Heino Eller - Sonata for Solo Piano No. 1
71
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I. Allegro assai II. Larghetto III. Scherzo. Presto IV. Finale. Allegro moderato “Bright composer’s talent, excellent musician, fresh ideas, interesting figures of rhythm. More independence in form could be recommended.” These are the words Alexander Glazunov told Heino Eller, newly graduated composer from St Petersburg Conservatory in 1920. It is a general knowledge that the Rector of the Conservatory Glazunov was extremely critical, at times even picky at exams. One of Eller’s works for graduation was Piano Sonata No 1. Piano sonata No 1 (1920) was one of Eller’s two graduation works in St Petersburg Conservatory. By the completion of the sonata Eller had already composed about 60 pieces for piano. The sonata with its duration of more than 30 minutes is the most extensive work for piano by Eller. According to the composer himself this sonata is “a whole big symphony”. By its themes and structure this work is close to the symphonic poem Voices of the Night that reflects impressions from a stormy night at the seaside near St Petersburg during the First World War. The texture of this piece is characterized by occasional redundancy. That was pretty common in Russian and German schools where the composer often were also good piano-players. Eller himself pointed out that the sonata has “too many notes”. The work is a real expression of Sturm und Drang, an overwhelming emotion and due to its technical complexity it has not found a place in the piano players’ repertoires. Heino Eller (1887–1970) is considered to be the founder of Estonian national school of composition and a symbol of national classics. Summarizing the result of his long life in plain numbers it looks quite awe inspiring: approximately 300 musical compositions and about 50 composers from among his students. Eller was born in Tartu, one of the oldest university towns in Europe and the cultural centre of Livonia. Here he received his first musical education and practical knowledge of violin playing. His youth from the age of 20 to 33 was spent in St Petersburg. He studied violin, thereafter suffering from bad arm took up law, was mobilized as musician to Tsar’s army during WW One, continued his studies even through difficult times of political turmoil and graduated as a composer from St Petersburg Conservatory 1920. Eller met his future wife pianist Anna Kremer with whom he stayed together until the tragic death of Anna Kremer in a German concentration camp in 1942. Eller had acquired profound experience in music during his St Petersburg period. He had listened to the conducting of Nikischi and Sibelius, the performances by Casals and Ysaÿe, the music by Wagner, Richard Strauss and Sibelius. He had been very fond of the works by Chopin, Grieg, Sibelius and Skryabin. This was the background that Eller brought back to Estonia, dedicating the last 50 years of his life to educating young composers first in Tartu Music High School and from 1940 until his death in Tallinn Conservatory. “Through him, as a personality of a different generation, we came into contact with the pre-revolutionary aristocracy and its cultural heritage. Soviet ideology was incapable of dimming his insight into human and cultural values. Thanks to his training in St Petersburg, with its centuries-old music tradition, he was able to establish totally new standards in small Estonia, thereby laying the cornerstone of professionalism in music,” gratefully writes Eller’s student Arvo Pärt in the booklet of CD Neenia. Besides Arvo Pärt also Eller’s other students Eduard Tubin, Villem Kapp, Jaan Rääts, Lepo Sumera possess strong individuality in their creation. Eller’s mostly instrumental output comprises 3 symphonies, several symphonic short pieces, a violin concerto, 5 string quartets, 4 piano sonatas, 2 violin sonatas,
Transcript of Heino Eller - Sonata for Solo Piano No. 1
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