Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms on Plants modes of action and...Herbicide Modes and Action...
Transcript of Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms on Plants modes of action and...Herbicide Modes and Action...
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Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms on Plants
Richard Smith, Farm AdvisorUniversity of California Cooperative Extension
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Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms on Plants
• Discuss various classes of herbicides andDiscuss various classes of herbicides and their modes of action
• Show examples of the types of symptoms p yp y pthat various herbicides cause on plants
From excess rate or inappropriate rate to certain soil typesFrom mistakes in application to the wrong cropFrom carryover from prior applications orFrom carryover from prior applications, or inadequate soil preparation, etc. From drift
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Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms
• Plant growth regulatorsPlant growth regulators2,4D – hay, turfdicamba (Banvel) - hay( ) ytriclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plant control
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Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms
• Lipid and amino acid synthesis inhibitorsLipid and amino acid synthesis inhibitorssethoxdim (Poast) – grass selective, does not affect broadleaf plantscycloate (RoNeet) - spinachEPTC (Eptam) – beans (effective on yellow nutsedgenutsedgebensulide (Prefar) – lettuce, cole crops, onions, cilantro, etc.,glyphosate (Roundup)rimsulfuron (Matrix) - tomatoes
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Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms
• Cell division and cell wall inhibitorsCell division and cell wall inhibitorsPronamide (Kerb) – head lettuceDCPA (Dacthal) – broccoli, onions( )trifluralin (Treflan) – tomatoes, rapinni s-metolachlor (Dual Magnum) – spinach, beansDimethenamid (Outlook) – onions (controls yellow nutsedge)
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Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms
• Photosynthetic & pigment synthesisPhotosynthetic & pigment synthesis inhibitors
Oxyfluorfen (Goal) – cole cropsParaquat (Gramaxone) – burn down, prior to plantingli (L ) llinuron (Lorox) – celeryprometryn (Caparol) – celerysimazine (Princep) – grapessimazine (Princep) – grapes
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Plant growth regulators• 2,4D• dicamba (Banvel) – haydicamba (Banvel) hay• triclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plants
Commonl sed in t rf to controlCommonly used in turf to control broadleaf weeds (e.g. clover)Issues mostly seen from home ownersIssues mostly seen from home ownersIssues in agriculture not seen much in this area because this class of chemistry inarea because this class of chemistry in totally incompatible with lettuce production (occasionally in Hollister – hay p ( y ygrowing area)
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Plant growth regulators• 2,4D• dicamba (Banvel) – haydicamba (Banvel) hay• triclopyr (Garlon) – turf, woody plants
S mptoms often incl deSymptoms often include:exaggerated growthtwistingtwistingdeformitystraped shaped leavesst aped s aped ea es
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Plant Growth Regulator Symptoms on Lettuce
DicambaDrift from hay Transline symptoms
Carryover in compost
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Probable Phenoxy Symptoms on Peppers
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Plant Growth Regulator carryover in potting soil
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Plant Growth Regulator carryover in potting soil
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Lipid and amino acid synthesis inhibitors
• Lipid and amino acid synthesis inhibitorsLipid and amino acid synthesis inhibitorssethoxdim (Poast) – grass selectivecycloate (RoNeet) - spinachy ( ) pEPTC (Eptam) – beans (effective on yellow nutsedgeb lid (P f ) l tt lbensulide (Prefar) – lettuce, cole cropsGlyphosate (Roundup)rimsulfuron (Matrix) tomatoesrimsulfuron (Matrix) - tomatoes
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Lipid and amino acid synthesis inhibitors
• Lipid inhibition symptoms:Lipid inhibition symptoms:A wide variety of symptoms including deformity of leavesstuntingshiny leaves (removal of cuticle)
• Amino acid inhibition symptoms:Yellowingd f it ( t h d l )deformity (strap shaped leaves)
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Lipid synthesis inhibitorsLipid synthesis inhibitors
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Prefar symptoms in winter are more severe than the summer
Burn on one side of root deformed leaf
Thickening of leaf deformed leaf
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RoNeet Overdose on Spinachptoo high a rate for soil type
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RoNeet Overdose on SpinachRoNeet Overdose on SpinachNote deformity of cotyledons, stunting and death
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RoNeet carryover from an aborted spinach crop on lettuce, light soil (the lettuce grew out of these , g ( g
symptoms very well later in the season)
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RoNeet Damage on Broccolinote the lack of waxy cuticle
RoNeet Untreated Untreated RoNeet
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Amino Acid Synthesis InhibitorsAmino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
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RoundupRoundupYellowing symptoms occur on the growing point of the plant
Glyphosate
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Roundup S t b li d ti h kSymptoms on broccoli and artichoke
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Roundup on RoseRoundup on Rose
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Roundup Symptoms on Onionnote thickening of base of plant
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Matrix on LettuceAmino acid inhibitor symptoms similar toAmino acid inhibitor, symptoms similar to
Round up
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Cell division and cell wall inhibitors
• Cell division and cell wall inhibitorsCell division and cell wall inhibitorsPronamide (Kerb) – head lettuceDCPA (Dacthal) – broccoli, onions( )s-metolachor (Dual Magnum) – spinach, beansDimethenamid (Outlook) – onions (controls yellow
t d )nutsedge)trifluralin (Treflan) - tomatoes
