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Academy of SciencesAddress: 311-A-1 T ownship Lahore. 404-A-1 Township Lahore. 0300-4363932

CHAPTER NO 1. FIRST DAY AT HARROW

1. Why did not Ch!chi"" do #e"" in e$aminations%

He was examined in Latin and Mathematics which he disliked. So he could not do well.&. Ch!chi"" #as ta'ht En'"ish at Ha!!o# and not (atin and )!ee*. Was it 'ain o!

"oss% OR What 'ood did his th!ee yea!s stay at Ha!!o# do him% OR In afte! yea!sho# did the *no#"ed'e of En'"ish stand him in 'ood stead%

The study and getting mastery of English in his three years stay at Harrow was great benetfor the writer because Latin and Greek were not used ractically but English was a racticallanguage.

+. W!ite an a,,!eciation o! c!iticism of Ch!chi""-s ie#s in !e'a!d to the stdy of(atin/ )!ee* and En'"ish and thei! a"es in ea!nin' a "iin'.!hurchill said that learning English was more imortant than learning Latin and Greek.English was used in all sheres of life. "t was needed to make a way through life and earn ali#ing. $n the other hand Latin and Greek were only imortant at college. They had no

signicance in ractical life.0. What so!ts of estion a!e as*ed 2y yo! e$amine!s%

$ur examiners ask %uestions from whole syllabus suitable for all tyes of students.3. The #!ite! says that the e$amine!s as* estion #hich stdents cannot ans#e!

and not those #hich they can ans#e!. Is the com,"aint 4st%This comlaint is only done by idle students who do not reare well. So it is not a &ustcomlaint.

5. What #e!e the s24ects "i*ed 2y Ch!chi""% OR In #hich s24ects did Ch!chi"" #antto a,,ea!% OR In #hich s24ects #e!e the e$amine!s inte!ested%!hurchill wanted to aear in history' oetry and writing essays but examiners wereinterested in Latin and Mathematics.

6. Who #as We"don and ho# did he he", Ch!chi""% Who #as headmaste! of Ha!!o#

and #hat #as his ie#% OR Why #as Ch!chi"" admitted in Ha!!o# in s,ite of ,oo!,e!fo!mance in the ent!ance test%Mr. (eldon was headmaster of Harrow at the time of !hurchill)s entrance examinations. Hewas broadminded and could see beneath the surface. He ga#e admission to !hurchill in siteof his oor erformance in the examination. He recogni*ed his abilities and ga#e himadmission. Therefore !hurchill had a great regard for him.

7. Why Was Some!e""-s method of teachin' di8e!ent%He had di+erent method of teaching. He took long sentences and di#ided into di+erent artsof seech. He used di+erent coloured ink to indicate arts of seech. This made his methode+ecti#e.

9. What adanta'e did Ch!chi"" 'ain to stay in the "o#est fo!m%The students in lowest form were taught English only. So !hurchill was taught English. "t was

a great benet for him because it was used ractically.1:. Why #as Ch!chi"" ,"aced in "o#est fo!m%

He did not erform well in the test. So he was laced in the lowest form. The students werelisted alhabetically. He was laced in the lowest form as his name was Sencer !hurchillstarting with ,S).

11. Ho# did Ch!chi"" attem,t his (atin ,a,e!%He did not know e#en a single %uestion. He wrote his name on the to of aer. He wrote%uestion number - and ut brackets around it. He could not answer a single %uestion.

CHAPTER NO &. HITCH;HI

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&. What had Ch!isto,he!-s foste! mothe! to do #ith his desi!e to see distant ,"aces%The foster mother of !hristoher frightened him of Timbuktu in childhood but instead offrightening he de#eloed a desire to #isit far o+ laces.

+. Ho# did he mana'e to 'et a seat in the #ea,ons ca!!ie!%He showed an exired ermit of (ar Ministry to Lieutenant to get the seat. The o0cer did notsee the back of ermit where there was cancellation seal.

0. What #as the most noticea2"e feat!e of the dese!t city/ named )hadaia%The excessi#e number of 1ies is noticeable feature of the desert city. The food and childrenwere seemed to be co#ered with 1ies.

