Heroes Notes

8/12/2019 Heroes Notes

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KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH DARMAN ROAD SHAKARGARH 0333-4919297

CHAPTER NO 1. FIRST DAY AT HARROW

1. Why did not Churchill do well in e!"in!tion#$He was examined in Latin and Mathematics which he disliked. So he could not do well.

%. Churchill w!# t!u&ht En&li#h !t H!rrow !nd not '!tin !nd (ree). W!# it &!in orlo##$ OR Wh!t &ood did hi# three ye!r# #t!y !t H!rrow do hi"$ OR In !*ter ye!r#how did the )nowled&e o* En&li#h #t!nd hi" in &ood #te!d$

The study and getting mastery of English in his three years stay at Harrow was great benetfor the writer because Latin and Greek were not used ractically but English was a racticallanguage.

+. Write !n !,,reci!tion or critici#" o* Churchill-# iew# in re&!rd to the #tudy o*'!tin/ (ree) !nd En&li#h !nd their !lue# in e!rnin& ! liin&.!hurchill said that learning English was more imortant than learning Latin and Greek.English was used in all sheres of life. "t was needed to make a way through life and earn ali#ing. $n the other hand Latin and Greek were only imortant at college. They had nosignicance in ractical life.

0. Wh!t #ort# o* ue#tion !re !#)ed 2y your e!"iner#$$ur examiners ask %uestions from whole syllabus suitable for all tyes of students.

3. The writer #!y# th!t the e!"iner# !#) ue#tion which #tudent# c!nnot !n#wer!nd not tho#e which they c!n !n#wer. I# the co",l!int 4u#t$

This comlaint is only done by idle students who do not reare well. So it is not a &ustcomlaint.

5. Wh!t were the #u24ect# li)ed 2y Churchill$ OR In which #u24ect# did Churchill w!ntto !,,e!r$ OR In which #u24ect# were the e!"iner# intere#ted$!hurchill wanted to aear in history' oetry and writing essays but examiners wereinterested in Latin and Mathematics.

6. Who w!# Weldon !nd how did he hel, Churchill$ Who w!# he!d"!#ter o* H!rrow!nd wh!t w!# hi# iew$ OR Why w!# Churchill !d"itted in H!rrow in #,ite o* ,oor,er*or"!nce in the entr!nce te#t$Mr. (eldon was headmaster of Harrow at the time of !hurchill)s entrance examinations. Hewas broadminded and could see beneath the surface. He ga#e admission to !hurchill in siteof his oor erformance in the examination. He recogni*ed his abilities and ga#e him

admission. Therefore !hurchill had a great regard for him.7. Why W!# So"erell-# "ethod o* te!chin& di8erent$

He had di+erent method of teaching. He took long sentences and di#ided into di+erent artsof seech. He used di+erent coloured ink to indicate arts of seech. This made his methode+ecti#e.

9. Wh!t !d!nt!&e did Churchill &!in to #t!y in the lowe#t *or"$The students in lowest form were taught English only. So !hurchill was taught English. "t wasa great benet for him because it was used ractically.

1:. Why w!# Churchill ,l!ced in lowe#t *or"$He did not erform well in the test. So he was laced in the lowest form. The students werelisted alhabetically. He was laced in the lowest form as his name was Sencer !hurchillstarting with ,S).

11. How did Churchill !tte",t hi# '!tin ,!,er$He did not know e#en a single %uestion. He wrote his name on the to of aer. He wrote%uestion number - and ut brackets around it. He could not answer a single %uestion.

CHAPTER NO %. HITCH;HI


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He showed an exired ermit of (ar Ministry to Lieutenant to get the seat. The o0cer did notsee the back of ermit where there was cancellation seal.

0. Wh!t w!# the "o#t notice!2le *e!ture o* the de#ert city/ n!"ed (h!d!i!$The excessi#e number of 1ies is noticeable feature of the desert city. The food and childrenwere seemed to be co#ered with 1ies.

3. How did they "!n!&e to drie the he!y truc) in the tr!c)le## de#ert with it# #o*t#!nd$

They used the metal sheets whene#er truck began to sink in the sand.5. Wh!t did the drier o* truc) tell Chri#to,her !2out three En&li#h"en who h!d

!tte",ted to cro## the de#ert$ OR De#cri2e the incident o* three En&li#h "ende!th while cro##in& the de#ert.He told that English men were found dead and dried like lea#es because their car had stuckin the desert and they had no water.

6. (ie !n !ccount o* little town/ n!"ed El;(ole!/ !nd co",!re it with In;S!l!h/2rin&in& out the di8erence 2etween the two$ OR Co",!re the condition# o* InS!l!h !nd El (ole!.El2Golea was a beautiful town ro#ided with green trees and su0cient water suly while "n2Salah was consisted of desert. The %uality of water was also #ery oor. They lants hadchanged into bushes.

7. Wh!t do you )now !2out Pro*e##or Cl!ude >!l!n&uernon$ How did he #!e the

hero-# li*e tow!rd# the end o* hitch;li)e$He was 3rench 4rofessor who de#oted himself for Tauregs. He sa#ed !hristoher bycontacting atrol arty when he missed the meeting with !hristoher at "n2/bbangarit wherehe was dying.

