Hell: THE FINAL Destiny OF THE LOST Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2009.

Hell:Hell: THE FINAL Destiny THE FINAL Destiny

OF THE LOSTOF THE LOST

Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2009Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2009

Hell:Hell: THE FINAL Destiny THE FINAL Destiny

OF THE LOSTOF THE LOST

Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2009Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2009

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

•Hell has been called:Hell has been called:–UnjustUnjust–ImmoralImmoral–InhumaneInhumane–CruelCruel–BarbaricBarbaric

•Hell has been called:Hell has been called:–UnjustUnjust–ImmoralImmoral–InhumaneInhumane–CruelCruel–BarbaricBarbaric

Bertrand RussellBertrand Russell ““There is one very serious There is one very serious

defect to my mind in Christ’s defect to my mind in Christ’s moral character, and that is moral character, and that is that He believed in hell. I do that He believed in hell. I do not myself feel that any not myself feel that any person who is really person who is really profoundly humaneprofoundly humane can can believe in everlasting believe in everlasting punishment…. I must say punishment…. I must say that I think all this doctrine, that I think all this doctrine, that hell-fire is a that hell-fire is a punishment for sin, is a punishment for sin, is a doctrine of crueltydoctrine of cruelty” (“Why I ” (“Why I Am Not a Christian, 593-Am Not a Christian, 593-594).594).

““There is one very serious There is one very serious defect to my mind in Christ’s defect to my mind in Christ’s moral character, and that is moral character, and that is that He believed in hell. I do that He believed in hell. I do not myself feel that any not myself feel that any person who is really person who is really profoundly humaneprofoundly humane can can believe in everlasting believe in everlasting punishment…. I must say punishment…. I must say that I think all this doctrine, that I think all this doctrine, that hell-fire is a that hell-fire is a punishment for sin, is a punishment for sin, is a doctrine of crueltydoctrine of cruelty” (“Why I ” (“Why I Am Not a Christian, 593-Am Not a Christian, 593-594).594).

Darwin: Hell is a Darwin: Hell is a Damnable DoctrineDamnable Doctrine

““I can indeed hardly I can indeed hardly see see how anyone ought to how anyone ought to

wish Christianity to wish Christianity to be be true; for if so the true; for if so the plain plain language of the language of the text seems text seems to show that the to show that the men who do not believe, and this would men who do not believe, and this would include my father, brother and almost include my father, brother and almost all my best friends, will be everlastingly all my best friends, will be everlastingly punished. And punished. And this is a damnable this is a damnable doctrine.”doctrine.”

John Stuart Mill on Hell “I will call no being

good who is not what I mean when I apply that epithet to my fellow creatures, and if such a being

can sentence me to hell for not so calling him, to hell I will go” (From An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy). Oopps!

The Final State of the The Final State of the LostLost

The Final State of the The Final State of the LostLost

I. The Biblical Basis for HellI. The Biblical Basis for Hell

II. The Doctrinal Basis for HellII. The Doctrinal Basis for Hell

III. The Nature, Location, and III. The Nature, Location, and Duration of Hell Duration of Hell

IV. Answering Some IV. Answering Some Objections Objections about Hell about Hell

I. The Biblical Basis for HellI. The Biblical Basis for Hell

II. The Doctrinal Basis for HellII. The Doctrinal Basis for Hell


IV. Answering Some IV. Answering Some Objections Objections about Hell about Hell

I. The Biblical Basis for I. The Biblical Basis for HellHell


A. Jesus Taught the Existence of Hell

Matthew 5:22-30.--“Anyone who says to his brother, ‘Raca,’ is answerable to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.... If your right eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell.”


Matthew 5:22-30.--“Anyone who says to his brother, ‘Raca,’ is answerable to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.... If your right eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell.”




Matthew 10:28.--Jesus warned,"Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell."


Matthew 10:28.--Jesus warned,"Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell."



A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellMatthew 10:28.--Jesus warned,"Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell."

Matthew 11:23.–“And thou, Capernaum, which are exalted unto heaven, shall be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day.”

A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellMatthew 10:28.--Jesus warned,"Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell."

Matthew 11:23.–“And thou, Capernaum, which are exalted unto heaven, shall be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day.”



A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellMatthew 13:49-50.–-Jesus added of those who reject Him, “This is how it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous and throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”





Matthew 22:13.--“Then the king told the attendants, ‘Tie him hand and foot, and throw him outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’”


Matthew 22:13.--“Then the king told the attendants, ‘Tie him hand and foot, and throw him outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’”



A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellMatthew 23:23.–“You serpents, you generation of vipers, how can you escape the damnation of hell?”





Matthew 25:41.--In His great Mt. Olivet Discourse our Lord declared, "Then he will say to those on his left, `Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.’"


Matthew 25:41.--In His great Mt. Olivet Discourse our Lord declared, "Then he will say to those on his left, `Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.’"



A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellMark 9:43-47–Elsewhere He affirmed: "If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life maimed than with two hands to go into hell, where the fire never goes out. And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than to have two feet and be thrown into hell. And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into hell.”

A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellMark 9:43-47–Elsewhere He affirmed: "If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life maimed than with two hands to go into hell, where the fire never goes out. And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than to have two feet and be thrown into hell. And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into hell.”



A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellLuke 16:19-31.--Unlike a parable, this story uses a real name (Lazarus): "There was a rich man who was dressed in purple and fine linen and lived in luxury every day.... The rich man also died and was buried. In hell, where he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far away, with Lazarus by his side. So he called to him, ‘Father Abraham, have pity on me and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, because I am in agony in this fire.' But Abraham replied, `Son, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things, while Lazarus received bad things, but now he is comforted here and you are in agony. And besides all this, between us and you a great chasm has been fixed, so that those who want to go from here to you cannot, nor can anyone cross over from there to us.’””

A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellLuke 16:19-31.--Unlike a parable, this story uses a real name (Lazarus): "There was a rich man who was dressed in purple and fine linen and lived in luxury every day.... The rich man also died and was buried. In hell, where he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far away, with Lazarus by his side. So he called to him, ‘Father Abraham, have pity on me and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, because I am in agony in this fire.' But Abraham replied, `Son, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things, while Lazarus received bad things, but now he is comforted here and you are in agony. And besides all this, between us and you a great chasm has been fixed, so that those who want to go from here to you cannot, nor can anyone cross over from there to us.’””



A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellLuke 16:19-31.(cont.)--”He answered, `Then I beg you, father, send Lazarus to my father's house, for I have five brothers. Let him warn them, so that they will not also come to this place of torment.' Abraham replied, ‘They have Moses and the Prophets; let them listen to them.' `No, father Abraham,' he said, `but if someone from the dead goes to them, they will repent.' He said to him, `If they do not listen to Moses and the Prophets, they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.’"

A. Jesus Taught the Existence of HellLuke 16:19-31.(cont.)--”He answered, `Then I beg you, father, send Lazarus to my father's house, for I have five brothers. Let him warn them, so that they will not also come to this place of torment.' Abraham replied, ‘They have Moses and the Prophets; let them listen to them.' `No, father Abraham,' he said, `but if someone from the dead goes to them, they will repent.' He said to him, `If they do not listen to Moses and the Prophets, they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.’"



