hemp-neg

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Baylor Debate Camp 1

Hemp Negative

Hemp NegativeGame Over Card Module (1/2) ...........................................................................................................................................3

Game Over Card Module (2/2) ...........................................................................................................................................3

................................................................................................................................................................................... ...........4

1NC T v Hemp Affs- Incentives / Increase ............................................................................................................ ..... ..... ..5

2NC AT: C/I- Anything Axn ................................................................................................................................ .........6AT: W/M- We say Financial Support ............................................................................................................... ..... ..... ...7

1NC- Canadian Industry Case Turn (1/2) .................................................................................................................. ..... ..8

1NC- Canadian Industry Case Turn (2/2) .................................................................................................................. ..... ..9

1NC- Tobacco Turn (1/3) ..................................................................................................................................... ..... ..... ...10

1NC- Tobacco Turn (2/3) ..................................................................................................................................... ..... ..... ...11

Tobacco Turn Extns Tobacco key to Econ. .................................................................................................................13

1NC- Food Prices Turn .................................................................................................................................................... .14

1NC- Food Price TurnLink Extension ........................................................................................................................ .15




1NC- Food Price TurnLink Extension ........................................................................................................................ .191NC- Food Price TurnLink Extension ........................................................................................................................ .20



1NC- Food Price TurnLink Extension ........................................................................................................................22


1NC- Cotton Turn (1/2) .....................................................................................................................................................26

1NC- Cotton Turn (2/2) .....................................................................................................................................................27

1NC- Deforestation Turn ..................................................................................................................................................28

Deforestation Turn- Link Extns ......................................................................................................................................29

Deforestation Turn- Link Extns ......................................................................................................................................30

1NC- Monsanto Turn (1/2) ...............................................................................................................................................31

1NC- Monsanto Turn (2/3) ...............................................................................................................................................32

1NC- Monsanto Turn (3/3) ...............................................................................................................................................33

1NC- War on Drugs Turn (1/2) ..................................................................................................................... ..... ..... ..... ....34

1NC- War on Drugs Turn (2/2) ..................................................................................................................... ..... ..... ..... ....35

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Hemp Negative

War on Drugs- Hegemony Module ................................................................................................................................. .36

War on Drugs- Hegemony Module Extns .................................................................................................................. ..... .37

....................................................................................................................................................................................... ....37

War on Drugs Turn- Uniqueness Extns...........................................................................................................................38

War on Drugs Turn- Uniqueness Extns...........................................................................................................................39

Impact Extns- Terrorism ..................................................................................................................................................40





1NC- Renewables Turn ............................................................................................................................................ ..... ....45

1NC- Russian Economy Turn ......................................................................................................................................... ..46

1NC- Russian Economy Turn............................................................................................................................................................................................48

Russian Economy Turn : Link Extns ...............................................................................................................................49

1NC- Saudi Relations Turn (1/2) ................................................................................................................................. .....51

Saudi Relations Turn : Impact Module- Terrorism ......................................................................................................52

Saudi Relations Turn : Impact Module- Regional Stability ........................................................................................ ...53

Solvency Frontline (1/4) ....................................................................................................................................................54




Global Warming Frontline (1/11) ....................................................................................................................................58

Global Warming Frontline (2/11) ................................................................................................................................... ..59








Global Warming Frontline (10/11) ................................................................................................................................. ..67

Global Warming Frontline (11/11) ................................................................................................................................. ..68

Politics- Plan Unpopular ...................................................................................................................................... ..... ..... ...69

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Hemp Negative

Game Over Card Module (1/2)

The Game Over Card- How to Win against the Hemp Aff with just one card

Gdoane 2007 [Educated Voter and Forum Moderator, http://forums.hannity.com/showthread.php?t=23867&page=605]

Paper and clothes and food are plentiful and cheap without that vile stinking weed. The only reason dopers want to see it bentto that purpose is so they can hide their drug production and claim that they're really just interested in making paper. How much paper have youmade this year? Make a lot of it did you?? You're not interested in making any paper. You're not interested in making any clothes

either, but you want marijuana grown. That means your real interests are a bit darker. Hemp is evil because it looks exactly likemarijuana and offers aid and comfort to the enemies of the people of the United States in the WAR ON DRUGS. Aidingand comforting the enemy is evil. It's TREASON. Growing hemp is TREASONOUS. There's only one crime in theUS Constitution that calls for the DEATH PENALTY and that is TREASON. Anybody who grows hemp is assisting theenemy and committing an act of high treason against this nation. It's EVIL. Potheads are a bunch ofdespicable lyingbastards. "We want it for medicine for the sick!" LIES!! "We want it to make paper and rope and clothes!" LIES!!! "Wewant it to make a good nutritious food product!" DAMNED LIES!!! When somebody tells these obvious bald-faced lies, you knowtheir intentions are evil. They're not fooling anybody. They never care for real about making paper and clothes and treating the sick. Theywant to get high as a kite. They want to get stoned out of their minds. It's not real hard to see right through their simplistic attempts at deception. [] The

Hemp For Victory film was made in 1942 by clueless goofs in an age of ignorance. In 1942, they still had doctorsendorsing the health benefits ofcigarettes. They were using lead paint on playground equipment in parks. They thought asbestoswas great stuff for insulation.They were still burning leaded gas in their cars. In 1942, the average life expectancy in the USA was 68years. Today it's 77.5 years, about ten years longer because back then they thought lead was wonderful and today we know better. Would you want to put lead back

into gasoline and paint? NO??? Then why would you promote anything else they were recommending in an age of ignorance?

They didn't know nuclear proliferation was bad back then either. []There is no hemp today.Nobody wants it. The people who say theywant hemp really want marijuana. They're just so dishonest that they've got to use a euphemism for it. You can buy hempclothes, you know. Nobody but dopers wants them.You don't find them in any reputable stores. You have to go to head shops and instoner magazines to find the ads because stoners are the only morons who would buy the disgusting stinky fiber. Can you grow a full field of pot with ahigh THC content and claim it's "hemp"? Say Yes.Can that pot with full-on THC be used the same as "hemp" can? Say Yes.Can a casual observer tell the difference between high THC and low THC content plants? Say no. Is the actual evil plan by potheadssupporting hemp to GROW low THC content plants? Say no. You're not going to play me for an idiot. I know exactly what your plan is. You could not possibly care

less about growing low THC content pot plants. You envision field after field of high-grade marijuana with enough THC that the smellof it will knock birds out of the sky and all the while you'll claim it's for making clothes and rope. Like Hell it is. The crop won't becontaminated either because there won't be one legit plant on the whole damned farm. [] "Hemp is marijuana, period," said Shirley A. Armstead, aspecial agent and public information officer in the St. Louis DEA office. "Ditch weed is marijuana. We do not distinguish between the two. Our cannabis eradication

program is about eliminating marijuana." []Never trust a rope smoker. They support killing immigrants, they target children for theirperversions, and they hate capitalism unless it supports the drug trade.[] Several videogames likeResident Evil,House ofthe Dead,BloodRayne and such have the theme of killing undead people under the influence of evil. There's no real differencebetween a person who has smoked pot and a zombie. Killing them isn't even murder ethically because they're justzombies.They've been dead for a long time. Their minds and souls are long ago departed. They ought to be executed sothat their body joins the same state as their spirit. Everybody dies. From the most powerful King to the lowliest slave,everyone born of woman is mortal. Death is an inevitable thing, with the difference being whether you die with orwithout honor. Drug abuse is a death without honor.