9. Who !re ?T!ure@The members of tribe at Tamanarasset are called Tauregs. They were bra#e and courageouswith decent history.

1:. Where !nd how did Chri#to,her le!rn to ride ! c!"el$He learnt to ride the camel in Tamanarasset.

11. Who w!# Chri#to,her !nd where !nd when did he #t!rt hi# 4ourney to cro##the S!h!r! de#ert$!hristoher was an /merican and he started his &ourney from a small town called 5oussaada'

also known as 64ort of the Sahara7. He started his &ourney in -89:.1%. Wh!t w!# the condition o* S!h!r! de#ert in the ,!#t$

The desert of Sahara consisted of huge area of barren sand' few water wells and few lants.The towns were #ery few and widely scattered. The days were #ery hot.

1+. How i# the thir#t *elt in the de#ert 2y Chri#to,her$ OR Why did Chri#to,her!nd hi# *ellow# )ill the c!"el$

The thirst was extreme and killing. $nce during the &ourney' they killed camel to get waterfrom its stomach.

10. How did Chri#to,her "!n!&e to t!)e out w!ter *ro" well !t In A22!n&!rit$He took his radio wire and twisted it. He bound this wire with bucket to get water from deewell. The water was full of mud.

?SIR A'EANDAR F'EBIN(@ CHAPTER NO +

-. Wh!t !re !nti#e,tic# !nd wh!t i# the !nti#e,tic "ethod$The heat and chemicals used to kill the germs are called antisetics. The method of killing inthis way is called antisetic method. This method kees germs away from entering the body.

%. Wh!t !re the chie* de*ect# o* !nti#e,tic "ethod$This method can not kill the germs comletely which ha#e entered the body. Secondly its useinside the body is harmful. "t kills leucocytes which are natural defense of the body.

+. Wh!t ,!rt i# ,l!yed 2y the white 2lood cell# in the 2lood ! hu"!n 2ody$They form natural defense of the body. They kill any germ entering the body. The disease isthe ght between germs and white blood cells.

0. (ie !n !ccount o* e!rly li*e o* Fle"in&.

He was born on /ugust :'-;;-. He was the youngest boy. He got early education from #illageand later went to


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3. De#cri2e how Fle"in& di#coered ,enicillin."n -8=; 3leming was growing germs in culture late when a iece of fungus droed on thelate. "t killed surrounding germs. 3leming called it enicillin.

5. In wh!t re#,ect i# ,enicillin 2etter th!n the che"ic!l !nti#e,tic#$4enicillin is three times stronger than commonly used chemical antisetics. Secondly it isnatural defense and does not harm body cells.

6. Wh!t do you )now !2out the O*ord te!"$$xford team consisted of chemists and bacteriologists with all the e%uiment that 3leminglacked. They succeeded in roducing ractical concentration of enicillin.

7. How did O*ord te!" "!)e ,enicillin "ore e8ectie$They concentrated the enicillin to make it more e+ecti#e. "t is less e+ecti#e in dilute form.

9. De#cri2e ,enicillin !# ! wonder dru&."t changed the medical rofession comletely. "t sa#ed large number of wounded ersons. "tro#ed to be strong weaon against diseases.

1:. W!# Fle"in& ,roud o* hi# di#coery$3leming was not roud on his disco#ery. He was #ery humble on this success. He said' 6" didnot do anything. ature makes enicillin. " &ust found it7.

--.Why could not ,enicillin h!e 2een di#coered in the re#e!rch l!2or!torie# o*A"eric!$/merican laboratories were clean' air conditioned and sterili*ed. /s enicillin is reared with

fungus which is found in dirt and moist conditions' so it was imossible for a fungus to entersuch en#ironment.

1%. Fle"in&-# !chiee"ent ,!ed the w!y *or the other di#coerie# in the"edic!l eld. Wh!t !re they$3leming disco#ered rst antibiotic. His disco#ery excited others to make di+erent antibiotics.

1+. Wh!t do you "e!n 2y #terili=!tion$The rocess used to kill the microbes is called sterili*ation. "t can be done by chemicals andheat.

10. Wh!t !re ly#o=y"e#$3leming named nasal secretion as lyso*ymes. He found that it was naturally roduced in thebody and ha#e caacity to kill microbes. This disco#ery led to enicillin.

-9.Wh!t were the ,ro2le"# durin& w!r*!re$

There was large number of wounded ersons who had gotten infections. The used chemicalmethods were dangerous and ine+ecti#e. So many eole lost their li#es.

-:.How did Fle"in& 2eco"e *!"ou#$3leming disco#ered enicillin' an e+ecti#e antibiotic' so he became famous.

16. Wh!t w!# the !chiee"ent o* B!tchni)o*$He was student of 4asteur. He disco#ered that leucocytes are natural defense of the bodyand they ght against germs.

17. Wh!t w!# the tri2ute &ien to Fle"in& 2y 'ord Bor!n$He comlimented as' 6Hay is he who already belonged to history in his own life time7

?'OIS PASTER@ CHAPTER NO 0

-. De#cri2e the e!rly li*e o* P!#teur$He was born in the >ura district of 3rance in -;==. He went to !ommunal !ollege for studyand then to 5esancon. He became rofessor there. His father was a bra#e soldier and wonmedal in the war.