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Cell division and cell wall inhibitors
• Most of these materials are soil applied andMost of these materials are soil applied and affect the roots or are absorbed by the shoot as the plant emerges through the soil
• Common symptoms include: Poor root growth“clubbing of the root”StuntingPoor stand of plantsCan also cause deformity of the tops of the plants
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Poor root development with Kerb Untreated
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Classic haloing of cotyledons from Kerb on lettucefrom Kerb on lettuce
usually seen in the early spring
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Kerb affect on the roots of other cropsother crops
SpinachSpinach
Spinach
Broccoli
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Accidental application of Dacthal on lettucelettuce
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Dual carryover on romaine
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Dual Magnum overdose on Celery
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Dual PPI on Celery ynote poor emergence of the roots from the plug in the treated zone
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Dual PPI on Celery
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Dual Magnum over-the-top to PeppersDual Magnum over the top to Peppers
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Outlook on carrot seedlingsgsevere stunting and poor growth
Standard weed program Outlook
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Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms
• Photosynthetic & pigment synthesisPhotosynthetic & pigment synthesis inhibitors
Oxyfluorfen (Goal) – cole cropsParaquat (Gramaxone) – burn down, prior to plantingli (L ) llinuron (Lorox) – celeryprometryn (Caparol) – celerysimazine (Princep) – grapessimazine (Princep) – grapes
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Herbicide Modes and Action and Symptoms
• Photosynthetic & pigment synthesisPhotosynthetic & pigment synthesis inhibitors
• Symptoms can be dramaticy pBurned areas or spots on the plant Yellowing
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Dramatic Examples of Ph t th ti I hibitPhotosynthetic Inhibitors
Command on Squash and Beets
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Goal aerial driftOn lettuceOn lettuce
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Paraquat aerial drifton lettuceon lettuce
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Residues of goal in the soil and their impact on lettuce seedlingstheir impact on lettuce seedlings
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N DN DNo DamageNo Damage
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N DN DNo DamageNo Damage
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Slight DamageSlight DamageSlight DamageSlight Damage
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Slight DamageSlight DamageSlight DamageSlight Damage
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Increasing DamageIncreasing DamageIncreasing DamageIncreasing Damage
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Moderate damageModerate damage
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Severe DamageSevere Damage
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Splash from the soilSplash from the soil surface to the undersideof the leaf
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Splash from the soil surface to the undersideRusty color on vein
of the leaf
Bleaching/bronzing of the lower epidermis
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Puckered and deformed lower leaves with someo e ea es t so e
necrosis
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Normal moderate severeNormal moderate severe
Affected seedlings can be stunted and set backAffected seedlings can be stunted and set back
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Typical sign of Goal residueson 80 inch wide bedson 80 inch wide bedswinter applications of Goalcannot be worked at thoroughly as 40 inch wide beds and therefore the residuesare not inactivated and can cause thinning out of the stand, particularly in the middleparticularly in the middleof the bed
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Edge of bedEdge of bed looks goodit is worked moreit is worked more aggressively
Middle of the bed is more difficult to thoroughly workand has more Issues with carryover
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Classic burning at soil lineClassic burning at soil line
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Affected leaves often form a loopAffected leaves often form a loop
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RoNeet Damage Goal Damage
Sickle shaped andSickle shaped and burned off at tips
no burn at soil lineCan look similar to RoNeetbut with burn at the soil line
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Goal residues in the Soil and Symptoms on Spinach Plants
Scatterplot by Level Code1.11
Oxyfluorfen Concentrations in Soil 0Oxyfluorfen Concentrations in Soil 0--2 Inch Depth2 Inch Depth
0 610 61
0.91
5ppmpp
m
0.61 ppm0.61 ppm
0.71
Col
_5yf
luor
fen
yflu
orfe
n
0 35 ppm0 35 ppm
0.31
0.51oxy
oxy 0.35 ppm0.35 ppm
0.31
Col_1B GAffected Unaffected
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Substantial Damage Observed in thisInstance at:Instance at:
0.16 to 0.35 ppm (0.10 to 0.23 lbs a.i./A)
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At application, 0.50 lb a.i./A of Goal is concentrated in theconcentrated in the top 1/8 to ¼ inch
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Incorporating Goal to 2 inches dilutes it by a yfactor of 8-16
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Incorporating Goal to 4 inches dilutes it by a4 inches dilutes it by a factor of 16 - 30
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Impact of Organic Matter/Carbon
With Charcoal
WithoutCharcoalCharcoal
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Use of Goal on Onions and Broccoliwith their thick waxy cuticles,with their thick waxy cuticles,
they shed the herbicide and are lessdamaged than the weeds
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Flag and 1st true leaf 2nd true leafFlag and 1 true leaf 2 true leaf
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Goal burn on onions
G l 2XL G l T dGoal 2XL Goal Tender1st true leaf
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Goal Applied to BroccoliNote burned areas on leaf