Game Over Card Module (2/2)

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And our authors the most qualified

Gdoane 2007 [Educated Voter and Forum Moderator, http://forums.hannity.com/showthread.php?t=23867&page=605]

I'm brilliance personified, I'm a GOD at everything I try to do and no therapist could hope to be my equal. I'd never respectthe worthless bastard, much less accept any help from the candy-assed girly man. I don't even have to try, and I wind up in leadership positions.I don't want to, really. The best authorities don't actually want the job. I never wanted to be a forum moderator on this board. I never asked for the

job. I never wanted the job. I'm a perfect choice because I won't bully with it. I was asked and I accepted the task. People who ask for authority are mostlikely the ones who would abuse authority. You don't realize how brilliant and perfect I am. I'd make a therapist crawl into a corner crying about howtheir life sucks compared to mine. I don't need therapy. I kick ass all the time, every time, I do what I want and basically, I'm a practically perfect person.

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Hemp Negative

1NC T v Hemp Affs- Incentives / Increase

A. Interpetation- Plans must provide monetary payments as incentives

Lindberg 07 [Christine, Mangaging Editor, Oxford College Dictionary 2nd Edition,DeFilippis]

Incentive- a payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment.

Increase means to make greater

Oxford Dictionary of Current English 06

Increase: Make or become greater in size , amount, or intensity.

B. Violation- The plan merely changes the legal status of Hemp it does not provide monetary incentives and it doesnt increasethe current amount of incentives given now.

C. Standards-

1. Limits- Our interpretation limits the mechanism of motivation to monetary incentives--- their interpretationexplodes the topic, allows an infinite number of case that enforces any action. Their interpretation justifies thepassage of any bill or mandate to coerce a particular type of action.

2. Ground- Our interpretation is key to core negative groundincentive bad DAs, economy DAs, and politicsare all reliant on monetary investment

3. Effects- Even if the plan eventually results in monetary payment to farmers the aff takes a number of steps toget to that action. Effects T bad

a. Infinite Regression- Justifies an assassinate Bush aff and claiming that his successor will implementalterative energy policieskills limits because all affs can be topical with a lot of internal links

b. Ground- its impossible to have offense for every small step and they can always no Link are DAs bysaying their steps are too miniscule.

c. Independent voter for fairness.

4. Theyre extra-topical section 3 of their act divulges authority to states over THC testing which is not the

procurement of an incentive

GovTrack 2007 [Government Printing Office, H.R. 1009: Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2007,

http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h110-1009

SEC. 3. INDUSTRIAL HEMP DETERMINATION TO BE MADE BY STATES. Section 201 of the Controlled Substances Act

(21 U.S.C. 811) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: `(i) Industrial Hemp Determination To Be Made by

States- In any criminal action, civil action, or administrative proceeding, a State regulating the growing and processing of industrial

hemp under State law shall have exclusive authority to determine whether any such plant meets the concentration limitation set forth

in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (16) of section 102 and such determination shall be conclusive and binding.'.

And thats bad proves resolved insufficient, allows them to add unpredictable advantages which we cant debate, and we

shouldnt have to read a CP to get back to square oneIndependent voter for fairness and education.

D. Voter - Topicality is a voter for fairness and education and should be judged on the basis of competing interpretations wherewhatever interpretation is best for debate should win.
http://www.law.cornell.edu/usc-cgi/newurl?type=titlesect&title=21&section=811http://www.law.cornell.edu/usc-cgi/newurl?type=titlesect&title=21&section=811

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Hemp Negative

2NC AT: C/I- Anything AxnTheir interpretation is bad

1. Limits- Literally every action in the world stimulates a responsethats a Newtonian

Physics lawunder their interpretation I could hug Bush so that he changed his mindabout alternative energy subsidies and that would be topical. Limits is key to educationallows two-sided education where both debaters have adequate information to contest thevalidity of each others argumentsits also key to ground by ensuring both teams haveadequate things to say.

2. Ground- Our interpretation is key to core negative genericsspending, oil, and politics allrely in spending moneytheir interpretation incentivizes squirrely cases like negativeincentives which foreclose negative debate.

3. Their interpretation is not competitivewe can permute: topical cases muststimulate an action by that stimulation has to be through monetary support. Solves all oftheir offense and accesses our limits claims.

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AT: W/M- We say Financial Support

1. They dont meet our interpeven if the plan eventually gives money to farmers to supporthemp farmingthat MONEY is not an incentivethe legislation they pass in no waynecessitates financial stimulation of hempin fact there inherency evidence suggests that

farmers want to grow it now and do not need stimulus.

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1NC- Canadian Industry Case Turn (1/2)

A. Hemp legalization in the U.S. would collapse Canadian monopoly.

Fontaine 8 [Jan 22, Growing hemp not in Canada's interest, Bismark Tribune,

www.bismarcktribune.com/articles/2008/01/22/news/opinion/letters/147080.txt+

%22do+not+legalize+hemp%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us,DeFilippis]

Winnipeg I must agree with writers who say North Dakota should not grow hemp. If North Dakota begins to grow and

harvest hemp, it may eliminate the monopoly Canada has over the growing of this crop that

requires little or no pesticides or fertilizers.This may very well cut into our profits. Also, I wouldn'twant any North Dakotans to have any of the jobs associated with the processing of hemp in Manitoba that we have created.

Furthermore, it is not in the interest of the North Dakota farmer to have an additional crop to rotate and to diversify their income. So

please do not legalize hemp; it is not in Canada's interest.

B. Canadian hemp industry key to bio-economy

Manitoba Ag. 2008 [Accessed 7/15, Background of Industrial Hemp,

http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/hemp/bko02s00.html,DeFilippis]

In Canada, Industrial Hemp is viewed as a new alternative crop, which compliments prairie crop production

rotations. It breaks the traditional crop disease cycles affecting cereals while offering enhanced

cropping profits for farm businesses. Industrial hemp is a high volume renewable source of quality fibre.Thefibre is well suited to for supplementing or substituting non-renewable sources of fibre used in

big market products such as paper, insulation, biocomposites, or in the horticultural

industry.The full plant utilization of hemp and flax crops has a high potential in the emerging

bio-economy. Manitoba Industrial Hemp Industry

C. Canadian bioeconomy key to global economy

WBI 2008 [Wisconsin Bioenergy Initiative, May 21st, Conference examines market relationships,

infrastructure, needs of bioeconomy,

http://www.uwcalscommunication.com/2008/05/21/conference-examines-market-relationships-infrastructure-needs-of-bioeconomy/#more-161,DeFilippis]

The bioeconomy is generating new market relationships and infrastructure needs

that have impacts across the global economy, says Farm Foundation Vice President Steve Halbrook. Thisconference is an opportunity to broaden understanding of how those new relationships and needs are developing and how they might

influence business strategies and public policy development.
http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/hemp/bko02s00.htmlhttp://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/hemp/bko02s00.htmlhttp://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/hemp/bko02s00.html

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1NC- Canadian Industry Case Turn (2/2)

D. Impacts extinction

Bearden 2KT.E., LTC U.S. Army (Retired), [The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,

http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24,DeFilippis]

History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic collapse, the stress

on nations will have increased the intensity and number of their conflicts, to the point where the arsenals

ofweapons of mass destruction (WMD) now possessed by some 25 nations, are almost certain to be released. Asan example, suppose a starving North Korea launches nuclear weapons upon Japan and South Korea, including U.S. forces there, in a

spasmodic suicidal response. Or suppose a desperate China-whose long-range nuclear missiles (some) can reach

the United States-attacks Taiwan. In addition to immediate responses, the mutual treaties involved in such

scenarios will quickly draw other nations into the conflict, escalating it significantly. Strategic nuclear studies

have shown for decades that, under such extreme stress conditions, once a few nukes are launched, adversaries

and potential adversaries are then compelled to launch on perception of preparations by one's adversary. Thereal legacy of the MAD concept is this side of the MAD coin that is almost never discussed. Without effective defense, the only

chance a nation has to survive at all is to launch immediate full-bore pre-emptive strikes and try to take

out its perceived foes as rapidly and massively as possible. As the studies showed, rapid escalation to full

