• Hello, friendsHello, friends

• My topic for today’s presentation My topic for today’s presentation is Kashmir controversy.is Kashmir controversy.

• So, my first step is to give the So, my first step is to give the introduction about Kashmir- a land introduction about Kashmir- a land of paradise.of paradise.

• IntroductionIntroduction

• The state of Jammu and Kashmir is The state of Jammu and Kashmir is spread over an area of 222236 square spread over an area of 222236 square kilometers .kilometers .

• Jammu and Kashmir is bordered in Jammu and Kashmir is bordered in north by China and west by Pakistani north by China and west by Pakistani city of Rawalpindi and on North city of Rawalpindi and on North Western side by Afghanistan.Western side by Afghanistan.

What created the controversy What created the controversy between India and Pakistan over between India and Pakistan over Kashmir?Kashmir?

• Despite the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi, two Despite the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi, two separate countries were created primarily for separate countries were created primarily for religious reasons: India and Pakistan.religious reasons: India and Pakistan.

• At the time of the creation of India and Pakistan At the time of the creation of India and Pakistan the status of Kashmir (a predominantly Muslim the status of Kashmir (a predominantly Muslim area) was left uncertain.area) was left uncertain.

• Two months after that countries were created, an Two months after that countries were created, an arrangement was made between the national arrangement was made between the national government in India and the Maharaja of Kashmir government in India and the Maharaja of Kashmir which gave control to India. which gave control to India.

• War immediately erupted between India and War immediately erupted between India and Pakistan .Pakistan .

Division of KashmirDivision of Kashmir

• The state was divide in two parts The state was divide in two parts during 1947 and then again a during 1947 and then again a large part of the land was severed large part of the land was severed during 1965 Indo-China war.during 1965 Indo-China war.

• The state consists of three parts Indian controlled Kashmir The state consists of three parts Indian controlled Kashmir (IcK),(IcK),

Pakistan controlled Kashmir (PcK) and China controlled Pakistan controlled Kashmir (PcK) and China controlled Kashmir (CcK). Kashmir (CcK).

Kashmir’s controlled areaKashmir’s controlled area

• In order of percentage, 48 per In order of percentage, 48 per cent of the territory is under cent of the territory is under Indian occupation, 35 per cent is Indian occupation, 35 per cent is under Pakistan and rest 17 per under Pakistan and rest 17 per cent is under control of China. cent is under control of China.

• Total Area of Kashmir: 222236 Total Area of Kashmir: 222236 square kilometers square kilometers

• India Controlled Kashmir: 106,567 India Controlled Kashmir: 106,567 sq kms sq kms

• Pakistan Controlled Kashmir: Pakistan Controlled Kashmir: 78,114 (AK= 4000 sq. miles & NA 78,114 (AK= 4000 sq. miles & NA = 28000 sq. miles) = 28000 sq. miles)

• China Controlled Kashmir: 37,555China Controlled Kashmir: 37,555

Kashmir controlled area

China 17%

India48%

pakistan35%

China

India

pakistan

What have been recently done What have been recently done for Kashmir controversy?for Kashmir controversy?

• In January 2004, Indian Prime Minister In January 2004, Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Pakistani Atal Behari Vajpayee and Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf agreed on President Pervez Musharraf agreed on a process of normalizing relations a process of normalizing relations between the two countries and between the two countries and resolving the Kashmir problem.resolving the Kashmir problem.

• Pakistan and India government have Pakistan and India government have tried their best for Kashmir problem tried their best for Kashmir problem but there were fail because of but there were fail because of unexpected terrorism activities.unexpected terrorism activities.

What does people of Kashmir What does people of Kashmir wants for their state?wants for their state?

• People wants free People wants free Kashmir because they Kashmir because they have suffered a lot due to have suffered a lot due to war between india and war between india and Pakistan .Pakistan .

• The problem is not solved The problem is not solved for last 50 years ,that’s for last 50 years ,that’s why people of Kashmir why people of Kashmir have lost their faith from have lost their faith from both governments. both governments.

Population of KashmirPopulation of Kashmir

• Population of Kashmir does not Population of Kashmir does not having a correct figure, but having a correct figure, but approximately it is 13 million approximately it is 13 million

• 10 million in Indian area and 3 10 million in Indian area and 3 million in Pakistan area.million in Pakistan area.

• To show Kashmir on the maps has To show Kashmir on the maps has always been a big headache for always been a big headache for different countries, agencies and different countries, agencies and companies. If they go for one version companies. If they go for one version either of the three countries gets either of the three countries gets angry. Recently a decision taken by angry. Recently a decision taken by India forced Microsoft to discontinue India forced Microsoft to discontinue its sale of software which depicted its sale of software which depicted some parts of Kashmir as not some parts of Kashmir as not integral part of India integral part of India

Kashmir :a land peace or Kashmir :a land peace or war?war?

• No one No one understands the understands the needs of Kashmir, needs of Kashmir, countries like countries like Pakistan and India Pakistan and India are just wasting are just wasting their time and their time and money in war.money in war.

• They never see the tears from a child They never see the tears from a child when his/her relatives gets vanished when his/her relatives gets vanished in terrorist activities.in terrorist activities.

• The question still is in our mind that The question still is in our mind that how this problem regarding Kashmir how this problem regarding Kashmir can be solved?can be solved?

• Thank you for watching my Thank you for watching my presentation.presentation.

By : Nayan MakwanaCourtesy of images: