Heifer Development Systems€¦ · Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14 2014 BIF Symposium,...
Transcript of Heifer Development Systems€¦ · Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14 2014 BIF Symposium,...
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 1
Heifer Development Systems
Rick Funston Reproductive Physiologist
UNL – Beef Research and Extension
GSL BBR
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ARDC
NEREC PHREC
WCREC Lincoln
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NCTA !
! Dalbey
BEEF SYSTEMS
RESEARCH
Reproduction is the single most important factor for profitable
beef production.
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 2
1. Cull daughters of “bad mark” cows 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Replacement Heifer Selection
Jim Gosey, 2005
1. Cows that need help calving 2. Cows that calve late (+42 days) 3. Cows that fail to wean a calf 4. Cows that have big teats/need help 5. Cows that wean a light wt. calf 6. Cows that have “attitude” problems * assume opens are culled
What are“Bad Mark”Cows* ?
Jim Gosey, 2005
1. Cull daughters of “bad mark” cows 2. Cull light wts., big birth wt & 6 frame 3. Cull youngest (born +45 d. calving ) 4. Select daughters of oldest cows 5. Optimum (not maximum) preg. rate 6. Pigmented eyes & udder 7. Form = depth rib, chest width, guts
Replacement Heifer Selection
Jim Gosey, 2005
Time of Calving Affects Heifer Progeny
Period of calving, 21 day periods
Heifer calves (n = 1019) 1st 2nd 3rd
Preweaning ADG, lb 1.83 1.83 1.90
Weaning weight, lb 483 470 434
Prebreeding ADG, lb .86 .90 .90
Prebreeding weight, lb 653 644 609
Cycling, % 70 58 39
Breeding ADG, lb 1.59 1.63 1.70
Pregnancy rate, % 90 86 78
Calved in 1st 21 d 81 69 65
Advantages of calving early as a heifer
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Perc
ent o
f hei
fers
rem
aini
ng in
the
herd
, %
Calving Season
1 to 21
22 to 42
43 and after
Cushman et al., 2013. JAS 91:4486
Advantages of calving early as a heifer
0
50
100
150
200
250
Calf 1 Calf 2 Calf 3 Calf 4 Calf 5 Calf 6 Calf 7 Calf 8 Calf 9
Aver
age
wea
ning
wei
ght,
kg
1 to 21 22 to 42 43 and after
* * * * * *
Cushman et al., 2013. JAS 91:4486
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 3
Feeding to a “Target Weight” % of Mature Wt @ breeding
Item 55% 65% Pre-breeding wt 600 683 Conception (21d) 30 62 August Pregnancy 63 90 October Pregnancy 50 87 Calving wt. 834 897 Calf birth wt. 71 73 Calving difficulty,% 46 36 Calf death loss,% 6 5
Target Weight Method
Heifer WW Days/wt gain Target BW Nov. 1 180 d May 1 500 lb 250 lb 750 lb Gain needed 1.40 lb
Effect of Time of Gain From Weaning to Breeding on Heifer
Performance
Per
cent
of T
arge
t Gai
n No difference in age at puberty, conception rate, or calf performance the next year. Clanton et al., 1983
EVENGAIN vs LATEGAIN, Age and Weight at Puberty, no effect, 12% less feed w/ LATEGAIN. Smith et al., 1995
Timing of Gain and Reproductive Performance
Item Even Gain Late Gain FSCR 56.4 71.1 Overall 87.5 87.5
Longevity and Heifer Development System
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2 3 4 5
% in
Her
d
Age
High Medium Low-High
Restriction Re-feeding
BCS 7 BCS 5
BCS 3
BCS 6 BCS 5
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 4
" 3-year study " MARC II heifers – 80 each year " Developed to either 53 or 58% of mature
weight " Placed with bulls May 20 – 45 d " Data collected through 4th pregnancy
diagnosis
What is the appropriate Target Weight??
What is the appropriate Target Weight??
% Mature Weight 53 58 Pregnancy Rate – 1st 92 88
-2nd 91 91 -3rd 94 92 -4th 96 96
What is the appropriate Target Weight??