WMD exchange occurs. Today, a great percent of the WMD arsenals that will be unleashed, are already on

site within the United States itself. The resulting great Armageddon will destroy civilization as we know it, and

perhaps most ofthe biosphere, at least for many decades
http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htmhttp://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm

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1NC- Tobacco Turn (1/3)

A. Turn: Legalization of hemp in the U.S. would halt tobacco growing

Browning et al 96 [August 31st, Andy Graves, Med Bird (Director of Applied Research in Wood

and Paper Science) and Billy Ray Smith (Commissioner of Agriculture), Dr. Scott Smith (Chairman

of Agron), lexis, Farmers considering giving up tobacco to grow hemp, lexis ,DeFilippis]

SCOTT SIMON, Host: This is Weekend Edition; I'm Scott Simon. America is a nation founded on fiber - cotton, flax, wool and hemp. Now, from these fibers Americans, especially Southern Americans, made their

clothing, their rugs, their rope, their sails, their paper, even their wagon bearings. One of the best of these fibers, certainly one of the sturdiest, was hemp; tough, durable, prolific, easy to grow as weeds. Since

1937, however, it has been illegal to grow hemp in the United States. You see, hemp buds and leaves are also known as marijuana, but in several states, especially in Kentucky, farmers are beginning to look at a

variety of so-called industrial hemp that has no narcotic effect. They say industrial hemp grows tall in tightly packed fields, that, unlike marijuana, it's grown for its stalks and not its l eaves. It would be

difficult to hide a marijuana patch in the middle of a commercial hemp field, and most important, with

the U.S. government trying to discourage smoking, these farmers thing hemp might be a

way ofweaning themselves away from tobacco,the state's largest farm crop. But hemp's relation to the illegal drug marijuana makes itpolitically dangerous, and, as reporter and native Kentuckian Frank Browning reports, the people with political clout, from the state's powerful land grant university to state officials, they're keeping their distance.

[tractor operating in field,DeFilippis] FRANK BROWNING, Reporter: The first time I heard about commercial hemp I heard hippies, scraggly paunched partisans from the worn-out days of Flower Power. Butthen I looked at who was doing the talking - J. H. Graves III, retired chairman of the board of Commerce National Bank, one of Kentucky's largest. The Graves family trace their Kentucky roots back to the days when

Kentucky was a county in Virginia, and one of Mr. Graves' sons runs the family farm. I caught up with him atop a tractor, setting this year's tobacco crop. [interviewing,DeFilippis] So, tell us what we'redoing here. ANDY GRAVES, Farmer: Well, the click-click-click sound is tobacco plants goin' in the ground. Burley tobacco, that is. FRANK BROWNING: Thirty acres of Burley tobacco, the main leaf in cigarettes.

Andy Graves is one of the biggest tobacco growers in Kentucky. Most farmers raise only between two and five acres. Later, hauling around in a pickup truck, he told me about why he wants to get out of tobacco

growing. ANDY GRAVES: I have a real problem- I do not stand up in public any longer and promote cigarettes or anything much that has to do with tobacco. I support it as an economic viable crop to go in

Kentucky, but, gosh, I still- it still doesn't change my feeling about the crop. The fact that, you know, if you smoke cigarettes long enough they will kill you. FRANK BROWNING: Which is one of the reasons he would

like to go back to the crop his ancestors grew - hemp. The Graveses know that hemp cannot bring in nearly as much money as tobacco, but hemp takes only half as much time, and almost no hired labor, to grow.

During World War II the Graveses grew 500 acres of hemp, all for the War Department. After the war, its value disappeared as cheaper petrochemical fiber replaced hemp in ropes and banyans

[sp,DeFilippis] . ANDY GRAVES: I could be growing a crop once again in Kentucky, mind you, only this time the crop may be doing things like clothing people. It might be used for building materials. It mightbe used as oil. You know, the seed is 30 percent oil, and it's all totally environmentally friendly. I might be growing a crop that is- has no use for herbicides and none for pesticides. FRANK BROWNING: Among the

good earth, holistic boutique set, the fact that hemp needs no chemical herbicides or pesticides has given it near Messianic stature, Mother Earth's gift to eco salvation. But in the real world the plant i s winning

sharp new interest from industry, not from rope and sail makers, but from giant multi-national paper corporations. It's already grown in Spain, France, England and Ukraine, with test plots under cultivation in

Canada. The reason is that wood pulp, the traditional source of modern paper making, is beginning to grow scarce. MED BIRD, Director of Applied Research in Wood and Paper Science, North Carolina State

University: When you start talking to a lot of the experts in the world who keep an eye on the world fiber supply, they're gettin' a little worried about the next 10 to 20 years. FRANK BROWNING: Med Bird

[sp,DeFilippis] is director of applied research in wood and paper science at North Carolina State University, one of the nation's l eading center for paper research. Bird and his colleagues are looking to solvethe worldwide fiber shortage, and they think hemp may be the most promising plant. MED BIRD: Hemp, overall, has a superior quality of fiber. You can use it for textiles, and then what you don't use for textiles is

good for paper, and then the byproducts can be used for a wide variety of purposes. FRANK BROWNING: And, he points out- MED BIRD: For Kentucky the climate is perfect for the growth and harvestin' of- of

hemp. FRANK BROWNING: So, you might suppose,agricultural leaders in Kentucky, once the nation's leading hemp producer, and now a state

looking to reduce its dependence on tobacco, would be excited about hemp's newprospects. That's what Andy Graves thought, or at least hoped, except that hemp is illegal, and so far the

laws have not been changed to make an exception for industrial hemp, which Med Bird andother experts say wouldn't get you high even if you smoked a truckload of it. Nonetheless, drug enforcement officials oppose any

change in hemp laws for fear that industrial hemp and old-fashioned pot would get confused, or that somehow hemp growing would

indirectly promote dope growing. That makes everybody anxious, for in the current political climate, even the slightest overtone of a

drug connection can kill a political career or cost a university vital funding.

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B. U.S. Tobacco Industry key to overall economy.

Fuji 97 [Tobacco...Working for America , Fuji Publishing Group, Figures from AmericanEconomics Group for Tobacco, http://fujipub.com/fot/working.html,DeFilippis]

In 1994, U.S. manufacturers produced almost $27 billion worth of tobacco products, including exports

valued at $5.4 billion. They employed more than 42,000 people while providing wages and compensation of nearly

$2.1 billion. U.S. Department of Commerce data in 1992 indicated that wages for tobacco manufacturing employees were significantly higher than in many industries. Sporting goods manufacturers,for example, employed almost 20,000 more people than tobacco manufacturers, but total wages and compensation were about $300 million less. Wholesalers or distributors in each of the 50 states buy finished

tobacco products and sell them to exporters and domestic retailers. Wholesalers employed almost 99,000 people as a result of tobacco sales and provided $3.8 billion in wages and compensation in 1994. Retailers

are the final link in the chain from tobacco growers to the ultimate consumers. Over 70% of tobacco products were sold through grocery and convenience food/gas outlets. The National Association of Convenience

Stores estimates that tobacco accounts for about 27% of the sales of the average store. Retailers employed almost 156,000 persons as a result

of tobacco sales in 1994, providing wages and compensation in excess of $2.7 billion. Other retail

outlets include department stores, variety stores, discount clubs, delicatessens, meat and fish markets, restaurants, bars andtaverns, drug stores, liquor stores, gift shops, novelty stores, souvenir shops, tobacco stores, newsstands, and vending machines.

The cultivation of tobacco, combined with the manufacture and distribution of products, results

in ongoing purchases of goods and services from every leading industry. The tobacco

industry purchases more than $13 billion in goods and services from 37 other industries in 1994.