B. Other Verses Teach There is a Hell2 Thessalonians 1:7-9.--"This will happen when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven in blazing fire with his powerful angels. He will punish those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus. They will be punished with everlasting destruction and shut out from the presence of the Lord and from the majesty of his power.”

B. Other Verses Teach There is a Hell2 Thessalonians 1:7-9.--"This will happen when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven in blazing fire with his powerful angels. He will punish those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus. They will be punished with everlasting destruction and shut out from the presence of the Lord and from the majesty of his power.”



B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellHebrews 9:27.--"Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment...."

B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellHebrews 9:27.--"Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment...."



B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellHebrews 9:27.--"Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment...." 2 Peter 2:4-5.–“For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent them to hell, putting them into gloomy dungeons to be held for judgment;...if this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue godly men from trials and to hold the unrighteous for the day of judgment, while continuing their punishment.”

B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellHebrews 9:27.--"Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment...." 2 Peter 2:4-5.–“For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent them to hell, putting them into gloomy dungeons to be held for judgment;...if this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue godly men from trials and to hold the unrighteous for the day of judgment, while continuing their punishment.”



B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellJude 1:12-13.–-“These men are blemishes at your love feasts, eating with you without the slightest qualm—shepherds who feed only themselves. They are clouds without rain, blown along by the wind; autumn trees, without fruit and uprooted—twice dead. They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.”

B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellJude 1:12-13.–-“These men are blemishes at your love feasts, eating with you without the slightest qualm—shepherds who feed only themselves. They are clouds without rain, blown along by the wind; autumn trees, without fruit and uprooted—twice dead. They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.”



B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellRevelation 19:20.–“But the beast was captured, and with him the false prophet who had performed the miraculous signs on his behalf. With these signs he had deluded those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped his image. The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur.”

B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellRevelation 19:20.–“But the beast was captured, and with him the false prophet who had performed the miraculous signs on his behalf. With these signs he had deluded those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped his image. The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur.”



B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellRevelation 20:11-15.--John declared: “Then I saw a great white throne and him who was seated on it. Earth and sky fled from his presence, and there was no place for them. And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged according to what they had done as recorded in the books…. Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the second death. If anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.”

B. Other Verses Teach There is a HellRevelation 20:11-15.--John declared: “Then I saw a great white throne and him who was seated on it. Earth and sky fled from his presence, and there was no place for them. And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged according to what they had done as recorded in the books…. Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the second death. If anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.”

II. The Doctrinal Basis for II. The Doctrinal Basis for the Existence of Hellthe Existence of Hell

II. The Doctrinal Basis for II. The Doctrinal Basis for the Existence of Hellthe Existence of Hell

II. The Doctrinal Basis for the II. The Doctrinal Basis for the Existence of Hell Existence of Hell


A. God’s Justice Demands a HellA. God’s Justice Demands a Hell

Hab. 1:13Hab. 1:13.--.--”You are of purer ”You are of purer eyes than to behold evileyes than to behold evil and and cannot look on wickedness.”cannot look on wickedness.”







Rom. 2:11Rom. 2:11.--.--”For there is no partiality with God."









Gen. 18:25Gen. 18:25.--.--"Shall not the judge of all the earth do right."




Gen. 18:25Gen. 18:25.--.--"Shall not the judge of all the earth do right."



B. God’s Love Demands a HellB. God’s Love Demands a HellThe Bible asserts that "God is love." (1 John 4:16) But love cannot act coercively, only persuasively. A God of love cannot force people to love Him. He must allow them to reject He must allow them to reject Him—forever (= Hell).Him—forever (= Hell).

B. God’s Love Demands a HellB. God’s Love Demands a HellThe Bible asserts that "God is love." (1 John 4:16) But love cannot act coercively, only persuasively. A God of love cannot force people to love Him. He must allow them to reject He must allow them to reject Him—forever (= Hell).Him—forever (= Hell).



C. God’s Sovereignty Demands C. God’s Sovereignty Demands a Hella HellUnless there is a Hell there will be no final victory over evil. For what frustrates good is evil. So, there must be an ultimate separation of evil from good or else good will not triumph over evil. (Mt. 13:40-41)

C. God’s Sovereignty Demands C. God’s Sovereignty Demands a Hella HellUnless there is a Hell there will be no final victory over evil. For what frustrates good is evil. So, there must be an ultimate separation of evil from good or else good will not triumph over evil. (Mt. 13:40-41)



D. Human Depravity Demands a HellD. Human Depravity Demands a HellGod is absolutely perfect (Hab. 1:13; Mt. 5:48) and, as such He cannot tolerate sin. But human beings are irretractably sinful.





Paul wrote:“‘There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands, no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.’’’ (Rom (Rom. 3:11-23)


Paul wrote:“‘There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands, no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.’’’ (Rom (Rom. 3:11-23)



E. Human Dignity Demands a E. Human Dignity Demands a HellHell

“ “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing." (Matt. 23:37)

E. Human Dignity Demands a E. Human Dignity Demands a HellHell

“ “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing." (Matt. 23:37)



F. The Cross of Christ Implies F. The Cross of Christ Implies HellHellOnly through the Cross can we be delivered from our sins. (Rom. 3:21-26)If there is no Hell to shun, then the Cross was in vain.

If Hell does If Hell does not existnot exist, then Jesus , then Jesus died for nothing died for nothing (= does(= does not not exist).exist).

F. The Cross of Christ Implies F. The Cross of Christ Implies HellHellOnly through the Cross can we be delivered from our sins. (Rom. 3:21-26)If there is no Hell to shun, then the Cross was in vain.

If Hell does If Hell does not existnot exist, then Jesus , then Jesus died for nothing died for nothing (= does(= does not not exist).exist).



G. It is an Illusion to Deny HellG. It is an Illusion to Deny HellSigmund Freud defined illusions as beliefs that “are derived from human wishes.”

Given the evidence for Hell, its denial is a strong candidate for an illusion (viz., a wish fulfillment).

A statistical illusion:A statistical illusion: A recent survey A recent survey showed that 70% of Americans showed that 70% of Americans believe in Hell, but only 2% believe in Hell, but only 2% believe they are going there!believe they are going there!

G. It is an Illusion to Deny HellG. It is an Illusion to Deny HellSigmund Freud defined illusions as beliefs that “are derived from human wishes.”

Given the evidence for Hell, its denial is a strong candidate for an illusion (viz., a wish fulfillment).

A statistical illusion:A statistical illusion: A recent survey A recent survey showed that 70% of Americans showed that 70% of Americans believe in Hell, but only 2% believe in Hell, but only 2% believe they are going there!believe they are going there!



A. The Nature of HellA. The Nature of Hell

B. The Location of HellB. The Location of Hell

C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell

A. The Nature of HellA. The Nature of Hell

B. The Location of HellB. The Location of Hell

C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell



A. The Nature of HellA. The Nature of HellIt is a horrifying reality like:

--being left outside in the dark forever

(Matt. 8:12)



(Matt. 8:12)





(Matt. 8:12)--a wandering star (Jude 13)



(Matt. 8:12)--a wandering star (Jude 13)





(Matt. 8:12)--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)



(Matt. 8:12)--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)





(Matt. 8:12)--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)--a perpetually burning dump (Mark

9:44-48)




9:44-48)






9:44-48)--a bottomless pit (Rev. 20:1, 3)




9:44-48)--a bottomless pit (Rev. 20:1, 3)



A. The Nature of Hell: A. The Nature of Hell: It like: --being left outside in the dark

forever (Matt. 8:12)

--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)--a perpetually burning dump (Mark

9:44-48)--a bottomless pit (Rev. 20:1, 3)--an everlasting prison (1 Pet. 3:19)

A. The Nature of Hell: A. The Nature of Hell: It like: --being left outside in the dark

forever (Matt. 8:12)

--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)--a perpetually burning dump (Mark

9:44-48)--a bottomless pit (Rev. 20:1, 3)--an everlasting prison (1 Pet. 3:19)



A. The Nature of Hell; A. The Nature of Hell; It is like: --being lost in the dark forever (Mt.

8:12)--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)--a perpetually burning dump (Mark 9:44-48)--a bottomless pit (Rev. 20:1, 3)--an everlasting prison (1 Pet. 3:19)--a place of anguish and regret (Luke 16:28)

A. The Nature of Hell; A. The Nature of Hell; It is like: --being lost in the dark forever (Mt.

8:12)--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)--a perpetually burning dump (Mark 9:44-48)--a bottomless pit (Rev. 20:1, 3)--an everlasting prison (1 Pet. 3:19)--a place of anguish and regret (Luke 16:28)

A. The Nature of Hell; A. The Nature of Hell; It is like: --being lost in the dark forever (Mt. 8)

--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)--a perpetually burning dump (Mark 9:44-48)--a bottomless pit (Rev. 20:1, 3)--an everlasting prison (1 Pet. 3:19)--a place of anguish and regret (Luke 16:28)--a place of weeping and gnashing of teeth (Matt. 13:50)

A. The Nature of Hell; A. The Nature of Hell; It is like: --being lost in the dark forever (Mt. 8)

--a wandering star (Jude 13)--a waterless cloud (Jude 12)--a perpetually burning dump (Mark 9:44-48)--a bottomless pit (Rev. 20:1, 3)--an everlasting prison (1 Pet. 3:19)--a place of anguish and regret (Luke 16:28)--a place of weeping and gnashing of teeth (Matt. 13:50)



• A. The Nature of Hell: Is the “fire” A. The Nature of Hell: Is the “fire” Literal?Literal?Answer:Answer: It is It is realreal but not necessarily but not necessarily

physicalphysical since:since:1. Contrary figures of speech are used 1. Contrary figures of speech are used like:like:

a. Fire darkness;a. Fire darkness; b. Bottomless pit a dump;b. Bottomless pit a dump;

c. A bodiless soul with a tongue. c. A bodiless soul with a tongue. 2. It is worse than physical fire (2. It is worse than physical fire (Mental

anguish can be worse than physical pain).

• A. The Nature of Hell: Is the “fire” A. The Nature of Hell: Is the “fire” Literal?Literal?Answer:Answer: It is It is realreal but not necessarily but not necessarily

physicalphysical since:since:1. Contrary figures of speech are used 1. Contrary figures of speech are used like:like:

a. Fire darkness;a. Fire darkness; b. Bottomless pit a dump;b. Bottomless pit a dump;

c. A bodiless soul with a tongue. c. A bodiless soul with a tongue. 2. It is worse than physical fire (2. It is worse than physical fire (Mental

anguish can be worse than physical pain).



A. The Nature of HellA. The Nature of HellTo borrow the title of a great book on Hell (see Lewis , GD), it is like “a great divorce” --an eternal separation from God. (2 Thess. 1:7-9) In biblical language, there is "a great gulf fixed" between Hell and Heaven. (Lk. 16:26)

A. The Nature of HellA. The Nature of HellTo borrow the title of a great book on Hell (see Lewis , GD), it is like “a great divorce” --an eternal separation from God. (2 Thess. 1:7-9) In biblical language, there is "a great gulf fixed" between Hell and Heaven. (Lk. 16:26)



B. The Location of HellB. The Location of Hell Hell is said to be:

"under the earth" (Phil. 2:10) a place of "outer darkness"

(Matt. 8:12; 22:13)



(Matt. 8:12; 22:13)





(Matt. 8:12; 22:13)"outside [the gate of the

heavenly city]” (Rev. 22:15)




heavenly city]” (Rev. 22:15)






heavenly city]” (Rev. 22:15)away from the "presence of

the Lord” (Matt. 25:41; 2 Thess. 1:7-9)




heavenly city]” (Rev. 22:15)away from the "presence of

the Lord” (Matt. 25:41; 2 Thess. 1:7-9)



C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell1. Hell will last as long as Heaven 1. Hell will last as long as Heaven doesdoesHeaven is described as "everlasting" in the Bible. But the same Greek word (aionion), used in the same context, also affirms that Hell is "everlasting" (Matt. 25:41 cf. 2 Thess. 1:7-9; Rev. 20:10).

C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell1. Hell will last as long as Heaven 1. Hell will last as long as Heaven doesdoesHeaven is described as "everlasting" in the Bible. But the same Greek word (aionion), used in the same context, also affirms that Hell is "everlasting" (Matt. 25:41 cf. 2 Thess. 1:7-9; Rev. 20:10).



C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell2. Hell will last as long as God does2. Hell will last as long as God does

TThe same word “eternal” (aionion) used of hell is also used of God. Romans 16:26 declares that God’s mystery is “...now revealed and made known through the prophetic writings by the command of the eternal God, so that all nations might believe and obey him.”

C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell2. Hell will last as long as God does2. Hell will last as long as God does

TThe same word “eternal” (aionion) used of hell is also used of God. Romans 16:26 declares that God’s mystery is “...now revealed and made known through the prophetic writings by the command of the eternal God, so that all nations might believe and obey him.”



C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell3. Hell can’t be annihilation because:3. Hell can’t be annihilation because: a. There are no degrees of nothing.a. There are no degrees of nothing.

b. There is no “torment” in nothing.b. There is no “torment” in nothing. c. Annihilation is immediate destruction, c. Annihilation is immediate destruction,

not not “everlasting destruction.”“everlasting destruction.” d. Beast and false prophet were alive in d. Beast and false prophet were alive in

hell hell 1000 years 1000 years later (Rev. 19:20; later (Rev. 19:20;

20:10). 20:10). e. After annihilation, the fire would go out, e. After annihilation, the fire would go out,

but but it never goes out in hell.it never goes out in hell. f. Annihilation is not darkness forever.f. Annihilation is not darkness forever. g. Nothing is not a punishment as hell is.g. Nothing is not a punishment as hell is. h. There is an “eternal sin” (Mk. 3:29) h. There is an “eternal sin” (Mk. 3:29)

which which demands eternal punishment.demands eternal punishment.