% Mature Weight 50 55 Breeding Season 60 d 45 d Pregnancy Rate 87 90 Calve Date 3/15 3/9 Birth Weight 75 75 PG Wt. 2nd Calf 903 926 2nd Preg. Rate 91 92
(3 years - 261 head Creighton, et al. 2005)
Fertility at Puberty
Pregnancy % Estrus 1st 3rd Following Natural Service 57 78 Following d 7 ET 13 53
Estrous Synchronization with Natural Service for
Heifers
Day
Feed MGA (.5 mg/d)
0 14 33
$ 1.00
Synchronized heats
43
Subfertile Estrus
Turn in Bulls
27
Heifers developed to 50% mature weight
MGA No MGA April 24 577 577
Cycling, % 83 78 45 d preg, % 90 90
Wt. Preg check, lb
795 785
Calving Date 3/8/05 3/6/05
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 5
Heifer Development Systems Treatment, Exp. 1 Winter Range*
(WR) 138 d
Corn Residue*
(CR) 138 d
Supplement (S)
21 d x
No Supplement
(NS)
* A daily supplement offered (28 % CP; 62 % DDG, 11 % wheat midds, 2 % urea, 25 % other, 80 mg/d monensin; 0.45 kg/hd/d) x Supplement offered (28 % CP; 62 % DDG, 11 % wheat midds, 2 % urea, 25 % other, 240 mg/d monensin; 1.4 kg/hd/d)
Pasture *
48 d
Synchronization of Estrus in Cyclic Cows/heifers
$ 1.70
0 10 Day
PGF2a
5
Synchronized heats
Turn in Bulls
# Used with 32-day breeding season at Fort Keogh with the Season of Calving herds over the past 3 years and has consistently yielded pregnancy rates > 85%.
Increased Calf Weaning Age and Weight
with Estrous Synchronization
Schafer et al., 1990 CSU Beef Report. p. 115
13 days
41 lbs
Wea
ning
Age
/ W
eigh
t
Pregnancy Rate
No synchronization Synchronized
60 day breeding season
45 day breeding season
2075 521
Calf Production
Length of breeding season
60 days 45 days No Synch Synch
Calved in 1st 21 d, % 61 73 Calf birth date, Julian day
86 85
Calf birth BW, lb 84 81 Calf weaning BW, lb 483 503 Calf value, $/calf 870 905
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 6
Effect of Wintering System on BW before Breeding, Exp. 1
P < 0.001
WR CR
Effect of Wintering System on Puberty Status before Breeding,
Exp. 1 P < 0.001
WR CR
Effect of Treatment on ADG after Breeding, Exp. 1
0.56
2.13
1.34
0.37
1.87
1.49
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Winter Stalks-Bull Bull-PG
AD
G, l
b
WR CR
Effect of Treatment on BW
Effect of Treatment on Pregnancy Rate, Exp. 1
$762 $765
Treatment, Exp. 2 Dry Lot *
(DL) 193 d
Corn Residue x
(CR) 134 d
High Energy (H)
17 d
Low Energy (L)
17 d
* DM%; Brome hay (62%), corn silage (20%), DDG (13%), supplement (5%, 200 mg/d monensin)
x A daily supplement offered (28 % CP; 62 % DDG, 11 % wheat midds, 2 % urea, 25 % other, 80 mg/d monensin; 0.45 kg/hd/d) y DM%; brome hay (58%), corn silage (25%), DDG (12%), supplement (5%, 200 mg/d monensin)
High Energy 17 d
Low Energy 17 d
Dry Lot y 59 d
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 7
Effect of Wintering System on BW before Breeding, Exp. 2
740853
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
Wintering system
BW
, lb
P < 0.001
CR DL
Effect of Wintering System on Puberty Status before Breeding,
Exp. 2 P < 0.001
CR DL
Effect of Treatment on ADG after Breeding, Exp. 2
2014 Heifer Protocols-Fixed Time AI (TAI)
beefrepro.info
Effect of Treatment on BW at Pregnancy Diagnosis, Exp. 2
CR DL CR DL
Effect of Treatment on Pregnancy Rate, Exp. 2
CR DL CR DL DL
$894
$962
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 8
Heifer Development
$ Weight, lb 665 727 $ ADG Wean -> Pre .84 1.23 $ AI Pregnancy rate, % 86 58 $ WHY ? $ ADG Pre 1.4 2.14 $ ADG Post 1.27 .81
Development Stalks vs Dry Lot
0.9
2.18
1.49
1.18
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Winter Spri ng
Stalks Lot
Extensive heifer development systems
" Lower Development Costs $100 + " Selling open heifers was profitable " Determine adaptability early? o Short breeding season o Lighter breeding weights o Lighter mature weights? " Must continue to grow through
calving
A word of caution Later calving herds
Trt Weight Preg Hay 840 64 Meadow 768 53 H/NS 805 62.5 H/S 776 81 M/NS 732 56 M/S 748 82
Has Age of Puberty Changed?
beefrepro.info
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Rick Funston, University of Nebraska 6/19/14
2014 BIF Symposium, Lincoln, Neb. 9
beef.unl.edu