%. (ie #o"e in#t!nce# o* P!#teur-# ,!trioti#"$He was a true atriot. He &oined ational Guards during crises. $nce he ga#e all his wealth toan altar. He also refused to take degree from German ?ni#ersity because 3rance was at warwith Germany at that time.

@. Wh!t do you )now !2out #,ont!neou# &ener!tion$/ccording to this theory' life can begin from non li#ing things. "t is also called a2biogenesis.

0. How did P!#teur ,roe th!t #,ont!neou# &ener!tion w!# not *!ct$He carried many exeriments to ro#e this theory wrong. He heated things ten degrees more

than their boiling oints and killed all the germs. There was no life in those things afterheating.

9. De#cri2e the i",ort!nce !nd ,o,ul!rity o* the #il)wor" indu#try in Fr!nce. Wh!thel, did P!#teur render in curin& the #il)wor" di#e!#e in hi# country$

LIAQAT ALI MOHSIN M PHIL ENGLISH (LLU)MA ENGLISH (PU) MA ELT (GOLD MEDAL NUML) 3


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"n 3rance silkworm industry was so imortant that 4eole always talked about it. / diseasedestroyed this industry. He searched out the cause of disease and ad#ised eole to keeeggs gi#en by healthy worms only and to kee cleanness and moderate temerature. Thisste sa#ed silk industry.

:. How did P!#teur di#coer the "ethod o* "!)in& o* the !ccine$4asteur in&ected dead or weakened germs in the body of animals. This caused slightsymtoms of disease but they reco#ered soon. /fter this treatment' the animal became safefrom deadly attack of that disease in future. This rocess is called #accination.

A. (ie !n !ccount o* P!#teur-# tre!t"ent o* Hydro,ho2i! !nd how he cured r#t,!tient #u8erin& *ro" it$ OR Wh!t do you )now !2out P!#teur-# wor) in curin&R!2ie# Hydro,ho2i!$"t is a fearful disease caused by bite of mad dogs' bats and cats. 4asteur made #accine fromsinal cord of Babies infected rabbit. He treated Meister' rst human atient with it andresults were ositi#e.

7. How did P!#teur #how the w!y to other #cienti#t#$ (ie !n !ccount o* thedi#coerie#.He disco#ered germs and asetic methods to kill germs. He reared #accine which incitedother scientists to use this method in curing di+erent diseases. 4eole became lesssuerstitious with his disco#eries.

9. Wh!t were iew# o* Huley !2out P!#teur$

He said that 4asteur)s work on fermentation enabled 3rance to ay debts of German23rancewar.

1:. Wh!t do you "e!n 2y !#e,tic "ethod$This method is used to kee germs away from the body. "t used chemicals and heat.

11. Wh!t !re the "e!#ure# !&!in#t "!l!ri! de#cri2ed in the ch!,ter$Malaria can be controlled by destroying breeding laces of mos%uitoes or using di+erentways to kee them away. ?se of mos%uitos) nets' sraying onds and medicines like %uinineare #ery e+ecti#e.

1%. De#cri2e !riou# #u,er#tition# which were ni#hed 2y the di#coerie# o*P!#teur$His disco#eries heled eole to disbelie#e madness caused by moon' fe#er and eilesy bye#il sirits and T.5 as Cing)s e#il.

[email protected] did P!#teur re*u#e to t!)e de&ree o* doctor!te *ro" (er"!n nier#ity$He lo#ed his country #ery much. (hen 3rance was at war with Germany' he refused to takedegree of


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Mustafa Camal met with /li 3aut' commander of small army of atriots at /nkara. "n a secretmeeting' they made a lan of resistance. He #isited di+erent laces and moti#ated andreared them to ght against allied force.

9. Why did Beh"et order

7. Why did Beh"et-# ,l!n *!il$Mustafa Camal did not belie#e in the romises of Mehmet. He stayed in /natolia andcontinued his struggle. He reared army there to ght against foreign occuation.

9. Wh!t were the ter"# o8ered to Tur)ey 2y the Allie#$They o+ered following terms to atriots.1. $ttoman Emire was to be under the suer#ision

of /llied owers %. /ll /rab ro#inces were to be become mandated territories +. The wholeof /natolia was to be added to the state of /rmenia 0. /rea around "*mir would be a Greekdistrict. 3. The caital would remain under control of /llied forces.

-F.Dr!w ! 2rie* !ccount o* the wor)# o* Bu#t!*!

19. Why w!# the N!tion!l A##e"2ly di##oled$

Mustafa Camal gained ower and the allied forces were not safe from the attack of atriots./llied 3orces wanted to draw their army from interior. So ational /ssembly was dissol#ed.

=F.When !nd where w!# Tur)i#h (r!nd N!tion!l A##e"2ly held$

LIAQAT ALI MOHSIN M PHIL ENGLISH (LLU)MA ENGLISH (PU) MA ELT (GOLD MEDAL NUML) 5


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