As a direct result, suppliers provided the equivalent of almost 213,000 jobs and $5.5 billion in

wages and compensation. The paper and allied products industry had sales exceeding $1.2 billion to the tobacco industry in 1994, providing paper for cigarettes, packs, cartons, ancases, as well as for wrapping materials and general business supplies. The printing and publishing industry had almost $1.9 billion in sales, primarily related to advertising materials. The transportation industry

provided $535 million worth of services. Industries supplying information technology, fertilizer, rubber, leather, fabricated metal, electricity, water and gas also had significant sales to the tobacco industry. Like th

ripples from a stone thrown in a lake,the activities of the tobacco industry create waves of economic

benefits that flow continuously into almost every segment of the American economy.

A multiplier effect occurs when dollars paid by tobacco growers, manufacturers, retailers, and distributors are

in turn, spent by suppliers to buy needed goods and services from yet other companies .Employees in all sectors must also buy necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter. They also

buy furniture, household appliances, cars and many other items, and pay taxes. The sequence

goes through many cycles. About 31% of the retail price of all tobacco products sold in the U.S.

goes to federal, state and local treasuries in the form of consumer excise and sales taxes. In

1994, tobacco generated almost $6 billion in federal excise taxes and more than $9 billion in

state and local taxes. The amount paid in federal excise tax would foot the bill for all of NASA's space flights on an annual

basis. When you add in the personal income taxes, corporate taxes, and general sales and use taxes at all levels, the tobacco

industry contributed more than $35 billion in government revenues. This is more than state and localgovernments typically spend for such services as fire protection, police services, housing and community development, or parks and

recreation. The industry has also made a significant contribution to reducing the

governments foreign trade deficit, with a trade surplus of nearly $6 billion.

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C. U.S. Economic downturn collapses hegemony and leads to nuclear war.

Bearden 2KT.E., LTC U.S. Army (Retired), [The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly,

http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm, June 24,DeFilippis]

History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic collapse, the stress

on nations will have increased the intensity and number of their conflicts, to the point where the arsenals

ofweapons of mass destruction (WMD) now possessed by some 25 nations, are almost certain to be released. Asan example, suppose a starving North Korea launches nuclear weapons upon Japan and South Korea, including U.S. forces there, in a

spasmodic suicidal response. Or suppose a desperate China-whose long-range nuclear missiles (some) can reach

the United States-attacks Taiwan. In addition to immediate responses, the mutual treaties involved in such

scenarios will quickly draw other nations into the conflict, escalating it significantly. Strategic nuclear studies

have shown for decades that, under such extreme stress conditions, once a few nukes are launched, adversaries

and potential adversaries are then compelled to launch on perception of preparations by one's adversary. Thereal legacy of the MAD concept is this side of the MAD coin that is almost never discussed. Without effective defense, the only

chance a nation has to survive at all is to launch immediate full-bore pre-emptive strikes and try to take

out its perceived foes as rapidly and massively as possible. As the studies showed, rapid escalation to full

WMD exchange occurs. Today, a great percent of the WMD arsenals that will be unleashed, are already on

site within the United States itself. The resulting great Armageddon will destroy civilization as we know it, and

perhaps most ofthe biosphere, at least for many decades
http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htmhttp://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3aaf97f22e23.htm

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Tobacco Turn Extns Tobacco key to Econ.

Tobacco is key to the economy

Snell and Goetz 05(Will Snell and Stephan, GoetzOVERVIEW OF KENTUCKYS TOBACCOECONOMY,http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/aec/aec83/aec83.pdf, MT)

Tobacco has historically been a very important part of the Kentucky agricultural economy and culture. Thisfactsheet provides an overview of the Kentucky tobacco industry and its effects on the state's agriculturaland total economy. The value of tobacco production in Kentucky has averaged more than $800 millionduring the decade of the 1990s (1990-1996), compared to averaging $705 million during the 1980s, $443million during the 1970s and $250 million during the 1960s. Quota increases provide the potential forKentucky farmers to grow more than $1 billion of tobacco in 1997. While being volatile over the past twodecades, Kentucky's tobacco production is currently higher than production levels some 20 to 25 yearsago. Kentucky farmers grow three types of tobacco: burley, dark fire-cured, and dark air-cured. Burleytobacco, comprising more than 90% of total production, is grown in 119 of Kentucky's 120 counties and isused primarily in cigarettes. Dark fire-cured and dark air-cured production is concentrated in 33 westernKentucky counties and is used primarily in smokeless tobacco products such as snuff, chewing and pipe

tobacco. The value of tobacco production generally exceeds $1 million annually for more than 100Kentucky counties. Kentucky is the nation's largest producer of burley tobacco and dark fire- and air-curedtobaccos. Only North Carolina surpasses Kentucky in tobacco production. Kentucky is the most tobacco-dependent state in the United States. Although North Carolina grows more tobacco than Kentucky, tobaccoaccounts for a larger percentage of Ken-tucky's agricultural income. Tobacco currently accounts foraround 50% of Kentucky's crop receipts and 25% of Kentucky's total agricultural cash receipts, yet tobaccouses 1% of the farmland in Kentucky. The latest Census of Agriculture (1992) revealed that tobaccoaccounted for more than 40% of the net cash return from agricultural sales in Kentucky. An acre oftobacco averages around $4,000 in (gross) returns at the farm level while contributing around $40,000 infederal, state, and local tax revenue as a result of excise taxes on tobacco products.
http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/aec/aec83/aec83.pdfhttp://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/aec/aec83/aec83.pdfhttp://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/aec/aec83/aec83.pdf

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1NC- Food Prices Turn

Turn: Food Prices

A. Hemp legalization would boost food prices

Rosenthal 94 [Ed, Hemp Today, Quick American Archives, Nov]

The new crop would have a significant on other markets, too. Since the agreage of corn and

grain would decline in order to plant the land with hemp, prices for these commodities would

climb. Acreage of cotton, which is in direct competition with hemp fiber, would also decline,

resulting in some economic dislocation in parts of the southwest and west.

B. A small food price increase means a billion dead

Tampa Tribune, January 20, 1996, p. 41

On a global scale, food supplies - measured by stockpiles of grain - are not abundant. In 1995, world production failed tomeet demand for the third consecutive year, said Per Pinstrup-Andersen, director of the International Food Policy Research Institute

in Washington, D.C. As a result, grain stockpiles fell from an average of 17 percent of annual consumption in 1994-1995 to 13 percent

at the end of the 1995-1996 season, he said. That's troubling, Pinstrup-Andersen noted, since 13 percent is well below the 17 percent

the United Nations considers essential to provide a margin of safety in world food security. During the food crisis of the early 1970s,

world grain stocks were at 15 percent. "Even if they are merely blips, higher international prices can hurt

poor countries that import a significant portion of their food," he said. "Rising prices can also quicklyput food out of reach of the 1.1 billion people in the developing world who live on a dollar a day or less." Healso said many people in low-income countries already spend more than half of their income on food.

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Hemp biofuel boosts food prices

Business Report 8 [Silo Breaker, Biofuels turn up heat on food prices, G8,

http://www.silobreaker.com/DocumentReader.aspx?Item=5_877540867, DeFilippis]

Toyako, Japan - The Group of Eight powers meet on Tuesday to discuss biofuels, with concern growing that the rise in their use is

helping to drive world food prices higher and add to global warming. Biofuels, derived

from organic materials such as palm oil and sugar beet, were once seen as a promising way to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions blamed for global warming by cutting the use of fossil fuels. But experts warn that current biofuels policy could push up

grain prices and cause greenhouse gas emissions rather than savings.

Biofuels force up food prices exponentially, eventually leading to a food crisis.

