aa. Sanqvist et al.

a b c

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Water toward the Galactic Centre

Sgr A* Circum Nuclear DiskAbsorption Feature N(H2) X(H2O)

a 3 kpc arm 3.2 1021 > 2 10-9

b -30 km/s arm 9.0 1020 > 1 10-8

c local Sgr arm 1.0 1022 > 2 10-9 , < 5 10-8 (nd H218O)

Aa. Sanqvist et al.

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Water toward IRAS 16239-2422H

jalm

arso

n e

t al

.

Model parameters: Schöier et al. 2002

ALI: P. Bergman central absorption due to envelope

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Water toward the Orion Molecular Cloud

(0, 0) @ Ori KLA.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al.

Vlsr

T

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A.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al.

Orion KL

H2O 557 GHz

Declination - Velocity

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H2O & H218O in Ori KL

A.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al.

a = H2O observed

b = H218O observed

a´ – b difference

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Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud

Odin: B. Larsson et al.

KAO: Keene et al. 1983

Bar: First NH3 Detection

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Map and Model Parameters: T. Wilson et al. 2001

CO (7- 6)

13´´

Xo(NH3)

Ori KL

Warm Gas: 4.5 10-6

Outflow: 6 10-7

Ori S: 3 10-7

Odin 2´

B. Larsson et al.

Orion Bar

X(NH3) = 5 10-9

(o/p = 1)

Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud

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NH3 without Phase Lock ?

TelluricOzone Line

Low mixer current

rms = 0.3 chnl. = 0.1 km/s

Lar

sso

n e

t al

.

and

Lis

eau

et

al.

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Ammonia toward Molecular Clouds

Odin: R. Liseau et al.

KAO: Keene et al. 1983

DC: First NH3 Detection

Other Sources:

NGC 1333S 140

DR 21 (OH)W 3

W 3 (OH)

No Detections

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NH3 toward the dense core Oph A

R. Liseau et al.

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(a) C17O column density N(H2) = (0.5 – 1.3) 1023 cm-2 [5 – 50 K] volume density n(H2) = (0.4 – 1.0) 105 cm-3

(b) CH3O kinetic gas temperature Tk = 20 K X(CH3OH) = 3 10-9

XE/XA = 0.89

(a & b) ammonia abundance X(NH3) = 8 10-10

Data:C17O Lovas 1992, Chandra et al. 1996, Encrenaz et al. 1974CH3OH Pickett et al. 1998, Pottage et al. 2001, 2002 A-states: Pei et al. 1988, E-states: this workNH3 Cohen & Poynter 1974, Poynter & Kakar 1975, this work

Danby et al. 1988

Oph A NH3 (10 - 00)R. Liseau et al.

Consistency Checks:(11 – 11) (22 – 22) Zeng et al. 1984(22 – 22) (33 – 33) Wootten et al. 1994

(10 – 00) ortho Tex = 6.5 K 0 = 4.6(11 – 11) para 11.8 0.10(22 – 22) para 21.7 0.012(33 – 33) ortho -5.2 -0.005

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and Herschel-HIFI

present Model

Ammonia

and Methanol

Oph A

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20

Feb

ruar

y

2001

Svo

bo

dn

y Ru

ssia

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THE END

BUT NOT FOR ODIN

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Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud

15NH3 and u-line ?

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Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud

15NH3 and u-line ?

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NH3 (10 – 00) phase lock and frequency scale: Orion

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THE ODIN SPACECRAFT

Launch: 2001 on Start-1 (Svobodny, Russia) Orbit: circular synchronous (620 km, ascending node @ 18:00) Lifetime: 2 yr (minimum)

Platform: 3-axis stabilised w. reaction wheels, star trackers & gyros Mass: 250 kg ( Bus: 170 kg, Payload: 80 kg) Height: 2.0 m Width: 3.8 m (1.1 m stowed) Power: 340 W (deployable, fixed solar arrays)

Communication: Esrange, Sweden ( > 720 kbit/s) Data Storage: solid state memory ( > 100 Mbyte)

Telescope: 1.1 m offset Gregorian Pointing: 15 arcsec (staring), (1.2 arcmin scanning: aeronomy) Surface: 8 m primary, 5 m secondary (rms) Material: CFRP skins on honeycomb

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THE ODIN RADIOMETER

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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS

Front-Ends Schottky diodes (120 K, Stirling cooled) 480 - 580 GHz: 4 tunable receivers (17 GHz)

System Noise Temperature: 2300 K (SSB) 119 GHz: 1 fixed receiver (InP HEMT)

System Noise Temperature: 500 K (SSB)

Back-Ends 2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (HAC) 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) (3 filters - 40 MHz: aeronomy)

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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS

C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz

A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz

B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz

B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz

Spectrometer: Bandwidth - ResolutionAOS : 1000 MHz - 1 MHzCorrelators : 4 x 200 MHz - 1 MHz 4 x 100 MHz - 500 kHz 2 x 100 MHz - 250 kHz 1 x 100 MHz - 125 kHz (0.07 km s-1 @ 557 GHz)

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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS

C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz

A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz

B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz

B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz

O2

H2O 557NH3O2

[C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492CO (5-4) 576

572487

119

C18O (5-4) 54913CO (5-4) 551

H218O 548

H217O 552

CS 490 HDO 490 HD18O 493, 502

[13C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492(F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2)

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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS

C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz

A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz

B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz

B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz

O2

H2O 557NH3O2

[C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492CO (5-4) 576

572487

119

C18O (5-4) 54913CO (5-4) 551

H218O 548

H217O 552

SWAS

[13C I] ( 3P1- 3P0 ) 492(F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2)

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ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS

A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz

B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz

B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz

H2O 557NH3O2

572487

FIRST - HIFI BAND 1480 GHz___________________________________640 GHz

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LOW-LYING LEVELS OF O2 & NH3

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NH3 ENERGY LEVELS

Transition E/k A (J,K) - (J,K) (K) (GHz) (m) (s-1)

(1,0) - (0,0) 29 572 524 1.6 10-3

(1,1) 24 24 1.3 104 1.7 10-7

(2,2) 65 24 1.3 104 2.3 10-7

(2,0) - (1,0) 87 1215 247 1.2 10-2

(2,1)s - (1,1)a 82 1215 247 1.4 10-2

(2,1)a - (1,1)s 80 1168 257 1.2 10-2

SWAS gave little o-H2O, so what about o-NH3 ?

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+ HIGH-LYING LEVELS OF H2O & HDO

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TELESCOPE BEAMS

SWAS553 GHz3.’3 x 4.’5

FIRST557 GHz

39’’

ODIN557 GHz

2.’1

ISO1670 GHz

80’’

FIRST1670 GHz

13’’

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Water toward IC 443

Hjalmarson et al.

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