Heracleum mantegazzianum
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Transcript of Heracleum mantegazzianum
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Heracleum mantegazzianum
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Heracleum maximum-Cowparsnip
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Cowparsnip
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Heracleum sphondylium-Eltrot
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Beautiful but Deadly(Not really)
• H. Mantegazzianum produces a sap that can cause photodermititis in the area of contact.
• Furanocoumarins + Ultraviolet light from the Sun = photodermititis
• Blisters can be long standing and prone to leaving scars.
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FuranocoumarinsChemical Defense System
• 8-Methoxypsoralen
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Invasiveness….
• Giant Hogweed is coming to an area near you….!!!!
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Caucasus
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View Native Status
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Enemy Release Hypothesis• Presicts that top down regulation of the population will
be lower in the range of introduction.• When introduced into a new area, H. Mantegazzianum
has the ability to outcompete native species. Obviously….Wolfe (2002)- found that plants introduced into a new
area were not susceptible to its native herbivourous predators. The lack of such a selection pressure would allow the plant to divert nrg and flourish in a non native area iff, other conditions were suitable. i.e. temperature , soil
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Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability
• A plant invests a significant amount of energy into defense against herbivores in its indigenous environment.
• A newly introduced species will not have its usual host of herbivorous predators to weaken its fitness.. They lack– Monophagous – feeds within a plant genus (Heracleum)– Oligophagus – restricted to one family ( Apiaciae)– Polyphagous- feeding on different families.
• ( Memmot et al 2000)
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Increased Interspecific Competition
• Interspecific competition is when two different species depend on a common factor, and then compete for it. The winner of such a factor is more fit for its environment.
• Because H. mategazzianum has fewer natural enemies in its unnatural environment it doesnt exert as much energy in defending against attack. This energy is focused elsewhere…..
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Diverts Saved Energy to Growth Energy
• Since the plant has the ability to do so , it will use the supplemental energy in utilizing growth processes.
• Improved growth processes will help the plant use resources with a greater fitness, relative to other indigenous species.
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Winter months contribute to competition
• H. Mantegazzianum dies back in the winter , further eroding the soil and making it even less unsuitable for other organisms to flourish.
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Sources
• Eur. J. Entomol. 103:387-395, 2006:ISSN1210-5759