Chakrabortty, 2008(Aditya Chakrabortty, economics leader writer for The Guardian, July 4, 2008, Secret report: biofuelcaused food crisis Internal World Bank study delivers blow to plant energy drive, The Guardian,

http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jul/03/biofuels.renewableenergy?gusrc=rss&feed=environment ,MK)

Biofuels have forced global food prices up by 75% - far more than previously estimated -

according to a confidential World Bank report obtained by the Guardian.

The damning unpublished assessment is based on the most detailed analysis of the crisis so far,

carried out by an internationally-respected economist at global financial body.The figure emphatically contradicts the US government's claims that plant-derived fuels

contribute less than 3% to food-price rises. It will add to pressure on governments in Washington

and across Europe, which have turned to plant-derived fuels to reduce emissions of greenhouse

gases and reduce their dependence on imported oil.
http://www.silobreaker.com/DocumentReader.aspx?Item=5_877540867http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jul/03/biofuels.renewableenergy?gusrc=rss&feed=environmenthttp://www.silobreaker.com/DocumentReader.aspx?Item=5_877540867http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jul/03/biofuels.renewableenergy?gusrc=rss&feed=environment

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Hemp growing will lead to starvation of the worlds people.

Enache, 2008(Bogdan C. Enache, an associated researcher with CADI, a free marketoriented think tank in Bucharest,Romania, 5/28/2008, Starving the World's Poorest, Ludwig von Mises Institute,http://mises.org/story/2969, MK)

However, the pressure from both higher oil prices and higher grain consumption in emergent

economies pales in comparison with the recent increase of industrial demand for grain in the

production of various types of biofuels that occurred during recent years.

Thus, almost all additional US corn production between 2004 and 2007, for instance, has been

diverted to the production of ethanol, while the European ethanol production more than tripled

during the same period. The increased use of grains for ethanol production has led to a fall in the

supply of grains relative to overall demand during the last seven years (with the exception of

2006, which was compensated by the use of grain stocks, now at the lowest level globally in a

quarter century). This situation is not, however, a natural market phenomenon, but the direct

result of various government programs usually in the world's most developed economies,

although developing countries are catching up that aim to promote more environmentally

friendly energy technology or energy self-sufficiency by subsidizing and mandating the diversion

of a growing percentage of agricultural commodities such as corn, sugar cane, wheat, and so on,

to the production of bioethanol and biodiesel.

The increased production of biofuels in the United States, Brazil, Europe, and elsewhere is thus

effectively obtained at the expense of food production or, as it turns out, potentially at the

cost of the lives of millions of the world's poorest inhabitants who are now priced out of the

market for food.

Contemplating the grotesque potential side effects of bioethanol subsidies in the world's mostdeveloped economies is almost unbearable. While everyone is affected by higher food prices, for

some people they mean only giving up a new pair of shoes or a night out. For others, however,

the more costly food puts their very subsistence into question. No doubt, the politicians who

came up with the idea of subsidizing the diversion of grain to the production of bioethanol did

not intend to starve the world's poorest people; but the fact that the consequences were

unintended does not absolve them of responsibility.
http://mises.org/story/2969http://mises.org/story/2969http://mises.org/story/2969

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Biofuel products greatly increase the price of food.

World Poultry Magazine, 08 WorldPoultry.Net(WorldPoultry.Net, World Poultry Magazine, 11 Jun 2008, Food beforeFuel campaign launched,http://www.worldpoultry.net/news/id2205-47907/food_before_fuel_campaign_launched.html , MK)

Over 20 groups comprising processors, retail, environmental, hunger and food industry groups

have launched a "Food Before Fuel" campaign urging Congress to revisit the nation's food-to-fuel

policies. Campaign members are encouraging policymakers to "revisit and restructure policies

that have increased our reliance on food as an energy source". Converting more than one-third

of US corn to ethanol, with additional subsidies and tariffs further promoting the diversion of food

to fuel, is currently mandated by Congressional policies. Reports state that these policies have

contributed to record food price inflation. It is further reported that the International Monetary

Fund says that the US food-to-fuel policy is responsible for more than 30% of food price inflation

globally. Severe impact on the industry "The price of corn that our companies use to feedchickens has skyrocketed, costing billions of dollars," said National Chicken Council President

George Watts. "The impact on [the] industry has been severe." Other organizations involved with

the campaign echoed Watts' concerns. "It is past time to acknowledge the reality of this problem

and begin a serious, bipartisan effort to fix it," said CEO of the Grocery Manufacturers

Association, Cal Dooley. Other groups and companies involved in the Food Before Fuel campaign

include the American Meat Institute, National Cattlemen's Beef Association, National Turkey

Federation, Pilgrim's Pride Corp. and Popeye's Chicken & Biscuits.

Biofuels threaten world hunger.

Smith and Elliott 08(Lewis Smith and Francis Elliott, Times writers, March 7, 2008, Rush for biofuels threatens starvation on a global scale, TheTimes,http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500954.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1 , BK)

The rush towards biofuels is theatening world food production and the lives of billions of people ,the Governments Chief Scientific Adviser said yesterday. Professor John Beddington put himself at odds

with ministers who have committed Britain to large increases in the use of biofuels over the coming

decades. In his first important public speech since he was appointed, he described the potential impacts of

food shortages as the elephant in the room and a problem which rivalled that of climate change.Its

very hard to imagine how we can see the world growing enough crops to produce renewable

energy and at the same time meet the enormous demand for food , he told a conference on

sustainability in London yesterday. The supply of food really isnt keeping up. By 2030, he said, theworld population would have increased to such an extent that a 50 per cent increase in food

production would be needed. By 2080 it would need to double. But the rush to biofuels

allegedly environmentally friendly meant that increasing amount of arable land had been given

over to fuel rather than food.
http://www.worldpoultry.net/news/id2205-47907/food_before_fuel_campaign_launched.htmlhttp://www.worldpoultry.net/news/id2205-47907/food_before_fuel_campaign_launched.htmlhttp://www.worldpoultry.net/news/id2205-47907/food_before_fuel_campaign_launched.htmlhttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500954.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500954.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500954.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1http://www.worldpoultry.net/news/id2205-47907/food_before_fuel_campaign_launched.htmlhttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article3500954.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1

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-Biofuels compete with agricultural land, spurring starvation and dehydration.

Associated Press , 2008 (The Associated Press, International Herald Tribune, UN warns biofuels could fuel deforestation, January 23,2008, http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/23/asia/AS-GEN-Asia-Biofuels-Fears.php, A.X.)

The world's rush to embrace biofuels is causing a spike in the price of corn and other crops and could worsenwater shortages and force poor communities off their land, a U.N. official said Wednesday.

Speaking at a regional forum on bioenergy, Regan Suzuki of the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization acknowledged that biofuels are better for the environment

than fossil fuels and boost energy security for many countries.

However, she said those benefits must be weighed against the pitfalls many of which are just now emerging as countries convert millions of hectares (acres) to palm

oil, sugar cane and other crops used to make biofuels.

"Biofuels have become a flash point through which a wide range of social and environmental issues are currently being played out in the media," Suzuki told delegates

at the three-day forum, sponsored by the U.N. and the Thai government.

Foremost among the concerns is increased competition for agricultural land, which Suzuki warned has alreadycaused a rise in corn prices in the United States and Mexico and could lead to food shortages in developingcountries.

She also said China and India could face worsening water shortages because biofuels require large amounts ofwater, while forests in Indonesia and Malaysia could face threats from the expansion of palm oil plantations.

"Particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, land availability is a critical issue," Suzuki said. "There are clear comparative advantages for tropical and subtropical countries

in growing biofuel feed stocks but it is often these same countries in which resource and land rights of vulnerable groups and protected forests are weakest."

Initially, biofuels were held up as a panacea for countries struggling to cope with the rising cost of oil or those looking to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The

European Union, for example, plans to replace 10 percent of transport fuel with biofuels made from energy crops such as sugar cane and rapeseed oil by 2020.
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/23/asia/AS-GEN-Asia-Biofuels-Fears.phphttp://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/23/asia/AS-GEN-Asia-Biofuels-Fears.php

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Biofuels will lead to global starvation, killing millions.

