Hepatitis by Ahmed kadle
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Transcript of Hepatitis by Ahmed kadle
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الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم
University of Bahri
College of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine
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Presentation About:Hepatitis
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Introduction
Hepatitis:
Is the inflammation of hepatic cells
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Etiology1.Toxic hepatitis:
The common causes of toxic hepatitis in farm
animals are:
1) Inorganic poisons including phosphorus,
copper and arsenic.
2) Organic poisons as Gossypol
3) Bacterial toxins may play a part in
producing hepatitis.
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2. Infectious hepatitis:
1)Viral hepatitis as RVF
2)Bacterial hepatitis as
a. Infectious necrotic hepatitis
b. Systemic listeriosis
c. Salmonelosis
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3)Parasitic hepatitis
a. Acute and chronic liver fluke infestation
b. Migrating larvae of Ascaris sp.
c. Hepatic sarcocystosis in a horse.4. Trophopathic hepatitis:
White liver disease due to cobalt deficiency.
5. Congestive hepatitis due to CHF.
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Pathogenesis
In toxic hepatitis, the usual
lesion is centrilobular and varies
from cloudy swelling to acute
necrosis with a terminal vena-
occlusive lesion in some plant
poisonings.
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In infectious hepatitis, the
lesions vary from necrosis of
isolated cells to diffuse necrosis
affecting all or most of the
hepatic parenchyma.
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In parasitic hepatitis, the
changes depend upon the
number and type of migrating
parasites. In massive fluke
infestations sufficient damage
may occur to cause acute
hepatic insufficiency
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Nutritional hepatitis is
characterized by massive or
submassive necrosis. Hepatic
lipidosis is characterized by fatty
infiltration of hepatocytes
progressing to development of fatty
cysts.
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Congestive hepatitis is
characterized by dilatation of
central veins and sinusoids with
compression of the parenchymal
cells.
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Clinical Picture
1. Anorexia, indigestion, weight loss.
2. Jaundice.
Icterus of the sclera
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3. Light-colourd faeces and dark
urine.
Fig. Dark urine
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4. Constipation and punctuated by
attacks of diarrhoea.
5. Oedema and emaciation.
6. Bleeding tendency due to
clotting deficiency.
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7. The nervous signs vary from
ataxia and lethargy with
yawning, or coma, to
hyperexcitability with muscle
tremor, mania, including
aggressive behavior, and
convulsions.
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A characteristic syndrome is
the dummy syndrome, in which
affected animals push with the
head, do not respond to normal
stimuli.
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Head Pressing
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8. Subacute abdominal pain, usually
manifested by arching of the
back, and pain on palpation of
the liver.
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9. Ascites
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10.Photosensitization in animals fed
on green fodders and exposed to
sunlight.
Fig. Photosensitized animal
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11.In chronic hepatitis, the signs
developed slowly and persist for
a longer periods.
12.Ascites and dummy syndrome
are more common in chronic
than acute form.
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Diagnosis Clinical signs.
Liver function tests: Estimation of
serum total, direct and indirect
bilirobin. In addition to AST, ALT,
ALP, LDH, SD, Albumin.
Biopsy of Liver.
Sonography of Liver.
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Differential Diagnosis Encephalopathy:
Hepatitis is easily misdiagnosed
as an encephalopathy unless
jaundice or photosensitization is
present.
Acidosis:
By History and Clinical
examination.
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Treatment Give diet high in CHO, Ca++, and low
in protein and fat.
Purgation and enemas have also
been used but mild purgation is
recommended.
Injection of glucose (25 or 40%)
and Vitamins.
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Specific antimicrobial drugs.
Hepatic fibrosis is considered to
be a final stage in hepatitis and
treatment is not usually
undertaken.
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References:- Books:1. O. M. Radostits, C. C. Gay, K. W. Hinchcliff, P. D. Constable. VETERINARY
MEDICINE A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 10th ed.
PP. 391 – 394.
2. Abdelkhalek El-Sheikh, Hamed Attia Mohamed and Hatem Mohamed Selim. Textbook
of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 1st ed. PP. 192 – 195.
General Internet Research.
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Prepared By:Ahmed Abdulkadir Hassan
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