Hebron Asset Development Presentation Contentssbruneau/research/energy/hebron.pdf · Presentation...

North Atlantic Pipeline Partners, L.P. in cooperation with

Aker Maritime ASA and Peter Kiewit and Sons

Aug 2000 Presentation of:

Hebron Asset Development Conceptsfor

Chevron Canada Resources

Presentation Contents1 Introduction

Team Strengths, Objectives, Hebron Asset Challenges,Criteria for Concept Development

2 Development Concepts

3 GBS Design Details

4 Construction Schedules and Costs

5 Gas Hub Concept

6 Key Issues and GBS Advantages

7 Way Forward

Hebron Asset Development

Team Strengths


Experience in financing, constructing, owning andoperating offshore pipelines and platforms

World leaders in GBS engineering, construction andinstallation

World class in platform topsides engineering,construction and installation

Broad experience in lump sum EPCI deliveries

Local knowledge and Bull Arm construction and Unionexperience

ObjectivesToday:

To present a development concept which addresses the uniqueenvironmental and reservoir challenges of Hebron/Ben Nevis whilemaximizing commercial value and meeting the socio-economicexpectations of the region.

Short Term:

To provide a lump sum EPCI solution to construct GBS platforms forthe Hebron/Ben Nevis development.

Long Term:

To provide an opportunity for NAPP to establish a host facility for itsGrand Banks gas gathering and pipeline strategy.


NAPP’s Understanding of the HebronAsset Challenges• Significant portion of resource is heavy oil

• Flow assurance/well intervention

• High well counts

• Artificial lift requirement

• Icebergs, sea ice, wind, waves

• Achieving competitive capital costs

• Maximizing operating efficiencies


Criteria for Development Concepts

• At least two drill centres required to access reservoirs

• Fixed platform drilling required to minimize drilling cost and provide operational flexibility

• Accelerated drilling required to achieve acceptable production ramp up

• Provide oil storage capabilities

• Provide flexibility for future field and basin developments


- Development Concepts -

Hebron Asset Development Hebron Asset DevelopmentProduction, Storage and Drilling Arrangement Concepts

Concept 1: Production, storage anddrilling GBS at Hebron, similar at BenNevis with fewer slots and more risersfor gas hub function

Concept 2: Large Production, storageand drilling GBS at Hebron, small well-head and riser GBS gas hub at BenNevis

Concept 3: Small wellhead GBS atHebron, small wellhead and riser GBSgas hub at Ben Nevis, storage andproduction on FPSO

Ben NevisHebron

Ben NevisHebron

Hebron Ben Nevis

Hebron Asset DevelopmentProduction, Storage and Drilling Arrangement Concepts

Concept Location StructureProduction

FacilityDrilling

rigs QuartersStorage mmbo

Topside* weight t

Hebron GBS yes 2 yes 1.1 25000Ben Nevis GBS yes 1 or 2 yes 1.1 25000

Hebron GBS yes 2 yes 1.1 35000Ben Nevis GBS no 1 or 2 yes no 12000

Hebron GBS no 2 yes no 12000Ben Nevis GBS no 1 or 2 yes no 12000

Field centre FPSO yes - yes 0.8 - 0.9 n/a3

2

1

*Topside weight capability at towout

Concept 1 - Two GBSs with Oil Storage

Terra Nova

Springdale

Hebron In Field Lines

STL Tanker Offloading

Hebron GBSOil Platform50 slots, 2 rigs, 1.1 mmbo

Ben NevisGBS Hub30 slots, 1 or 2 rigs,

20+risers, 1.1 mmbo

View of the GBSPDQRS Hub


Oil lines tostorage

cells.

Oil pumpcasings

Water pumpcasings

Platformwells

Flowlinesto/from

satellites

Access toutility shaft

Conductorguides

Concept 1: Ben Nevis

PDQRS Hub 25kt

Vertical section ofconcrete structure


Concept 1:Ben Nevis

PDQRS Hub25kt

Horizontalsection ofconcretestructure


Concept 1:Ben Nevis

95m PDQRS 25kt,Shaft outfittingSection throughshaft

J-Tubes (typ) 23 off

Platform wells (typ)30off


Concept 1:Ben Nevis

Key figures concrete GBS 95m PDQRS HubHebron Asset Development

Tops ide weight at tow-to f ie ld and ins ta l la t ion 25 ,000 tonnesOil storage volume (avai lable net) 1.1 mi l l BBLSWater depth 95mWave load cr i ter ia , Wave height 100 year Associated wave per iod Horizontal force Over turn ing moment

30m16-19 seconds

1,035 MN28,500 MNm

Iceberg loading 10,000 year impact force on ice-wal l Over turn ing moment 10,000 year impact force on shaft

1,200 MN80,000 MNm

135 MNSoi l parameters : Assumed dense to medium dense sand poss ib lyover laying layer of over-consol idated clay.Concrete Grade (cube strength) Volume of structural concrete Volume of non-structural concrete (est imate only)

70MPa110,630 m

3

4 ,000m3

Reinforc ing steel Grade 500 (500 MPa yield strength) 29 ,100 tonnesPost- tens ion ing cab les Grade 270 (1670 MPa) 4,200 tonnesUnder-base grout ing (~0.5m thickness) 3 ,700m