C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell3. Hell can’t be annihilation because:3. Hell can’t be annihilation because: a. There are no degrees of nothing.a. There are no degrees of nothing.

b. There is no “torment” in nothing.b. There is no “torment” in nothing. c. Annihilation is immediate destruction, c. Annihilation is immediate destruction,

not not “everlasting destruction.”“everlasting destruction.” d. Beast and false prophet were alive in d. Beast and false prophet were alive in

hell hell 1000 years 1000 years later (Rev. 19:20; later (Rev. 19:20;

20:10). 20:10). e. After annihilation, the fire would go out, e. After annihilation, the fire would go out,

but but it never goes out in hell.it never goes out in hell. f. Annihilation is not darkness forever.f. Annihilation is not darkness forever. g. Nothing is not a punishment as hell is.g. Nothing is not a punishment as hell is. h. There is an “eternal sin” (Mk. 3:29) h. There is an “eternal sin” (Mk. 3:29)

which which demands eternal punishment.demands eternal punishment.



C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell3. Hell can’t be annihilation because:3. Hell can’t be annihilation because:

Objection:Objection: If Hell is not annihilation, then why If Hell is not annihilation, then why are are the words “perish” (Jn. 3:16; 2 Pet. 3:9) and the words “perish” (Jn. 3:16; 2 Pet. 3:9) and “destruction” used of it?“destruction” used of it?

Answer:Answer: 1. This “destruction” is eternal, not 1. This “destruction” is eternal, not

instantaneous (2 Thes. 1:7-9). instantaneous (2 Thes. 1:7-9). 2. “Perish” refers to a long process (2 Cor. 4:4).2. “Perish” refers to a long process (2 Cor. 4:4). 3. “Perish” is used of something lost and later 3. “Perish” is used of something lost and later

found (Deut. 22:3). found (Deut. 22:3). 4. “Perish” is also used of the death of the 4. “Perish” is also used of the death of the

righteous (Isa. 57:1; Micah 7:2) who live on righteous (Isa. 57:1; Micah 7:2) who live on after that. So, it can’t mean annihilation.after that. So, it can’t mean annihilation.

C. The Duration of HellC. The Duration of Hell3. Hell can’t be annihilation because:3. Hell can’t be annihilation because:

Objection:Objection: If Hell is not annihilation, then why If Hell is not annihilation, then why are are the words “perish” (Jn. 3:16; 2 Pet. 3:9) and the words “perish” (Jn. 3:16; 2 Pet. 3:9) and “destruction” used of it?“destruction” used of it?

Answer:Answer: 1. This “destruction” is eternal, not 1. This “destruction” is eternal, not

instantaneous (2 Thes. 1:7-9). instantaneous (2 Thes. 1:7-9). 2. “Perish” refers to a long process (2 Cor. 4:4).2. “Perish” refers to a long process (2 Cor. 4:4). 3. “Perish” is used of something lost and later 3. “Perish” is used of something lost and later

found (Deut. 22:3). found (Deut. 22:3). 4. “Perish” is also used of the death of the 4. “Perish” is also used of the death of the

righteous (Isa. 57:1; Micah 7:2) who live on righteous (Isa. 57:1; Micah 7:2) who live on after that. So, it can’t mean annihilation.after that. So, it can’t mean annihilation.

VI. Answering Some VI. Answering Some ObjectionsObjections

VI. Answering Some VI. Answering Some ObjectionsObjections

A. Why Punish People in Hell; A. Why Punish People in Hell; Why Why Not Reform Them for Not Reform Them for

Heaven?Heaven?


Heaven?Heaven?First, God does try to reform people; the time of reformation is called life (Lk. 16:31).

.

First, God does try to reform people; the time of reformation is called life (Lk. 16:31).

.


Heaven?Heaven?



SecondSecond, , after the time of reformation comes the time of reckoning (Heb. 9:27).




Heaven?Heaven?




Third,Third, reforming people against their reforming people against their will dehumanizes them. will dehumanizes them.





Heaven?Heaven?





1. They are not 1. They are not patientspatients to be cured, to be cured, but but they are they are personspersons to be to be punished.punished.




1. They are not 1. They are not patientspatients to be cured, to be cured, but but they are they are personspersons to be to be punished.punished.


Heaven?Heaven?


Heaven?Heaven?First, God does try to reform people; the time of reformation is called life (Lk. 16:31). SecondSecond, , after the time of reformation comes the time of reckoning (Heb. 9:27). Third,Third, reforming people against their will reforming people against their will dehumanizes them. dehumanizes them. 1. They are not 1. They are not patientspatients to be cured, but to be cured, but

they are they are personspersons to be to be punished.punished.2. They are not 2. They are not objectsobjects to be to be manipulated, manipulated, but they are but they are subjectssubjects to be respectedto be respected. .

First, God does try to reform people; the time of reformation is called life (Lk. 16:31). SecondSecond, , after the time of reformation comes the time of reckoning (Heb. 9:27). Third,Third, reforming people against their will reforming people against their will dehumanizes them. dehumanizes them. 1. They are not 1. They are not patientspatients to be cured, but to be cured, but

they are they are personspersons to be to be punished.punished.2. They are not 2. They are not objectsobjects to be to be manipulated, manipulated, but they are but they are subjectssubjects to be respectedto be respected. .

B. What if Someone Changes B. What if Someone Changes His Mind after Going to Hell?His Mind after Going to Hell?


First,First, God would not allow anyone to God would not allow anyone to go there whom He knew would go there whom He knew would change their minds (2Peter 3:9; 1 change their minds (2Peter 3:9; 1 Tim. 2:4). Tim. 2:4).

First,First, God would not allow anyone to God would not allow anyone to go there whom He knew would go there whom He knew would change their minds (2Peter 3:9; 1 change their minds (2Peter 3:9; 1 Tim. 2:4). Tim. 2:4).



First,First, God would not allow anyone to God would not allow anyone to go there whom He knew would change go there whom He knew would change their minds (2Peter 3:9; 1 Tim. 2:4). their minds (2Peter 3:9; 1 Tim. 2:4).

Lewis:Lewis: ““I believe that if a million chances were likely to do good, they would be given…. Finality must come some time, and it does not require a very robust faith to believe that omniscience knows when.” (The Problem of Pain, 112)

First,First, God would not allow anyone to God would not allow anyone to go there whom He knew would change go there whom He knew would change their minds (2Peter 3:9; 1 Tim. 2:4). their minds (2Peter 3:9; 1 Tim. 2:4).

Lewis:Lewis: ““I believe that if a million chances were likely to do good, they would be given…. Finality must come some time, and it does not require a very robust faith to believe that omniscience knows when.” (The Problem of Pain, 112)

B. What if Someone B. What if Someone Changes Changes His Mind after His Mind after

Going to Hell?Going to Hell?


Going to Hell?Going to Hell?SecondSecond, those who won’t repent here , those who won’t repent here with all the light they have will want with all the light they have will want even less to repent there with no even less to repent there with no light.light.