Adams 08(Mike Adams, author, 4-23-08, The Biofuels Scam, Food Shortages and the Coming Collapse of the Human Population,

http://www.naturalnews.com/023091.htmlJE)It was one of the dumbest "green" ideas ever proposed: Convert millions of acres of cropland into fields for growing ethanol from corn, then burn fossil

fuels to harvest the ethanol, expending more energy to extract the fuel than you get from the fuel itself! Meanwhile, sit back and proclaim you've

achieved a monumental green victory (President Bush, anyone?) all while unleashing a dangerous spike in global food prices that's causing a ripple

effect of food shortages and rationing around the world. I thinkpoliticiansneed to spend less time bragging about their latest greenwashing schemes

and more time studying The Law of Unintended Consequences. Because while growing fuel on cropland initially sounds like a great idea

any honest assessment of the total impact leads you to the inescapable conclusion thatbiofuels are largely a government-

sponsored scam. With a few exceptions (see below), biofuels produce no net increase in energy output, and they cause

food shortages while creating strong economic incentives for the destruction of the very rainforests we desperately need

to stabilize the climate!... (continues) ... And now we're just starting to see the early signs of the economic and social insanity that has beenunleashed by this foolish pursuit of biofuels around the world: Food rationing in Sam's Club stores in the U.S., rapidly-rising prices on bread, rice and

corn, and price spikes at cafeterias and restaurants that depend on these staple ingredients. The price of rice has tripled globally, unleashing

riots in Haiti and Bangladesh, and the United Nations has issued warnings that millions of people around the world now

face starvation because they can't afford to buy food. Americans are even starting to hoard food once again, after years of

avoiding basic preparedness measures. (One benefit to all this, however, is thatfarmersare actually getting paid decent prices for theircropsnow, after years of operating on the verge of bankruptcy...) Most biofuel efforts are a sham Not all of these price spikes are due to the conversion of

croplands to biofuel fields, but much of it is. As a result, it's suddenlybecoming obvious to nearly everyone that the pursuit of biofuels,

as currently structured, is a grand greenwashing hoax. It doesn't produce more fuel than it consumes, and it drives up food prices to

boot! Now, there are biofuels programs that really do work. The growing and harvesting ofsugar cane in Brazil, for example, provides an 8-to-1 returnon energy investment. But even that pursuit is tarnished by claims of unsafe work environments and massive environmental pollution (thesugarcane

fields are burned before being harvested, a process that releases massive amounts of CO2 intothe environment). The only truly promising

biofuels technology available today is based on microalgae. Feed CO2 to a vat ofalgae, and you can produce biofuels cheaply andresponsibly, without destroying the environment. But these programs are only in experimental phases. Nobody is producing biofuels on a large scale

from algae farms (not yet, anyway). And that leaves the great American breadbasket: The corn and wheat fields. It is here that food is now being

displaced by crops grown for biofuel processing. So where a farmer used to grow corn as a food source, he's now growing it to sell to a

biofuel processing facility which turns the corn intoethanol. Obviously, the laws ofeconomics come into play here, meaning that every

bushel of corn used for biofuels production means one less bushel of corn available for food. Factor in the laws of supply and

demand, and you can see that the more crops we use for biofuels, the higher the prices will rise for food.Politicians, it seems, have nounderstanding of economics. They need to study the basics as they are presented in Henry Hazlitt's Book, Economics in One Lesson, which is a Libertarian-oriented guide that explains basic economics to anyone willing to learn. Economics is

focused on the study of human behavior, or more precisely, consumer choice. Now, it seems, consumers are about to be faced with a choice they never wanted to have to make: Should I buy fuel, or food? In other words: Do I want to drive my

car, or do I want to eat? You can have fuel or food, but not both Under a biofuels-focused agricultural policy, the same limited resources (soil, sunlight andwater, essentially) can be used for only one thing at a time. You can't use the corn

twice, obviously (you can't eat the corn and process it for biofuels at the same time), so you've got to make a choice: Will you grow the corn for fuel, or for food? The more you grow for fuel, of course, the less food you have, and that drives up

food prices. But if you swing back the other way and grow more corn for food to ease food prices, the fuel prices go up. Trying to solve both problems at once is a bit like trying to pick up a wet watermelon seed with your fingers: It keeps slipping

to the side. One thing that has become abundantly clear in all this is that the era of cheap food and cheap fuel is over. I've written about this on NaturalNews, where I use the term "food bubble" to describe the most recent era of cheap food. As

turns out, cheap food is only made possible by cheap oil, and with oil now approaching $120 a barrel (a price that virtually no one thought possible just two years ago), food prices are simultaneously skyrocketing. (Modern farming practices use

a lot of f ossil fuel. So does transporting food across the country or around the world. Eat local, folks!) Add to this the fact t hat global climate change is already underway, altering weather patterns and creating floods, droughts and other

agricultural calamities, and you start to get the picture of just how bad things might get. That's not even to mention the very serious problem of collapsing honeybee populations due to a mysterious condition called colony collapse disorder that's

devastating honeybee populations across NorthAmericaright this minute. Honeybees, in case you didn't know, pollinate plants that represent about 30% of all the calories consumed by Americans. That's about one out of every three bites of

your dinner, and it all depends on the "free" work performed byhoneybees-- bees who are apparently going on strike by refusing to keep working f or us. Prepare for mass global starvation So, to repeat, the food bubble is now starting to

implode. What does it all mean? It means thatas these economic and climate realities unfold, our world is facing massive starvation and food

shortages. The first place this will be felt is in poor developing nations. It is there that people live on the edge of economic livelihood,where even a 20% rise in the price of basic food staples can put desperately-needed calories out of reach of tens of millions of families. If something is

not done to rescue these people from their plight, they will starve to death. Wealthy nations like America, Canada, the U.K., and others will be able toabsorb the price increases, so you won't see mass starvation in North America any time soon (unless, of course, all the honeybees die, in which case

prepare to start chewing your shoelaces...), but it will lead to significant increases in the cost of living, annoying consumers and reducing

the amount of money available for other purchases (like vacations, cars, fuel, etc.). That, of course, will put downward pressure on the

national economy. But what we're seeing right now, folks, is just a small foreshadowing of events to come in the next couple of decades. Think about it: If these minor climate changes and foolish biofuels policies are alreadyunleashing alarming rises in food prices, just imagine what we'll see when Peak Oil kicks in and global oil supplies really start to dwindle. When gasoline is $10 a gallon in the U.S., how expensive will food be around the world? The answer, of

course, is that it will be triple or quadruple the current price. And that means many more people will starve. Fossil fuels, of course, aren't the only limiting factor threatening future food supplies on our planet: There's also fossil water. That's wate

from underground aquifers that's being pumped up to the surface to water crops, then it' s lost to evaporation. Countries like I ndia and China are depending heavily on fossil water to irrigate their crops, and not surprisingly, the water levels in

those aquifers is dropping steadily. In a few more years (as little as five years in some cases), that water will simply run dry, and the crops that were once irrigated to feed a nation will dry up and turn to dust. Mass starvation will only take a few

months to kick in. Think North Korea after a season of floods. Perhaps 95% of humanity is just one crop season away from mass starvation.
http://www.naturalnews.com/023091.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/023091.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/politicians.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/politicians.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/politicians.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/biofuels.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/biofuels.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/biofuels.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/corn.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/corn.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/farmers.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/farmers.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/farmers.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/crops.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/biofuel.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/sugar_cane.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/sugar_cane.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/sugar.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/sugar.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/sugar.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/the_environment.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/the_environment.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/algae.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/algae.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/ethanol.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/ethanol.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/ethanol.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/economics.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/economics.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/water.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/water.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/water.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/America.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/America.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/America.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/honeybees.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/honeybees.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/honeybees.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/economy.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/economy.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/economy.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/economy.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/023091.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/politicians.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/biofuels.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/corn.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/farmers.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/crops.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/biofuel.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/sugar_cane.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/sugar.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/the_environment.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/algae.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/ethanol.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/economics.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/water.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/America.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/honeybees.htmlhttp://www.naturalnews.com/economy.html

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Alternative biofuel sources cause food shortages and price fluctuations.Rosenthal 07 (Elizabeth Rosenthal, New York Times writer, 5-30-07, Europe Pushes to Get Fuel From Fields, The New York Times, www.nytimes.com , JE)

The previous growing season, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high-quality pasta. Today it overflows with

rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.

