Helath Promotion - PH2.Vr2
Transcript of Helath Promotion - PH2.Vr2
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Developing a HealthPromotion Programdr. Harun Al Rasyid, MPH
PH22011
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Objectives2
Students are able to Determine health issue Determine target group
Ma!e appropriate program goal andobjectives
Select appropriate method o" healthpromotion program
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#hat $e havelearned lastsemester%
3
De&nition o"health promotion
'ehavioraltheories used inhealth promotion
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Health Promotion
health education - behavioural
- structural(((((((((((((((((((((((((
organisationalactions
-------------------------economicactions
-------------------------political actions
)ncluding advocacy
attitudinalbehavioural
environmentaland
socialchanges
conducive
to health
ImprovedHealthstatus
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Developing Health PromotionProgram
9/9/15
5
Planning
Planning
Methods
Methods
Evaluation
Evaluation
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Planning A Health PromotionProgram
#hat do you $ant to achieve* #hy do you $ant to achieve
it* Ho$ $ill you achieve it* #ho is the program aimed at* Ho$ $ill it happen*
#here $ill it happen* #hen $ill it happen, or $hen $ill
it stop* Ho$ $ill you !no$ i" you
achieved $hat you $anted*
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#hy develop a plan*
+o ensure the program is appropriate tothe health problem identi&ed target group
available resources+o apply accepted theory and eperience+o maimise the opportunity "or
achieving the desired change
+o enable the program to beimplemented by others+o enable the program to be evaluated
and possibly duplicated
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#hy Might Health PromotionPrograms -ail*
)nadeuate needs assessment )nadeuate planning )nadeuate applied research /nderestimation o" di0usion
and adoption barriers
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Planning 1uestions
2. Ho$ serious is the health issue,concern or problem*
3. #hich behavioural andenvironmental ris! "actor areinvolved*
4. #hat contributes to those ris!
"actors*5. #hich combination o"
interventions might changethese "actors
6. Ho$ can these interventions be
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7valuation uestions
2. Has the implementation carriedout as intended*
3. Have the interventions been
eecuted as planned*4. Have the causes o" behavioural
or environmental ris!s
changed*5. Has the ris! itsel" changed*
6. Has the problem lessened*
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Planning A Health PromotionProgram
Determine the health issue 'uilding a rationale 8eeds assessment
Determine the target group High ris! group Primary, secondary, tertiary target group
Determine goal and objectives Determine the methods and
strategies
Evaluation planning
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Needs ssessment
Should provide ans$ers "or the"ollo$ing uestions
#hat does the communityR7A99: need* #hat are the most relevant
issues*
)s the need "or directional changeindicated*
Ho$ much time, money, andother resources reuired*
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Steps in needs assessmentPart one
Identi!"ing the healthproblem ;onsultation Data collection and
preliminary revie$ o"
literature )nterim presentation o"
&ndings to sta!eholders ;ollaboratively determine
priorities
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Steps in needsassessment Part t#o
nal"sis o! the healthproblem
More speci&c literaturerevie$ Describe target group 7ploring the health problem
Analy
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De&ning +arget=roup
+he nature o" the target group $illin>uence the style o" the plannedintervention
)nclude demographic characteristics,
such as age, se, ethnic composition May be appropriate to include other
"actors, eg education, employmentpro&les, area o" residence
:ou may need to re(de&ne your targetgroup as you progress through theplanning stage and be"ore &nali
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nal"sis o! the !actorscontributing to the healthproblem
$is% mar%ers "actors that identi"y $here theproblem is occurring
$is% &actors account "or $hy the problem is
occurring 'ontributing $is% &actors contribute to,
or account "or the ris! "actor predisposing predispose a person into
behaving in a certain $ay @!no$ledge, attitudes
and belie"s enabling enable a behaviour, or situation to
occur @usually "ocus on s!ills rein!orcing re$ard o" punish the carrying out
o" a behaviour or the maintenance o" the
situation
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D7+7RM)8)8==OA9S
#hat do "ou ultimatel"#ant to achieve #ith
the program corresponds to healthproblem
/sually a health indicator ?diagnosis, but may be a
behaviour or environmentalconcern i" that is de&ned asthe health issue
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D7+7RM)8)8=
O'B7;+)C7S
the changes to be
brought about b"the target group corresponds to ris%
!actor =enerally a
behavioural?