SecondSecond, those who won’t repent here , those who won’t repent here with all the light they have will want with all the light they have will want even less to repent there with no even less to repent there with no light.light.


Going to Hell?Going to Hell?


Going to Hell?Going to Hell?SecondSecond, those who won’t repent here , those who won’t repent here with all the light they have will want with all the light they have will want even less to repent there with no even less to repent there with no light (Those who reject Christ get light (Those who reject Christ get “strong delusion to believe a lie”—2 “strong delusion to believe a lie”—2 Thes. 2:11).Thes. 2:11).

““If they don’t see the need with some If they don’t see the need with some light here, they won’t see the need light here, they won’t see the need with no light there.”with no light there.”

SecondSecond, those who won’t repent here , those who won’t repent here with all the light they have will want with all the light they have will want even less to repent there with no even less to repent there with no light (Those who reject Christ get light (Those who reject Christ get “strong delusion to believe a lie”—2 “strong delusion to believe a lie”—2 Thes. 2:11).Thes. 2:11).

““If they don’t see the need with some If they don’t see the need with some light here, they won’t see the need light here, they won’t see the need with no light there.”with no light there.”

C. Why Doesn’t God Save C. Why Doesn’t God Save Everyone at Any Cost?Everyone at Any Cost?


First,First, human’s are free, and God human’s are free, and God can’tcan’t forceforce them to them to freelyfreely accept Him. accept Him. First,First, human’s are free, and God human’s are free, and God can’tcan’t forceforce them to them to freelyfreely accept Him. accept Him.



First,First, human’s are free, and God can’t human’s are free, and God can’t forceforce them to them to freelyfreely accept Him. accept Him. Second,Second, forced freedom is a contradiction. forced freedom is a contradiction. As Lewis put it, As Lewis put it, ““I would pay any price to be able to say truthfully "All will be saved." But my reason retorts, "Without their will, or with it?" If I say "Without their will" I at once perceive a contradiction; how can the supreme voluntary act of self-surrender be involuntary? If I say "With their will," my reason replies "How if they will not give in?" (The Problem of Pain, 106-107)

First,First, human’s are free, and God can’t human’s are free, and God can’t forceforce them to them to freelyfreely accept Him. accept Him. Second,Second, forced freedom is a contradiction. forced freedom is a contradiction. As Lewis put it, As Lewis put it, ““I would pay any price to be able to say truthfully "All will be saved." But my reason retorts, "Without their will, or with it?" If I say "Without their will" I at once perceive a contradiction; how can the supreme voluntary act of self-surrender be involuntary? If I say "With their will," my reason replies "How if they will not give in?" (The Problem of Pain, 106-107)

D. Isn’t it Overkill to Give Eternal Damnation for

Temporal Sins?


Temporal Sins? First, only eternal punishment will suffice for sins again the eternal God.

First, only eternal punishment will suffice for sins again the eternal God.


Temporal Sins?


Temporal Sins? First, only eternal punishment will suffice for sins again the eternal God. Second, No sin can be tolerated as long as God exists, and God is eternal.

First, only eternal punishment will suffice for sins again the eternal God. Second, No sin can be tolerated as long as God exists, and God is eternal.


Temporal Sins?


Temporal Sins? First, only eternal punishment will suffice for sins again the eternal God. Second, No sin can be tolerated as long as God exists, and God is eternal. Third, Sin against an infinite God is an infinitely bad sin that is worthy of infinite punishment.

First, only eternal punishment will suffice for sins again the eternal God. Second, No sin can be tolerated as long as God exists, and God is eternal. Third, Sin against an infinite God is an infinitely bad sin that is worthy of infinite punishment.


Temporal Sins?


Temporal Sins? First, only eternal punishment will suffice for sins again the eternal God. Second, No sin can be tolerated as long as God exists, and God is eternal. Third, Sin against an infinite God is an infinitely bad sin that is worthy of infinite punishment.

Finally, without an eternal separation of evil in hell, there could be no heaven. Evil is contagious (1 Cor. 5:6).

First, only eternal punishment will suffice for sins again the eternal God. Second, No sin can be tolerated as long as God exists, and God is eternal. Third, Sin against an infinite God is an infinitely bad sin that is worthy of infinite punishment.

Finally, without an eternal separation of evil in hell, there could be no heaven. Evil is contagious (1 Cor. 5:6).


Temporal Sins?


Temporal Sins? To rob persons of their freedom and dignity by forcing them into Heaven against their free choice would be "Hell.”

To rob persons of their freedom and dignity by forcing them into Heaven against their free choice would be "Hell.”


Temporal Sins?


Temporal Sins? To rob persons of their freedom and dignity by forcing them into Heaven against their free choice would be "Hell.” As Lewis aptly expressed it,“‘But you now see that the Irresistible and the Indisputable are the two weapons which the very nature of His scheme forbids Him to use. Merely to over-ride a human will…would be for Him useless. He cannot ravish. He can only woo” (Lewis The Problem of Pain, 106, 107).

To rob persons of their freedom and dignity by forcing them into Heaven against their free choice would be "Hell.” As Lewis aptly expressed it,“‘But you now see that the Irresistible and the Indisputable are the two weapons which the very nature of His scheme forbids Him to use. Merely to over-ride a human will…would be for Him useless. He cannot ravish. He can only woo” (Lewis The Problem of Pain, 106, 107).

E. How Can We be Happy in Heaven Knowing a Loved

One is in Hell?


One is in Hell? First, it wrongly supposes that we are more merciful than God! Second, God is perfectly happy in Heaven, and He knows that not everyone will be there.

Third,Third, Hell cannot veto Heaven! The unhappy cannot rob the The unhappy cannot rob the happy ofhappy of their happiness. their happiness.

Those who refuse the Bread of Those who refuse the Bread of Life cannot veto those who desire Life cannot veto those who desire to eat.to eat.

First, it wrongly supposes that we are more merciful than God! Second, God is perfectly happy in Heaven, and He knows that not everyone will be there.

Third,Third, Hell cannot veto Heaven! The unhappy cannot rob the The unhappy cannot rob the happy ofhappy of their happiness. their happiness.

Those who refuse the Bread of Those who refuse the Bread of Life cannot veto those who desire Life cannot veto those who desire to eat.to eat.


One is in Hell?


One is in Hell?As C. S. Lewis said, “The demand of the loveless and the self-imprisoned that they should be allowed to blackmail the universe: that till they consent to be happy (on their own terms) no one else shall taste joy: that theirs should be the final power; that Hell should be able to veto Heaven” is invalid (Lewis, GD, 124).

As C. S. Lewis said, “The demand of the loveless and the self-imprisoned that they should be allowed to blackmail the universe: that till they consent to be happy (on their own terms) no one else shall taste joy: that theirs should be the final power; that Hell should be able to veto Heaven” is invalid (Lewis, GD, 124).

F. Why Did God Create People F. Why Did God Create People He Knew Would Go to Hell?He Knew Would Go to Hell?

F. Why Did God Create People F. Why Did God Create People He Knew Would Go to Hell?He Knew Would Go to Hell?

First,First, Non-existence cannot be said to be better than existence since it is nothing. Second, simply because not all will win in the game of life does not mean it should not be played. Finally, “If a game is played, it must be possible to lose it” (Lewis, Problem of Pain, 106).

