HEMATOLYMPHATIC SYSTEM(HLS)

Anatomy Lab 1

DONE BY:Atiqa Dahalan

ATYAF GROUP (2007)أطياف بتضلها أطياف

DISCLAIMER

1. The content of this slides may vary from what you discuss from your lab.

2. The pictures may or may not be the same as what you see in lab because some of them are obtained from the internet.

3. The best reference will still be your notes and books.

Red blood corpuscles

Circular Pallor in the center

[light area] Reddish periphery

[because you have good amount of Hb]

Invisible pallor due to overlapping of RBCs

We won’t see nucleus in RBCs of peripheral blood film.

Lymphocytes Circular, no

indentation of nucleus

Condensed chromatin

Circular nucleus We don’t know if

there is granule from blood film.

We may have large, intermediate and small lymphocytes.

Lymphocyte [cont’d]

Large lymphocytes have larger cytoplasm

We can’t differentiate between B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and NK cells.

Lymphocytes = rim of cytoplasm + circular nucleus.

Neutrophils Characters of

neutrophils in order of priority1. Segmented

nucleus2. 2 types of granules

in cytoplasm [azurophilic & specific]

3. Blue cytoplasm [granules stained blue]

Sickle cell RBCs

They have plasma membrane and Hb

Instead of HbA they have Hb S

These cells become less flexible

Blocked in narrow capillaries

Sickle cell RBC Thick in center, thin in

periphery Even if you tilt a normal RBC

you will not see it like this

Normal RBC (rear view) To prove this, take a

doughnout and take a look at it.

Normal RBC (x-section) Thin in center, thick at

periphery.

Basophils

characteristics of basophils: 1. Circular dark

granules2. Lobes of nucleus

Granules cause vision of nucleus unobvious

Try outlining the nucleus with a pencil – YOU CANT!

Basophils [T.E.M]

Looks like mast cells

Common characteristics : histamine

Note the shape of the granules

Eosinophils

Characteristics1. Red granules2. Bilobed3. Circular

p/s: you can still outline the nucleus

Eosinophil Granules

Crystalline dark center

Lighten periphery In the exam if you

see this, you don’t need the nucleus to say this is EOSINOPHIL.

NEUTROPHIL GRANULES

Here we can see two types of granules

This cell is screaming

“I AM A NEUTROPHIL”

More RBCs !!! Sometimes, we see

small pallor not because of defect but the RBC is tiltted!

See this dot. It is a ribosome [refer to

erythropoiesis]. This ribosome makes globin, and near maturity this RBC is left with few ribosome

it is normal because we can have up to 1-2% of reticulocytes.

Blood platelets

Clump of platelets Their size are much

smaller than RBCs They are dark in

center and lighter in periphery due to presence of granules

p/s: note those stacking RBCs

Platelets [Cont’d] Granules are usually in

the center We have canalicular

system in platelets. It is like a sponge; empty spaces here and there.

This is for a very efficient physiology of secreting platelets factors.

Sometimes we can hardly see granules in platelets because they had secreted the granules’ content.

Platelets [cont’d]

Activated platelets send arms

Colony Forming Unit - RBC

Size : getting smaller Nucleus : smaller &

denser Cytoplasm : lesser In prerythroblast

nucleolus is visible. How do we know it it

RBC CFC? Change of cell color to

more red. Other colony doesn’t have change in color.

1. Proerythroblast1. Largest2. Large nucleus and not condensed3. Bluish cytoplasm [ increasing basophilic material ribosome4. Pro : before; erythro : RBC; blast : having some features

2. Basophilic normoblast1. Nucleus much more condensed2. Cytoplasm becomes more blue

3. Polychromatic normoblast – very obvious change in color4. Orthochromatic normoblast

1. Near to normal2. Almost mostly Hb, while ribosomes getting smaller3. Small nucleus

5. Reticulocyte6. Erythrocyte