environmental "ocus
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D7+7RM)8)8=
S/'(O'B7;+)C7S#hat has to happento achieve an
objective corresponds to
contributing ris% !actor (s!ills, !no$ledge,
a$areness etc generally only separated
out "rom general objectives"or large projects or $herehelp"ul
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=OA9
corresponds to
Health Proble
O'B7;+)C7 Ris! -actor
/'(O'B7;+)C7 ;ontributing Ris!
-actor
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7ample
E(cessive e(posure o" schoolchildren to ultraviolet light
)o reduce e(posure o! schoolchildren to ultraviolet light
Health Problem *oal
$is% &actor +bjective
;hildren do not$ear hats
+o increase theproportion o"children $ho $ear
hats
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7ample
;hildren do not li!e$earing hats@predisposing
Hats are not suppliedby the school
@enabling Hats are not a
compulsory part o"uni"orm @rein"orcing
)o increase theproportion o!
children #ho li%e#earing hats
)o ma%e hats !ree!or school children
)o ma%e #earinghats compulsor"!or school children
'ontributing $is%&actor
,ub-+bjective
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7ample 3
E(cessive e(posure o" schoolchildren to ultraviolet light
)o reduce e(posure o! schoolchildren to ultraviolet light
Health Problem *oal
$is% &actor +bjective
8ot enough shadein schoolplaygrounds
+o increase theamount o" shadein school
playgrounds
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7ample
Parents and teachersnot suciently a$areo" ris! o" sun
eposure@predisposing
)nsucient "unds to
build shelters@enabling
7ducationDepartment has no
policy on shade areas@rein"orcing
)o increaseteachers andparents%no#ledge o! ris%o! sun e(posure
)o ac.uire $p /million !or shade
shelter )o have shade
protectionincorporated into
Education
'ontributing $is%&actor
,ub-+bjective
i i d
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#riting =OA9 andO'B7;+)C7S
Should be ,M$) ,peci&c Measurable chievable $elevant )ime Speci&c
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7ample
/ntu! mening!at!an proporsi ana!se!olah sebesar 5EF yang su!amema!ai topi sampai a!hir Banuari
3EEG /ntu! mening!at!an ting!at
pengetahuan para guru dan orang
tua sebesar 36F tentang resi!opaparan sinar matahari sampai a!hirprogram
H7A9+H PROMO+)O8
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H7A9+H PROMO+)O8M7+HODS
'hoice o! Methods -our "actors determine the choice
o" methods +ime Audience 7nvironment Outcome
-O;/S O8 +H7
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-O;/S O8 +H7INDI0ID12 Patient Education
Hospital inpatient program =eneral health education materials
7ducation "or speci&c ailments @e.g. Diabetes,asthma, etc.
Outpatient settings
'ounseling3 brie! interventions3 and
motivational intervie#ing Programmed learning3 sel!-help
materials3 and the internet
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-O;/S O8 *$+1P
=roup Methods Didactic approach
+he goal is transmission o" !no$ledge or in"ormation
Directed at group o" individuals to bring aboutindividual behaviour change
7amples lectures, seminar
E(periential group learning 'est per"ormed $hen the behavioural outcome
reuired is a comple one and reuires detaileddevelopment o" components that have beenidenti&ed in H'M @intentions, attitudes, barriers, andbelie"s
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-O;/S O8 *$+1P
Didacticgroupmethod
Description
9ecture (discussion
'est "or !no$ledge transmission or motivationin large groups. Reuires dynamic, e0ective
spea!er $ith more !no$ledge than theaudience
Seminar Smaller number @3(3E. 9eader(group"eedbac!. 9eader most !no$ledgeable in thegroup. 'est "or trainer learning.
;on"erence ;an combine lecture or seminar techniues.'est "or pro"essional development.
Cideocon"erencing
Opportunity "or group learning $ithpro"essionals, such as rural and remotedoctors, nurses, and so on.