First,First, Non-existence cannot be said to be better than existence since it is nothing. Second, simply because not all will win in the game of life does not mean it should not be played. Finally, “If a game is played, it must be possible to lose it” (Lewis, Problem of Pain, 106).

G. Why is there a Hell if it G. Why is there a Hell if it Has Has No ultimate No ultimate Value?Value? Hell does have ultimate Hell does have ultimate value:value:

G. Why is there a Hell if it G. Why is there a Hell if it Has Has No ultimate No ultimate Value?Value? Hell does have ultimate Hell does have ultimate value:value: First, HFirst, Hell satisfies God's

justice by punishing evil““Surely the wrath of man shall Surely the wrath of man shall praise You” praise You” (Psalm 76:10).(Psalm 76:10). Second, HHeaven magnifies God’s mercy in saving us from Hell. Third, Hell has the enduring Third, Hell has the enduring value of demonstrating that evil is value of demonstrating that evil is forever defeated.forever defeated.

Fourth, it respects the freedom Fourth, it respects the freedom of aof a

beings made in God’s image.beings made in God’s image.

First, HFirst, Hell satisfies God's justice by punishing evil““Surely the wrath of man shall Surely the wrath of man shall praise You” praise You” (Psalm 76:10).(Psalm 76:10). Second, HHeaven magnifies God’s mercy in saving us from Hell. Third, Hell has the enduring Third, Hell has the enduring value of demonstrating that evil is value of demonstrating that evil is forever defeated.forever defeated.

Fourth, it respects the freedom Fourth, it respects the freedom of aof a

beings made in God’s image.beings made in God’s image.

H. Is It Just to Send People to H. Is It Just to Send People to Hell Hell Who Can’t Help Being Who Can’t Help Being

Sinners?Sinners?


Sinners?Sinners? First of all, people go to Hell for two reasons: 1) They are born with a bend to sin. 2) They choose to sin. They are: (a) born on a road that leads to hell, but (b) they also fail to heed the warning signs along the way to avoid it (Luke 13:3; 2 Pet. 3:9).

First of all, people go to Hell for two reasons: 1) They are born with a bend to sin. 2) They choose to sin. They are: (a) born on a road that leads to hell, but (b) they also fail to heed the warning signs along the way to avoid it (Luke 13:3; 2 Pet. 3:9).


Sinners?Sinners?


Sinners?Sinners?

Second,Second, t their sin nature does not force them to sin; it only inclines them to to sin. They choose to sin. As St. Augustine correctly said, "We are born with the propensity to sin and the necessity to die."

We were not born with the We were not born with the necessitynecessity to sin. All sin can be to sin. All sin can be resisted by God’s grace resisted by God’s grace (1Cor. (1Cor. 10:13).10:13).

Second,Second, t their sin nature does not force them to sin; it only inclines them to to sin. They choose to sin. As St. Augustine correctly said, "We are born with the propensity to sin and the necessity to die."

We were not born with the We were not born with the necessitynecessity to sin. All sin can be to sin. All sin can be resisted by God’s grace resisted by God’s grace (1Cor. (1Cor. 10:13).10:13).

I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners Instead of Tormenting Them?Instead of Tormenting Them?

I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners Instead of Tormenting Them?Instead of Tormenting Them?

First, it is precisely because we are not animals that God does not treat us like animals.

First, it is precisely because we are not animals that God does not treat us like animals.

I.I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners Why Not Annihilate Sinners Instead of Tormenting Them? Instead of Tormenting Them?

(We shoot animals trapped (We shoot animals trapped in burning buildingss)in burning buildingss)

I.I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners Why Not Annihilate Sinners Instead of Tormenting Them? Instead of Tormenting Them?

(We shoot animals trapped (We shoot animals trapped in burning buildingss)in burning buildingss)

First, it is precisely because we are not animals that God does not treat us like animals. Second, to annihilate those who do not do His will would be as unkind as a father who shot his son because he chose not to do his will.

First, it is precisely because we are not animals that God does not treat us like animals. Second, to annihilate those who do not do His will would be as unkind as a father who shot his son because he chose not to do his will.

I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners instead of Tormenting Them?instead of Tormenting Them?

I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners I. Why Not Annihilate Sinners instead of Tormenting Them?instead of Tormenting Them?

First, it is precisely because we are not animals that God does not treat us like animals. Second, to annihilate those who do not do His will would be as unkind as a father who shots his son because he chose not to do his will. Third, to annihilate those made in His image would be to attack Himself.

First, it is precisely because we are not animals that God does not treat us like animals. Second, to annihilate those who do not do His will would be as unkind as a father who shots his son because he chose not to do his will. Third, to annihilate those made in His image would be to attack Himself.

J. Isn’t It Cruel to Torment J. Isn’t It Cruel to Torment People—forever?People—forever?

J. Isn’t It Cruel to Torment J. Isn’t It Cruel to Torment People—forever?People—forever?

First, the Bible never calls hell First, the Bible never calls hell torture.torture.

Second, torture is unjustly Second, torture is unjustly inflicted on someone against inflicted on someone against their will.their will.

Third, torment (the biblical Third, torment (the biblical word) is something brought on word) is something brought on one justly by his own will.one justly by his own will.

First, the Bible never calls hell First, the Bible never calls hell torture.torture.

Second, torture is unjustly Second, torture is unjustly inflicted on someone against inflicted on someone against their will.their will.

Third, torment (the biblical Third, torment (the biblical word) is something brought on word) is something brought on one justly by his own will.one justly by his own will.

K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to the K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to the Goodness and Mercy of God?Goodness and Mercy of God?K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to the K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to the

Goodness and Mercy of God?Goodness and Mercy of God?

First of all, supposing God's mercy does not permit suffering is contrary to fact. God allows plenty of suffering in this world.

First of all, supposing God's mercy does not permit suffering is contrary to fact. God allows plenty of suffering in this world.

K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to Goodness and Mercy of God?Goodness and Mercy of God?

K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to Goodness and Mercy of God?Goodness and Mercy of God?

First of all, supposing God's mercy does not permit suffering is contrary to fact. God allows plenty of suffering in this world. Further, God's mercy is not a passion or emotion that negates His justice.

First of all, supposing God's mercy does not permit suffering is contrary to fact. God allows plenty of suffering in this world. Further, God's mercy is not a passion or emotion that negates His justice.

K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to the K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to the Goodness and Mercy of God?Goodness and Mercy of God?K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to the K. Isn’t Hell Contrary to the

Goodness and Mercy of God?Goodness and Mercy of God?

First, God's mercy is not a passion or emotion that negates His justice. SecondSecond, supposing God's mercy does not permit suffering is contrary to fact. God allows plenty of suffering in this world. Finally, in heaven our attitudes and feelings will be transformed and correspond more perfectly to God's.

