Hereditary family signature of facial expression.
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Transcript of Hereditary family signature of facial expression.
Hereditary family signature of facial
expression
Universality in facial
expression and perception
Expressed in isolated populations.
“Eyebrow-flash” in Himba
Universality in facial perception
Humans and Apes
Blind from birth and sighted persons
Young & old
Individual facial expression “signature”
A genetic basis of inter-individual anatomical variation in facial muscles
Individual differences are stable over time
neonates Born blind Particular facial
movements Intensities, (Duchenne
and non-Duchenne smiles)
Timing Frequencies Variability Perception
Is there a unique family facial expression “signature”?
Darwin (1872) “The inheritance of most of our expressive actions explains the fact that those born blind display them, as I hear from the Rev. R.H.Blair, equally well with those gifted with eyesight”
Participants: 24 born blind and 30 sighted individuals, belong to 21 families.
Emotional states: Think-concentrate, sadness, anger, disgust, joy and surprise were induced in an individual interview of 55 minutes.
Analyses based on 18.5 hours of video
Documenting by using index of 43 facial movements
Facial expressions of Blind from birth and their close relatives
In-Out family test-Method What is the frequency of occurrence of a facial movement
of a congenitally blind person within his family relative to the frequency of its occurrence outside of his family?
The “In family” value is based on congenitally blind subjects that show a particular facial movement and is defined as
the proportion of their family members (excluding the congenitally blind members) that show this particular facial
movement.
The “Out family” value is based on congenitally blind subjects that do not show this particular facial movement, whilst
their family members do. The “Out family” value is defined as the proportion of family members of these congenitally blind subjects that shows the particular facial movement.
Results of the In-Out family test Concentration
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
Facial movements
Fre
quen
cy %
Sadness
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
Facial movements
Fre
quen
cy %
In family Out family
Anger
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
Facial movements
Fre
quen
cy %
Results of the In-Out family testDisgust
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
Facial movements
Fre
quen
cy %
J oy
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
Facial movements
Fre
quen
cy %
Surprise
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
Facial movements
Fre
quen
cy %
In family Out family
Summary of the “In-Out family test”
In the entire interview and in
think-concentrate, sadness, and anger,
the frequency of occurrence of a facial
movement of a congenitally blind individual in his
family is significantly
higher than that outside his family.
Three families each including two born blind brothers
These results are based on data collected during the entire interview and show that even in families with two born blind brothers the
frequency of occurrence of a facial movement of a congenitally blind individual within his family is significantly higher than that outside
his family. N=6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Facial movements
Fre
quen
cy %
The classification test
Comparing the gestalt of facial movements of born blind to those of their relatives
The number of all possible partitions is: 184756
A successful classification =the blind from birth subject was classified to the group including his
family
Results of the classification test
80% correct classification over the entire interview, 75% in anger, 69% in surprise, 66% in disgust, 60% in
joy, 59% in sadness, and 54% in think-concentrate
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Con
cent
ratio
n
Sad
ness
Ang
er
Dis
gust
Joy
Sur
pris
e
Ent
irein
terv
iew
Emotional states
Ave
rage
cor
rect
cla
ssifi
catio
n (%
)
Conclusions The correlation between
the repertoires of born-blind subjects to those of
their sighted relatives indicates a family facial expression “signature”.
It is shown that the motor patterns underlying facial expressions, have a strong
heritable basis, and that
visual input is not required.
Thanks
Prof. Eviatar Nevo *
Prof. Gadi Katzir **
Dr. Ofer Peleg * Ms. Michal Kamara *** Prof. Hagit Hel-Or ***
Prof. Danny Keren ***
Dr. Leonid Brodsky *
The Caesarea Rothschild Foundation ***
* Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa ** The Biology Department, Oranim, University of Haifa *** The Computer Science Department, The University of Haifa