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-O;/S O8 *$+1P
7periential groupmethod
Description
S!ills training Reuires motivated individuals. )ncludeseplanation, demonstration and practice "or
eample relaation, childbirth, eercise'ehaviourmodi&cation
9earning and unlearning o" speci&c habits.Stimulus(response learning. =enerallybehaviour(speci&c "or eample smo!ingcessation, phobia desensitisation
)nuirylearning
/sed mainly in school settings. Reuires"ormulating and problem solving through groupcooperation
Peer groupdiscussion
/se"ul $here shared eperiences, support anda$areness are important. Participants
homogenous in at least one "actor "or eample
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-O;/S O8 *$+1P
7periential groupmethod
Description
Simulation /se"ul "or in>uencing attitudes in individuals$ith varying abilities. =enerally in school(
setting but relevant to tother group
Role(play Acting o" roles by group o" participants. ;an beuse"ul $here communication diculties eistbet$een individuals in a setting "or eample"amilies, pro"essional practice. Reuire s!illed
"acilitator.
Sel"(help Reuires motivation and independent attitude.Caluable "or ongoing peer support and valueclari&cation. ;an be therapy or a "orum "orsocial action.
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/S)8= +H7 M7D)A
Mass media methods Advertising Publicity
7dutainment ;ivic journalism #ebsites and
interactive in"ormationtechnology
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Mass media methods
Advertising the paid placement o" messages in
various media vehicles by anidenti&ed source.
Disadvantage ;ost I Advantagelarge eposure
Publicity +he unpaid placement o" messages
in the media, usually in ne$s orcurrent a0airs program, but also in
"eature article or documentaries
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7dutainment /se the combination o" education and
entertainment Deliberate inclusion o" socially
desirable messages in entertainmentvehicles, such as +C soap opera@sinetron.
;ivic journalism Attempts to build community
consensus and cooperation 7mphasi
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#ebsites and interactivein"ormation technology -or health promoters, the $eb
provides a relatively ecientand inepensive "orum "or thedissemination o" in"ormationand materials
Dietary habit uestionnaireonlineimmediate diagnosisand prognosis about dietarychanges
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;hoosing media methods
-actors =oals and objectives @outcomes ;ost
70ectiveness ;ompleity o" messages delivered +ime
Relationship $ith the media +ype o" media available
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A "rame$or! "or using media in socialmar!eting
dvertising
Publicit" Edutainment
4ebsites
'ivicjournalism
Objectives
Educate JJ JJ JJJJ JJJJJ JJJJMotivate JJJJ JJ JJJJ JJ JJJ
dvocate JJJ JJJ JJ JJ JJJJ
A summar o" media method
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A summary o" media method9imited reach media+ype ;haracteristics
Pamphlets )n"ormation transmission. 'est $here cognition ratherthan emotion is desired outcome.
)n"ormationsheets
1uic! convenient in"ormation. /se as series $ithstorage "older. 8ot "or comple behavior change.
8e$sletter ;ontinuity. Personali
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A summary o" media methodMass reach media
+ype ;haracteristics
+elevision A$areness, arousal, modeling, and image creationrole. May be increasingly use"ul in in"ormation ands!ills training as a$areness and interest in healthincreases.
Radio )n"ormative, interactive @tal!bac!. ;ost(e0ective anduse"ul in creating a$areness, providing in"ormation.
8e$spaper 9ong and short copy in"ormation. Material dependenton type o" paper and day o" $ee!.
Magauence. /se"ul as supportive
role and to in"orm and provide social proo".)nternet ;an serve $ide role "rom personal in"ormation
transmission ato group sessions to KbloggingL
; t " " l di
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;omponents o" success"ul mediacampaigns
;arry out in"ormative research
'ase the campaign on a model o"attitude(behaviour change
-ully understand the topic beingcommunicated
/se s!illed creative personnel
/nderstand the audience
; t " " l di
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;omponents o" success"ul mediacampaigns
+arget the message
+a!e account o" interpersonal and peerin>uences
Optimi
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;omponents o" success"ul mediacampaigns
Set realistic goals and a realistic durationo" the study
Provide environmental support "or
change 7nsure that input "rom a behavioral
scientist guides the communication
agency