First, God's mercy is not a passion or emotion that negates His justice. SecondSecond, supposing God's mercy does not permit suffering is contrary to fact. God allows plenty of suffering in this world. Finally, in heaven our attitudes and feelings will be transformed and correspond more perfectly to God's.

John Stewart Mill (1806-1873)

John Stewart Mill (1806-1873) “ “I will call no being I will call no being

good, who is not what I good, who is not what I mean when I apply that mean when I apply that epithet to my fellow-epithet to my fellow-creatures; and creatures; and if such a if such a being can sentence me being can sentence me to hell for not calling him to hell for not calling him so, then to hell I will so, then to hell I will go.”go.”

Oops!!!Oops!!!

“ “I will call no being I will call no being good, who is not what I good, who is not what I mean when I apply that mean when I apply that epithet to my fellow-epithet to my fellow-creatures; and creatures; and if such a if such a being can sentence me being can sentence me to hell for not calling him to hell for not calling him so, then to hell I will so, then to hell I will go.”go.”

Oops!!!Oops!!!

L. If God Wants All to be L. If God Wants All to be Saved, Why Doesn’t He Save Saved, Why Doesn’t He Save

All?All?


All?All?The Bible says, “God is not willing that

any should perish…” (2Peter 3:9) and He “desires all men to be saved” (1Tim. 2:4).

The Bible says, “God is not willing that any should perish…” (2Peter 3:9) and He “desires all men to be saved” (1Tim. 2:4).


All?All?


All?All?The Bible says, “God is not willing that any

should perish…” (2Peter 3:9) and He “desires all men to be saved” (1Tim. 2:4).

Answer: Because some things are impossible for God to do:

1. God can’t change (Mal. 3:6).2. God can’t lie (Heb. 6:18).3. And God can’t force us to freely love

Him (Mt. 23:37).

The Bible says, “God is not willing that any should perish…” (2Peter 3:9) and He “desires all men to be saved” (1Tim. 2:4).

Answer: Because some things are impossible for God to do:

1. God can’t change (Mal. 3:6).2. God can’t lie (Heb. 6:18).3. And God can’t force us to freely love

Him (Mt. 23:37).

M. If Hell is What One Chooses, What M. If Hell is What One Chooses, What About Those Who Don’t Want to About Those Who Don’t Want to

be There?be There?

M. If Hell is What One Chooses, What M. If Hell is What One Chooses, What About Those Who Don’t Want to About Those Who Don’t Want to

be There?be There? First of all, everyone in Hell willed

to be there, even if they don’t want to be there (cf. drug addicts).

First of all, everyone in Hell willed to be there, even if they don’t want to be there (cf. drug addicts).

M. If Hell is What One Chooses, M. If Hell is What One Chooses, What About Those Who Don’t Want What About Those Who Don’t Want

to be There?to be There?

M. If Hell is What One Chooses, M. If Hell is What One Chooses, What About Those Who Don’t Want What About Those Who Don’t Want

to be There?to be There? First of all, everyone in Hell willed

to be there, even if they don’t want to be there (cf. drug addicts).

Second, the door of Hell is locked on the inside (by our free choice).

First of all, everyone in Hell willed to be there, even if they don’t want to be there (cf. drug addicts).

Second, the door of Hell is locked on the inside (by our free choice).

M. If Hell is What One M. If Hell is What One Chooses, Chooses, What About Those What About Those

Who Don’t Want to be There?Who Don’t Want to be There?

M. If Hell is What One M. If Hell is What One Chooses, Chooses, What About Those What About Those

Who Don’t Want to be There?Who Don’t Want to be There? First of all, everyone in Hell willed to be

there, even if they don’t want to be there (cf. Drug addicts).

Second, the door of Hell is locked on the inside.

Lewis said,“I willingly believe that the damned are, in one sense, successful, rebels to the end; that the doors of hell are locked on the inside….” (Lewis, Problem of Pain, 115)

First of all, everyone in Hell willed to be there, even if they don’t want to be there (cf. Drug addicts).

Second, the door of Hell is locked on the inside.

Lewis said,“I willingly believe that the damned are, in one sense, successful, rebels to the end; that the doors of hell are locked on the inside….” (Lewis, Problem of Pain, 115)

M. If Hell is What One M. If Hell is What One Chooses, Chooses, What About Those What About Those Who Don’t Want to be There? Who Don’t Want to be There?

(cont.)(cont.)

M. If Hell is What One M. If Hell is What One Chooses, Chooses, What About Those What About Those Who Don’t Want to be There? Who Don’t Want to be There?

(cont.)(cont.)Third, "There are only two kinds of

people in the end: those who say to God, 'Thy will be done,' and those to whom God says, in the end, 'Thy will be done.' All that are in Hell, choose it.” (Lewis,The Great Divorce, 69)

Third, "There are only two kinds of people in the end: those who say to God, 'Thy will be done,' and those to whom God says, in the end, 'Thy will be done.' All that are in Hell, choose it.” (Lewis,The Great Divorce, 69)

N. What About Those Who Have Never Heard?


1. Everyone has General Revelation in 1. Everyone has General Revelation in Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).

“ “For what can be For what can be known about God known about God is is plain to themplain to them, because , because God has shown God has shown it to them.it to them. For his invisible attributes, For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine namely, his eternal power and divine nature, nature, have been clearly perceivedhave been clearly perceived, , ever since the creation of the world, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. in the things that have been made. So So they are without excuse.”they are without excuse.”



1. Everyone has General Revelation in Nature 1. Everyone has General Revelation in Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).(Rom. 1:19-20).

2. Everyone has general Revelation in their 2. Everyone has general Revelation in their heart (Rom. 2:12-15).heart (Rom. 2:12-15).

“ “For For all who have sinned all who have sinned without the law without the law will also perish without the lawwill also perish without the law, and all , and all who have sinned under the law will be who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law…. For when Gentiles, judged by the law…. For when Gentiles, who do not have the law, who do not have the law, by natureby nature do do what the law requires, they are a law to what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have themselves, even though they do not have the law. They show that the work of the the law. They show that the work of the law is law is written on their hearts….”written on their hearts….”



1.1. Everyone has General Everyone has General Revelation in Nature (Rom. Revelation in Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).1:19-20).

2.2. Everyone has general Everyone has general Revelation in their heart (Rom. Revelation in their heart (Rom. 2:12-15).2:12-15).

3.3. No One can be Saved Apart No One can be Saved Apart from the knowledge of Christ.from the knowledge of Christ.

3. No One can be Saved Apart 3. No One can be Saved Apart from the knowledge of from the knowledge of

Christ.Christ.John 14:6: “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No John 14:6: “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except by me.”one comes to the Father except by me.”

John 10:1, 9; “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who does John 10:1, 9; “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who does not enter by the door… he is a thief and a robber…. I not enter by the door… he is a thief and a robber…. I am the door, if anyone enters through me, he shall am the door, if anyone enters through me, he shall be saved….”be saved….”

John 3:18: “He who does not believe has been judged John 3:18: “He who does not believe has been judged already, because he has not believed in the name of already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.” the only begotten Son of God.”

