Heritage of Greece and Rome Pages 644 to 650. Greece Greece Rugged terrain made travel &...
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Transcript of Heritage of Greece and Rome Pages 644 to 650. Greece Greece Rugged terrain made travel &...
GreeceGreece
Rugged terrain made travel & communication difficult
City-States: large towns w/ own governments (controls the surrounding countryside)
Prized freedom & resisted outside interference
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At the center of each city-state was an acropolis: hilltop fortress.
Public life centered around the acropolis
Greek Ideas About GovernmentGreek Ideas About Government
At first, city-states had a monarch, or king rule.
Then aristocracies, or government by a small, privileged upper class, took over.
Our ideas about democracy came from early Greek traditions.
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By 450 B.C. Athens developed a direct democracy- all citizens participate in government directly, rather than through elected officials.
Pericles (great leader) advanced ideas about democracy.
PericlesPericles
All citizens equal before the law
Each citizen has a right and duty to participate in government
Athenian democracy was limited- only free men born in Athens could participate in gov’t
The Search for TruthThe Search for Truth
Greek philosophers felt this was their duty
Questioned gods and goddesses control of nature
Found natural forces, not evil, caused diseases
Socrates Socrates (470 B.C. to 399 B.C.)(470 B.C. to 399 B.C.)
Socratic Method- Question & answer technique that forces the examination of beliefs & disposal of any belief that could not be proven through reason
Put to death b/c he was seen as corrupting the minds of the youth- He argued he was a friend of the truth
PlatoPlato
Wrote The Republic- describes ideal government based on justice for all
Rejected democracy b/c it condemned Socrates to death
Said philosophers should rule as kings, workers produce food, and soldiers protect the state
AristotleAristotle
Sought truth from experience
Gather evidence from the real world and then use reason to determine truth
Created a system of reason known as logic
Urged for moral behavior and moderation
The Hellenistic WorldThe Hellenistic World
Greek city-states were constantly at war with each other.
Phillip of Macedonia (an outsider) gained control of the city-states.
Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great
Phillip’s son Took over and expanded his empire Spread Greek culture & Aristotle’s
teachings to all of the lands he conquered
Lasting effects on European and Asian cultures- his rich, new culture know as Hellenistic: blended Greek culture with Egypt’s and cultures of the Middle East
Growth of RomeGrowth of Rome
In 509 B.C. Rome set up a republic- citizens who have the right to vote choose their leaders
A senate and an assembly made laws
Patricians- wealthy landowners, controlled the gov’t at first
Plebeians- common people, had no voice in gov’t. They could vote, but could not hold office
Roman ExpansionRoman Expansion
Emphasized duty, sacrifice, and patriotism
Developed strong, swift army that conquered all of Italy, North Africa, Spain, and Greece.
Expansion led to social and economic problems.
To restore order, military leaders ruled.
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar Most brilliant and
powerful leader Conquered many
European lands for Rome
Killed in 44 B.C. b/c people were afraid he was too powerful
His death marked the end of the Roman Republic
His son, Octavian, declared himself emperor and renamed himself Augustus Caesar
Roman CivilizationRoman Civilization
Pax Romana- (Roman Peace) first 200 years of Roman Empire
Developed a legal system to meet the needs of the diverse people they ruled
Everyone equal before the law
Innocent until proven guilty