Motivated by generous subsidies to develop alternative energy sources and a measure of concern about the future of the planet

Europes farmers are beginning to grow crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or

oil.They are chasing their counterparts in the Americas who have been raising crops for biofuel for more than five years. This is a much-needed boost to our economy, ourfarms, said Marcello Pini, 50, a farmer, standing in front of the rapeseed he planted for the first time. Of course, we hope it helps the environment, too.

In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry, approved a directive that included a binding target requiring member countries

to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.

Most European countries are far from achieving the target, and are introducing incentives and subsidies to bolster production.

As a result, bioenergy crops have replaced food as the most profitable cropin several European countries. In this part of Italy, for example,the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 euros for 100 kilograms, or $13.42 for 100 pounds nearly twice the 11 to 12 euros for 100 kilograms of

wheat on the open market in 2006. Better still, farmers can plant biofuel crops on set aside fields, land that Europes agriculture policy would otherwise require be left fallow.

But an expert panel convened by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization pointed out that the biofuels boomproducesbenefits as well as trade-offs and risks includinghigher and wildly fluctuating food prices. In some markets, grain prices have

nearly doubled.At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas, said Gustavo Best, an expert at the Food and

Agriculture Organization in Rome. But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, were seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a

yellow light.

Josette Sheeran, the new head of the United Nations World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new problems. An increase

in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food, she said. So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.

In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel crops like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of the ingredients for making pasta and

brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.

New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market, said

Claudia Conti, a spokesman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of theirmain raw material growing quickly to historical highs.

Some experts are more worried about the potential impact to low-income consumers. In the developing world, the shift to more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer

countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment if wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the agriculture panel concluded.
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/e/european_commission/index.html?inline=nyt-orghttp://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/e/european_commission/index.html?inline=nyt-orghttp://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/united_nations/index.html?inline=nyt-orghttp://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/united_nations/index.html?inline=nyt-orghttp://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/e/european_commission/index.html?inline=nyt-orghttp://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/u/united_nations/index.html?inline=nyt-org

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Westernized biofuels are main contributor to worldwide starvation

Cox 08(Stan Cox, author ofSick Planet: Corporate Food and Medicine, 5-9-08, Drive 1,000 Miles or Feed a Person for a Year? The Biofuels

Dilemma, AlterNet,www.alternet.org , JE)

The world is learning fast that when fuel demand competes with food needs for the sun's energy, it's not a fair fight. The energy

contained in the gasoline that fills a typical SUV's tank contains approximately the same number of calories as are required in the

annual diet of one adult.Or, rather than picking on SUVs, consider the energy burned by a Prius hybrid on a trip from San Francisco to San Diego and back. That would also feed a person for a year. Measured in energy unitslike kilocalories, world demand for liquid fuels (gasoline, jet fuel, diesel and now biofuels) is currently more than six times the global demand for f ood. In energy terms, fuel demand will shoot up three times as fast as food demand between now

and 2030. But such comparisons don't prove cause-and-effect. Can the pumping of ethanol into American fuel tanks really make it harder for parents in Yemen or Indonesia to feed their families? An ethanol industry-funded group called the New

Fuels Alliance doesn't think so. In its briefing paper entitled "Fuel vs. Food: No Conflict" ( pdf), the group insists (reviving the old Cold War term for less powerful nations) that "Third world food shortages are largely due to political and socia

issues such as poverty, government corruption, and inefficient distribution ... Corn prices have little impact on food availability in the Third World ... Food availability per capita is at an historic high." That last claim is simply wrong. A close look

shows that it was based on data from the late 1980s and early 1990s.The amount of food available per person has been falling steadily since that time; agriculture is nokeeping up with humanity's nutritional needs and is now being asked to fill the tanks of vehicles as well. Nevertheless, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Ed Schafetold a recent International Food Aid Conference in Kansas City, "Higher [fossil] energy prices are the biggest factor in pushing up food prices." He stressed, "Biofuels are a factor, but not the factor." President Bush reiterated his strong, if

grammatically shaky, support for biofuels in a recent speech: "As you know,I'm a ethanol person." He has rejected the Republican lawmakers' call for restraint and blamed food inflation on people in India who, he believes, are eating too

much. Most experts agree that, indeed, several factors have converged to intensify the food crisis. But in a very recent report, the World Bank left no doubt where greatest responsibility for the current food emergency lies. The report's authors

dispensed with two commonly cited reasons for high prices, stating, "Droughts in Australia and poor crops in the European Union and Ukraine were largely offset by good crops and increased exports in other countries," and "only a relatively

small share of the increase in food production prices (around 15 percent) is due directly to higher energy and fertilizer costs." The bottom line for the World Bank? "Increased bio-fuel production has

contributed to the rise in food prices... Almost all of the increase in global maize production from 2004 to 2007 (the period when grain

prices rose sharply) went for biofuels production in the U.S." How price shocks get from here to there As economists debate the theory of "price transmission" -- fo

example, the effect of rising corn prices in Iowa on the price of wheat in Egypt -- the real-world data are coming in, and theyshow that the economic, physical, andbiological links between biofuels and food can reach effortlessly across the planet . In late 2006 to early 2007, the Mexican livestock industry was hit hard by the rising price oimported U.S. yellow corn (which is not eaten by people but goes to produce meat, eggs, corn syrup for soft drinks, and, increasingly, fuel ethanol.) Domestic white corn, a food staple in Mexico used mostly to make tortillas, was cheaper and

was being diverted to animal feedlots. The resulting scarcity and high prices led to widespread unrest. The Chinese government has forbidden the use of traditional cropland for biofuel production. But demand for biofuels is rising in the the

world's largest nation, so, according to reports, "China is looking for [biofuel] feedstock production opportunities outside its borders, [in] Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines" -- a development that could hit food production

hard in those countries. China reportedly has a keen interest in ethanol from cassava as well. To get enough cassava, a starchy root crop that keeps some of the world's poorest subsistence farmers alive, China would have to import it from

countries that are already struggling to produce enough food. Farmers have been forced off their good cropland in oil-rich Indonesia and Colombia to make way for oil-palm plantations. U.N. investigator Jean Ziegler has documented the coerced

or forced eviction of subsistence farmers in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, which is occurring with the encouragement or even collusion of soy agribusiness interests (pdf). Rising demand for biodiesel will put even more pressure on Sout

American farm families who grow food crops, according to forecasts. Before the recent devastating cyclone hit them, the farmers of Burma were already staggering under a government mandate to grow the shrub Jatropha curcas for biodiese

production, and rice production wastaking a hit. Food activists have long argued that so-called "dumping" by the United States and other nations -- that is, selling surplus grain cheaply on the world market -- drives down prices that farmers

receive in poorer countries, pushes them off their land and distorts agricultural production. Now, says the New Fuels Alliance, "as the U.S. ethanol market absorbs grain surpluses that would otherwise be dumped on the international market,

small Third World farmers have a better chance of staying in business." But a recent survey by the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington (IFPRI) casts doubt on that happy prediction. Looking at who buys and sells food in

the markets of Bolivia, Bangladesh, Zambia and Ethiopia (countries all currently suffering food shocks), IFPRI found that while only 1 percent to 4 percent of food is sold by poor farmers, 10 percent to 22 percent of food is sold to the poor people

of those countries (pdf). The conclusion: Many more hungry people stand to lose than to gain from higher prices.Estimates are that each 1 percent rise in the price of staple foods