3. Ho# did they mana'e to d!ie the heay t!c* in the t!ac*"ess dese!t #ith its softsand%

They used the metal sheets whene#er truck began to sink in the sand.5. What did the d!ie! of t!c* te"" Ch!isto,he! a2ot th!ee En'"ishmen #ho had

attem,ted to c!oss the dese!t% OR Desc!i2e the incident of th!ee En'"ish mendeath #hi"e c!ossin' the dese!t.

He told that English men were found dead and dried like lea#es because their car had stuckin the desert and they had no water.

6. )ie an accont of "itt"e to#n/ named E";)o"ea/ and com,a!e it #ith In;Sa"ah/2!in'in' ot the di8e!ence 2et#een the t#o% OR Com,a!e the conditions of InSa"ah and E" )o"ea.El2Golea was a beautiful town ro#ided with green trees and su0cient water suly while "n2Salah was consisted of desert. The %uality of water was also #ery oor. They lants hadchanged into bushes.

7. What do yo *no# a2ot P!ofesso! C"ade >a"an'e!non% Ho# did he sae thehe!o-s "ife to#a!ds the end of hitch;"i*e%He was 3rench 4rofessor who de#oted himself for Tauregs. He sa#ed !hristoher bycontacting atrol arty when he missed the meeting with !hristoher at "n2/bbangarit where

he was dying.9. Who a!e ?Ta!e's@

The members of tribe at Tamanarasset are called Tauregs. They were bra#e and courageouswith decent history.

1:. Whe!e and ho# did Ch!isto,he! "ea!n to !ide a came"%He learnt to ride the camel in Tamanarasset.

11. Who #as Ch!isto,he! and #he!e and #hen did he sta!t his 4o!ney to c!ossthe Saha!a dese!t%!hristoher was an /merican and he started his &ourney from a small town called 5oussaada'also known as 64ort of the Sahara7. He started his &ourney in -89:.

1&. What #as the condition of Saha!a dese!t in the ,ast%The desert of Sahara consisted of huge area of barren sand' few water wells and few lants.

The towns were #ery few and widely scattered. The days were #ery hot.1+. Ho# is the thi!st fe"t in the dese!t 2y Ch!isto,he!% OR Why did Ch!isto,he!

and his fe""o#s *i"" the came"%The thirst was extreme and killing. $nce during the &ourney' they killed camel to get waterfrom its stomach.

10. Ho# did Ch!isto,he! mana'e to ta*e ot #ate! f!om #e"" at In A22an'a!it%He took his radio wire and twisted it. He bound this wire with bucket to get water from deewell. The water was full of mud.

?SIR A(EANDAR F(EBIN)@ CHAPTER NO +

-. What a!e antise,tics and #hat is the antise,tic method%

The heat and chemicals used to kill the germs are called antisetics. The method of killing inthis way is called antisetic method. This method kees germs away from entering the body.&. What a!e the chief defects of antise,tic method%

LIAQAT ALI MOHSIN MA ENGLISH MA ELT B ED ELT 2

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This method can not kill the germs comletely which ha#e entered the body. Secondly its useinside the body is harmful. "t kills leucocytes which are natural defense of the body.

+. What ,a!t is ,"ayed 2y the #hite 2"ood ce""s in the 2"ood a hman 2ody%

They form natural defense of the body. They kill any germ entering the body. The disease isthe ght between germs and white blood cells.

0. )ie an accont of ea!"y "ife of F"emin'.He was born on /ugust :'-;;-. He was the youngest boy. He got early education from #illageand later went to

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Academy of SciencesAddress: 311-A-1 T ownship Lahore. 404-A-1 Township Lahore. 0300-4363932

He was born in the >ura district of 3rance in -;==. He went to !ommunal !ollege for studyand then to 5esancon. He became rofessor there. His father was a bra#e soldier and wonmedal in the war.

&. )ie some instances of Paste!-s ,at!iotism%He was a true atriot. He &oined ational Guards during crises. $nce he ga#e all his wealth toan altar. He also refused to take degree from German ?ni#ersity because 3rance was at warwith Germany at that time.