John 8:24: “Unless you believe that I am He, you will John 8:24: “Unless you believe that I am He, you will die in your sins.”die in your sins.”

Acts 4:12: “Neither is there salvation in any other, for Acts 4:12: “Neither is there salvation in any other, for there is no other name under heaven, given among there is no other name under heaven, given among men, whereby we must be saved.”men, whereby we must be saved.”

1 Tim. 2:5: “For there is one God and one mediator 1 Tim. 2:5: “For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.”between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.”



1.1. Everyone has General Revelation Everyone has General Revelation in Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).in Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).

2.2. Everyone has general Revelation Everyone has general Revelation in their heart (Rom. 2:12-15).in their heart (Rom. 2:12-15).

3.3. No One can be Saved Apart from No One can be Saved Apart from Christ.Christ.

4.4. Everyone Who Seeks God, finds Everyone Who Seeks God, finds God.God.

4. Everyone Who Seeks 4. Everyone Who Seeks God, finds God.God, finds God.

Acts 17:26-28: Acts 17:26-28: ””He made from one man He made from one man every nation of mankind to live every nation of mankind to live on all the on all the face of the earth…face of the earth…that they should seek that they should seek God, in the hope that God, in the hope that they might feel they might feel their way toward him and find him. their way toward him and find him. Yet he Yet he is actually not far from each one of us, for is actually not far from each one of us, for ‘In him we live and move and have our ‘In him we live and move and have our being.’”being.’”

Heb. 11:6: “Whoever draws near to God Heb. 11:6: “Whoever draws near to God must believe that He exists and that he must believe that He exists and that he rewards those who seek Him.”rewards those who seek Him.”

Jer. 29:13: “You will seek me and find me, Jer. 29:13: “You will seek me and find me, when you seek me with all your heart.”when you seek me with all your heart.”



1.1. Everyone has General Revelation in Everyone has General Revelation in Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).

2.2. Everyone has General Revelation in Everyone has General Revelation in their heart (Rom. 2:12-15).their heart (Rom. 2:12-15).

3.3. No One can be saved apart from the No One can be saved apart from the knowledge of Christ.knowledge of Christ.

4.4. Everyone who seeks God, finds God.Everyone who seeks God, finds God.

5.5. God has many ways to get the God has many ways to get the message of salvation to those who message of salvation to those who seek Him.seek Him.

5. God has many ways to get the 5. God has many ways to get the message of salvation to those message of salvation to those who seek Him.who seek Him.

1. Through preaching (Rom. 10:14-17)1. Through preaching (Rom. 10:14-17)

2. Through the Bible (Psa. 119:130; Heb. 2. Through the Bible (Psa. 119:130; Heb. 4:12) 4:12)

3. Through angels (Rev. 14:6)3. Through angels (Rev. 14:6)

4. Through Visions (Dan. 4:5, 35)4. Through Visions (Dan. 4:5, 35)

5. Through dreams (Dan. 2, 7)5. Through dreams (Dan. 2, 7)

6. Through an audible voice (Acts 9)6. Through an audible voice (Acts 9)

7. Through an inner voice (Hosea 1:1, 7. Through an inner voice (Hosea 1:1, etc.)etc.)



1.1. Everyone has General Revelation in Everyone has General Revelation in Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).Nature (Rom. 1:19-20).

2.2. Everyone has General Revelation in Everyone has General Revelation in their heart (Rom. 2:12-15).their heart (Rom. 2:12-15).

3.3. No One can be saved apart from the No One can be saved apart from the knowledge of Christ.knowledge of Christ.

4.4. Everyone who seeks God, finds God.Everyone who seeks God, finds God.5.5. God has many ways to get the message God has many ways to get the message

to those who seek Him.to those who seek Him.6.6. Those who don’t seek more light will be Those who don’t seek more light will be

judged by the light they have.judged by the light they have.

6. Those who don’t seek 6. Those who don’t seek more light will be judges more light will be judges by the light they have.by the light they have.

Rom. 1:20: “So, they are without Rom. 1:20: “So, they are without excuse.”excuse.”

Rom. 2:12: “All who have sinned Rom. 2:12: “All who have sinned without the Law will also perish without the Law will also perish without the Law.”without the Law.”

John 3:19: “And this is the judgment, John 3:19: “And this is the judgment, that light has come into the world, that light has come into the world, and men loved darkness more than and men loved darkness more than light because their deeds are evil.”light because their deeds are evil.”

Why People Go to HellWhy People Go to HellWhy People Go to HellWhy People Go to Hell

First, “Milton was right…. The choice of every lost soul can be expressed in the words 'Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.’” (Lewis,The Great Divorce, 66)

First, “Milton was right…. The choice of every lost soul can be expressed in the words 'Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.’” (Lewis,The Great Divorce, 66)

Why People go to HellWhy People go to HellWhy People go to HellWhy People go to HellSecond,Second, t they want heaven, but they do

not will the conditions for getting there.

Lewis was right: “I do not mean that the ghosts may not wish to come out of hell…: but they certainly do not will even the first preliminary stages of that self-abandonment through which alone the soul can reach any good.“ (Lewis, Problem of Pain, 115)

Second,Second, t they want heaven, but they do not will the conditions for getting there.

Lewis was right: “I do not mean that the ghosts may not wish to come out of hell…: but they certainly do not will even the first preliminary stages of that self-abandonment through which alone the soul can reach any good.“ (Lewis, Problem of Pain, 115)

Why People go to Why People go to HellHell

Why People go to Why People go to HellHell

• There are only two places: heaven or hell.There are only two places: heaven or hell.• We are going to be in one or the other forever.We are going to be in one or the other forever.• If you do not chose heaven, then you have If you do not chose heaven, then you have

thereby chosen hell.thereby chosen hell.• WantingWanting to go to heaven is not enough. to go to heaven is not enough.• You must You must will will the condition--trust in Christ the condition--trust in Christ

as your Savior (Jn. 14:6; 1Tim. 2:5; Acts 4:12).as your Savior (Jn. 14:6; 1Tim. 2:5; Acts 4:12).• So, all who do not trust Christ will go to hell (Jn. So, all who do not trust Christ will go to hell (Jn.

3:18, 36; 8:24).3:18, 36; 8:24).

•What is Your choice?What is Your choice?

• There are only two places: heaven or hell.There are only two places: heaven or hell.• We are going to be in one or the other forever.We are going to be in one or the other forever.• If you do not chose heaven, then you have If you do not chose heaven, then you have

thereby chosen hell.thereby chosen hell.• WantingWanting to go to heaven is not enough. to go to heaven is not enough.• You must You must will will the condition--trust in Christ the condition--trust in Christ

as your Savior (Jn. 14:6; 1Tim. 2:5; Acts 4:12).as your Savior (Jn. 14:6; 1Tim. 2:5; Acts 4:12).• So, all who do not trust Christ will go to hell (Jn. So, all who do not trust Christ will go to hell (Jn.

3:18, 36; 8:24).3:18, 36; 8:24).

•What is Your choice?What is Your choice?

Hell: THE FINAL Destiny OF THE LOST Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2009.

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Transcript of Hell: THE FINAL Destiny OF THE LOST Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2009.