(in excess of "normal" inflation) will subject 16 million additional people to hunger. IFPRI projects, "If biofuel production

undergoes a drastic increase, calorie availability in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to fall by more than 8 percent, and the

number of malnourished children in the region is projected to increase by 3 million [by 2020]." As major world crops are drawn into theenergy market (in which prices are twice as volatile as in the food market), it appears that other staple foods are being pulled in with them. Noting that in the world's poorest regions, people can spend 50

percent to 80 percent of t heir income on food, economists C. Ford Runge and Benjamin Senauer of the University of Minnesotawarn, "When one staple becomes more expensive, people try to replace

with a cheaper one, but if the prices of nearly all staples go up, they are left with no alternative." IFPRI predicts that the sheer quantity of food available will drop

by 5 percent to 8 percentin Latin America, South Asia and Africaif biofuels are aggressively pursued. Were food consumption to shrink by a similar percentage in the UnitedStates, it might actually be a good thing, but in regions where many millions are already malnourished, it could be a death sentence, says IFPRI. The cash crop trap Cash crops -- including sugarcane, coffee, cotton, lumber -- have a long trac

record of crippling nations' ability to feed themselves. Energy crops grown in the tropics are projected to follow in that cash-crop tradition. Brazil provides a key example. Hailed as a leader in alternative fuels, Brazil has based its ethanol industr

on sugarcane, and that, according to labor groups, has only perpetuated the exploitation that always attends the growing of that crop. The country's Landless Workers' Movement has condemned a national policy of encouraging sugarcan

production for ethanol on big estates and even on lands being resettled under agrarian reform. Cane cutters are paid not by the hour but by t he quantity they cut, and, writes the Movement, "This situation has serious implications for the health o

workers and has caused the death of workers through fatigue and the excessive labor that requires cutting up to 20 tons per day. The majority of contracts are through third-party intermediaries or 'gatos' [so] formal work contracts do not exist.

Another way in which biofuel production could make food more scarce in the near future is by driving up demand for synthetic nitrogen fertilizer. Lavish quantities are needed to achieve high Midwestern corn yields, but synthetic nitrogen i

even more essential to the life of many poor nations. If farming depended solely on naturally occurring nitrogen fertility, the planet's cropped acreage could feed only about 50 percent of today's human population. In corn fi elds and rice paddies

across the global south, farmers pace back and forth with panfuls of commercial fertilizer, metering out the precious granules by the handful. Meanwhile in America's Corn Belt, big farm implements stuff more nitrogen into the soil than the soil

can hold or crops can absorb. As natural gas (the chief input for making nitrogen fertilizer) becomes even more expensive and the world market decides who gets access to costly nitrogen, it will be ethanol cropping -- whether it's with corn

switchgrass or other nitrogen-hungry species -- that goes straight to the head of the line. The Worldwatch Institute's Lester Brown has been talkingfor months now about "competition for grain between the world's 800 million motorists and its

billion poorest people who are simply trying to survive." The competition for nitrogen is forecast to be just as sharp, with the wealthier motorists favored to win. Undercutting future harvests? More than a century of research, on top of millenni

of experience, show that cropping of annual plants like wheat, rice, corn and soybeans inevitably degrades soil (see thisreviewin Scientific American). It is estimated that almost 5 billion acres -- 15 percent of the planet's entire land surface -- i

now subject to human-caused soil degradation, mostly from agriculture. On this continent, two developments have helped reduce soil loss by one-third over the past two decades: adoption of so-called "no-till" methods for reducing soil erosio

and congressional passage of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), which pays farmers to take the most erodable land out of production altogether and sow it to mixtures of native grasses and other plants. The CRP accounts for a much

bigger reduction in soil loss than does no-till, but both have helped. Biofuels now threaten to undermine future food production by reversing hard-won progress against soil degradation. First, the high price of biofuel crops is leading farmers to

withdraw millions of acres from the CRP and put them back into cultivation. That will reduce the useful lifetime of those soils, which need permanent perennial vegetation. Second, as soon as methods for producing ethanol from cellulose have

been employed on a large scale, crop "residues" -- the dry stems and leaves left on the ground after harvest -- will be collected and hauled off to biofuel plants . A U.S. Department of Energy/Department o

Agriculture blueprint (pdf) for supplanting just 30 percent of U.S. petroleum consumption with biofuels would not only consume vas

quantities of intensively cropped grain but would also strip 75 percent of crop residues from the soil after harvest. That will further

deplete the organic-matter content of farm soils.Concern is also rising that stepped-up depletion and pollution of water resources by corn destined for ethanol plants wiundercut

http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=343243http://www.alternet.org/http://www.alternet.org/http://www.alternet.org/http://klprocess.com/Facts_Legends/FVF2.pdfhttp://klprocess.com/Facts_Legends/FVF2.pdfhttp://www.theindianstar.com/index.php?uan=5322http://www.theindianstar.com/index.php?uan=5322http://www.theindianstar.com/index.php?uan=5322http://www.righttofood.org/A62289.pdfhttp://www.righttofood.org/A62289.pdfhttp://www.righttofood.org/A62289.pdfhttp://www.terraper.org/what_new_view.php?id=36http://www.terraper.org/what_new_view.php?id=36http://www.terraper.org/what_new_view.php?id=36http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/fpr/pr18.pdfhttp://www.ifpri.org/pubs/fpr/pr18.pdfhttp://www.ifpri.org/pubs/fpr/pr18.pdfhttp://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070501faessay86305/c-ford-runge-benjamin-senauer/how-biofuels-could-starve-the-poor.htmlhttp://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070501faessay86305/c-ford-runge-benjamin-senauer/how-biofuels-could-starve-the-poor.htmlhttp://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=12339http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=12339http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=12339http://www.alternet.org/story/26703/http://www.alternet.org/story/26703/http://www.alternet.org/story/26703/http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2007/Update63.htmhttp://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2007/Update63.htmhttp://www.landinstitute.org/vnews/display.v/ART/2007/12/10/476071d269717http://www.landinstitute.org/vnews/display.v/ART/2007/12/10/476071d269717http://www.landinstitute.org/vnews/display.v/ART/2007/12/10/476071d269717http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/final_billionton_vision_report2.pdfhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/final_billionton_vision_report2.pdfhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/final_billionton_vision_report2.pdfhttp://www.alternet.org/water/79957/http://www.alternet.org/water/79957/http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=343243http://www.alternet.org/http://klprocess.com/Facts_Legends/FVF2.pdfhttp://www.theindianstar.com/index.php?uan=5322http://www.righttofood.org/A62289.pdfhttp://www.terraper.org/what_new_view.php?id=36http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/fpr/pr18.pdfhttp://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070501faessay86305/c-ford-runge-benjamin-senauer/how-biofuels-could-starve-the-poor.htmlhttp://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=12339http://www.alternet.org/story/26703/http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2007/Update63.htmhttp://www.landinstitute.org/vnews/display.v/ART/2007/12/10/476071d269717http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/final_billionton_vision_report2.pdfhttp://www.alternet.org/water/79957/

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Hemp Negative

America's capacity to produce food in the future. Future food supplies elsewhere in the world also depend on intact, healthy ecosystems, and those appear to be under threat. In a recent Timecove

story, Michael Grunwald described the "chain reaction" that has accelerated deforestation in the Amazon basin:"U.S. farmers are selling one-fifth of their cor

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