@. What do yo *no# a2ot s,ontaneos 'ene!ation%/ccording to this theory' life can begin from non li#ing things. "t is also called a2biogenesis.

0. Ho# did Paste! ,!oe that s,ontaneos 'ene!ation #as not fact%He carried many exeriments to ro#e this theory wrong. He heated things ten degrees morethan their boiling oints and killed all the germs. There was no life in those things afterheating.

9. Desc!i2e the im,o!tance and ,o,"a!ity of the si"*#o!m indst!y in F!ance. Whathe", did Paste! !ende! in c!in' the si"*#o!m disease in his cont!y%

"n 3rance silkworm industry was so imortant that 4eole always talked about it. / diseasedestroyed this industry. He searched out the cause of disease and ad#ised eole to keeeggs gi#en by healthy worms only and to kee cleanness and moderate temerature. Thisste sa#ed silk industry.

:. Ho# did Paste! discoe! the method of ma*in' of the accine%4asteur in&ected dead or weakened germs in the body of animals. This caused slightsymtoms of disease but they reco#ered soon. /fter this treatment' the animal became safefrom deadly attack of that disease in future. This rocess is called #accination.

A. )ie an accont of Paste!-s t!eatment of Hyd!o,ho2ia and ho# he c!ed !st,atient s8e!in' f!om it% OR What do yo *no# a2ot Paste!-s #o!* in c!in'Ra2ies Hyd!o,ho2ia%"t is a fearful disease caused by bite of mad dogs' bats and cats. 4asteur made #accine from

sinal cord of Babies infected rabbit. He treated Meister' rst human atient with it andresults were ositi#e.

7. Ho# did Paste! sho# the #ay to othe! scientists% )ie an accont of thediscoe!ies.He disco#ered germs and asetic methods to kill germs. He reared #accine which incitedother scientists to use this method in curing di+erent diseases. 4eole became lesssuerstitious with his disco#eries.

9. What #e!e ie#s of H$"ey a2ot Paste!%He said that 4asteur)s work on fermentation enabled 3rance to ay debts of German23rancewar.

1:. What do yo mean 2y ase,tic method%This method is used to kee germs away from the body. "t used chemicals and heat.

11. What a!e the meas!es a'ainst ma"a!ia desc!i2ed in the cha,te!%Malaria can be controlled by destroying breeding laces of mos%uitoes or using di+erentways to kee them away. ?se of mos%uitos) nets' sraying onds and medicines like %uinineare #ery e+ecti#e.

1&. Desc!i2e a!ios s,e!stitions #hich #e!e nished 2y the discoe!ies ofPaste!%His disco#eries heled eole to disbelie#e madness caused by moon' fe#er and eilesy bye#il sirits and T.5 as Cing)s e#il.

-@.Why did Paste! !efse to ta*e de'!ee of docto!ate f!om )e!man nie!sity%He lo#ed his country #ery much. (hen 3rance was at war with Germany' he refused to takedegree of

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13. Ho# did Paste! discoe! the t!eatment fo! the catt"e disease/ Anth!a$%He #accinated animals. He weakened the germs of anthrax and in&ected the animals. 3irstanimals showed the symtoms but later reco#ered and remained safe from attack of disease.

?BSTAFA anuary' -8=F but Mehmet)s lan failed as Camal had not articiated.

7. Why did Behmet-s ,"an fai"%Mustafa Camal did not belie#e in the romises of Mehmet. He stayed in /natolia andcontinued his struggle. He reared army there to ght against foreign occuation.

9. What #e!e the te!ms o8e!ed to T!*ey 2y the A""ies%

They o+ered following terms to atriots.1. $ttoman Emire was to be under the suer#isionof /llied owers &. /ll /rab ro#inces were to be become mandated territories +. The wholeof /natolia was to be added to the state of /rmenia 0. /rea around "*mir would be a Greekdistrict. 3. The caital would remain under control of /llied forces.

-F.D!a# a 2!ief accont of the #o!*s of Bstafa

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Academy of SciencesAddress: 311-A-1 T ownship Lahore. 404-A-1 Township Lahore. 0300-4363932

-@.Desc!i2e the !efo!ms 2!o'ht 2y Bstafa