Hellenistic Architecture in Pergamon, Greece HOW DO BUILDINGS AND ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMS EXPRESS THE...
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Transcript of Hellenistic Architecture in Pergamon, Greece HOW DO BUILDINGS AND ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMS EXPRESS THE...
Hellenistic Architecture in Pergamon, Greece
HOW DO BUILDINGS AND ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMS EXPRESS THE VALUES (values
can be cultural, social or religious) AND POLITICAL AGENDAS OF THEIR PATRONS?
• THE PERGAMON ACROPOLIS
• Acropolis of a large and wealthy city with a diverse, non-Greek population
• Included palaces, temples, gymnasiums and markets
• City became known as a 2nd Athens• At the very top was the palace of the
Pergamon king• Monarchy towers above all else• Pomp and display of the Hellenistic
city was a departure from austere Athenian acropolis
• Monuments erected to honor the kings and glorify not the city but individuals
What are the facts? (F)
Artist: EpigonosPatron: King Attalus IDate: 200 BCEPeriod/Style: Hellenistic GreeceSize: 3’ ½”Location / findspot: Pergamon Acropolis
SUBJECT MATTERWar with the Gauls
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
Original BronzeMarble Copy exists
DYING GAUL
CA: WHY WAS IT CREATED
1. PHYSICAL LOCATIONPergamon Acropolis: Courtyard below royal palace
2. PATRONKing Attalus
4. HISTORICAL EVENTSVictory over the nomadic Gauls – a constant threat to Greece.
5. Big Ideas: Drama, Individualism, Focus on the human experience and pain of the individual
FUNCTION: Victory caused the King to beautify the city. Statues are a commemoration. The Gaul’s strength in death makes the victory over them more impressive
How is the subject matter visually represented?How is the meaning/function visually conveyed (FA)
- The Gaul’s strength in death makes the victory over them more impressive
- Mortally wounded, struggling against death
- Eyes fixed on the ground, looking at his sword and trumpet (used to sound call for relief)
- Support himself weakly with one arm- Gaping wound on one side- Anguished expression on his face- Rough musculature of body marks his
barbarism- Detail is individualistic and realistic- While the citizens would rejoice at his
defeat they were meant to also sympathize with him and thus get involved in the drama
Altar of ZeusWhat are the facts? (F)
Artist: NAPatron: King Eumenes IIDate: 200 BCEPeriod/Style: Hellenistic GreeceSize: 3’ ½”Location / findspot: Pergamon Acropolis
SUBJECT MATTERAltar of worship for Zeus, commemorating the Hellenistic struggle against the barbarians.
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
Marble (only copy exists)
CA: WHY WAS IT CREATED
1. PHYSICAL LOCATIONPergamon Acropolis
2. PATRONKing Eumenes II
4. HISTORICAL EVENTS: DEPICTED IN THE FRIEZE: Allegory for the war between Pergamens and the Gauls Continuing the tradition of celebrating Greeks’s struggles against, and victories over barbarians. Pergamons are the Gods, Gauls are the Giants
5. Big Ideas: Drama and the appeal to the emotions
FUNCTION: Commemoration of triumph and Glory of the Hellenistic Monarchy
How is the subject matter visually represented?How is the meaning/function visually conveyed (FA)
- Temple Style:- Traditional Greek temple turned upside
down- Rested on a podium or platform- On either side of the step was a frieze 7
feet high 450 feet long- At eye level with the viewer – sculptural
adornment is more important than the architecture = interest in drama
- Frieze is framed by a molding below and a dentil range above
- Ionic colonnade on the building façade has not structural purpose
- Wider space between columns allowed viewer to look into interior courtyard where the alter to Zeus was housed
How is the subject matter visually represented?How is the meaning/function visually conveyed (FA)- Frieze: Olympians vs. Giants- Included inscription – could read an vies
the frieze- Struggles between forces of light and
dark- Bold high relief and great detail in texture
and appearance of swords and and buckles
- Figures stand out so far they are nearly in the round and come at the viewer – they are superhuman
- Makes full use of the light and shadow created by the sculptures = Heightened tumultuous Drama
- Swirling struggle of bodies is continuous along the whole narrative
- Motion creates unity- Separate scenes are linked together by
coiling snakes – they lead the eye- Poseidon and Athena copied from the
Parthenon pediments
ATHENA ATTACKING THE GIANTS ABOVE
ZEUS HURLING THUNDERBOLTS ABOVE