3

Sol id bal last f i l led inshore ( iron ore, saturated densi ty 3.3t/m3) 38 ,200m

3

Base area ( diameter 102 m)Area of caisson (equiv. diameter 92 m)Height of caisson above sea-bedTotal height of concrete structure above seabed

8 ,171 m2

6 ,648 m2

68.0 m120. 0m

On-bot tom weight Maximum (no o i l in the s torage) Minimum ( o i l s torage ful l )

3,300 MN3,000 MN

Draft at tow-out from dry-dockDraft at tow to fieldDisplacement when tow to f ieldMetacentr ic height(GM) when tow to f ie ld

15m90-100 m

480,000 tonnes~2 m

Concept 1:Ben Nevis

95m PDQS 25kt,Shaft outfittingSection throughshaft



Concept 1:Hebron

Key figuresconcreteGBS 95m

PDQS Hub

Hebron Asset DevelopmentTopside weight at tow-to field and installation 25,000 tonnesOil storage volume (available net) 1.1 mil l BBLSWater depth 95mWave load criteria, Wave height 100 year Associated wave period Horizontal force Overturning moment

30m16-19 seconds

1 ,035 MN28,500 MNm

Iceberg loading 10,000 year impact force on ice-wall Overturning moment 10,000 year impact force on shaft

1 ,200 MN80,000 MNm

135 MNSoil parameters: Assumed dense to medium dense sand possiblyoverlaying layer of over-consolidated clay.Concrete Grade (cube strength) Volume of structural concrete Volume of non-structural concrete (estimate only)

70MPa110,630 m

3

4,000m3

Reinforcing steel Grade 500 (500 MPa yield strength) 29,100 tonnesPost-tensioning cables Grade 270 (1670 MPa) 4,200 tonnesUnder-base grouting (~0.5m thickness) 3,700m

3

Solid ballast fil led inshore (iron ore, saturated density 3.3t/m3) 38,200m

3

Base area ( diameter 102 m)Area of caisson (equiv. diameter 92 m)Height of caisson above sea-bedTotal height of concrete structure above seabed

8,171 m2

6,648 m2

68.0 m120. 0m

On-bottom weight Maximum (no oi l in the storage) Minimum ( oil storage full )

3 ,300 MN3,000 MN

Draft at tow-out from dry-dockDraft at tow to fieldDisplacement when tow to fieldMetacentric height(GM) when tow to field

15m90-100 m

480,000 tonnes~2 m

Concept 1:Hebron

Terra

Nov

a

Spr

ingd

ale

Hebron

In Field Lines

STL Tanker Offloading

Hebron GBSOil Platform50 slots, 2 rigs, 1.1 mmbo

Ben Nevis GBSWellhead Hub

30 slots, 1 rig, 34 risers, 23 J-tubes

Concept 2 - One Drilling, Production and Storage GBS andOne Smaller Drilling GBS

View ofconcrete

GBS

DQR Hub12Kt


Concept 2:Ben Nevis

DQR Hub12kt

Verticalsection ofconcretestructure


Concept 2:Ben Nevis

DQR Hub 12ktHorizontalsection ofconcretestructure


Concept 2:Ben Nevis

95m DQR 12kt,Shaft outfittingSection throughshaft




Concept 2:Ben Nevis

Key figuresconcrete GBS95m DQR Hub

scenario 2

Hebron Asset DevelopmentTopside weight at tow-to field and installation 12,000 tonnesOil storage volume (available net) N/AWater depth 95mWave load criteria, Wave height 100 year Associated wave period Horizontal force Overturning moment

30m16-19 seconds

735 MN21,000 MNm

Iceberg loading 10,000 year impact force on ice-wall 10,000 year overturning moment 10,000 year impact force on shaft

1,160 MN63,000 MNm


70MPa72,070 m3

4,000m3

Reinforcing steel Grade 500 (500 MPa yield strength) 19,000 tonnesPost-tensioning cables Grade 270 (1670 MPa) 2,660 tonnesUnder-base grouting (~0.5m thickness) 3,050m3

Solid ballast filled inshore (iron ore, saturated density 3.3t/m3) 26,060m3

Base area ( diameter 93 m)Area of caisson (equivalent diameter 78m)Height of caisson above sea-bedTotal height of concrete structure above seabed

6,793 m2

4,778 m2

58.0 m120. 0m

On-bottom weight 2,080 MNDraft at tow-out from dry-dockDraft at tow to fieldDisplacement when tow to fieldMetacentric height(GM) when tow to field

15m90-100 m

320,000 tonnes~2.5 m

Concept 2:Ben Nevis

95m PDQS 35kt,Shaft outfittingSection throughshaft



Concept 2:Hebron

Key FiguresConcrete GBS95m PDQSPlatform

Hebron Asset DevelopmentTopside weight at tow-to field and installation 35,000Oil storage volume (available net) 1,15 mill. BBLSWater depth 95mWave load criteria, Wave height 100 year Associated wave period Horizontal force Overturning moment

30m16-19 seconds

1,320 MN35,000 MNm

Iceberg loading 10,000 year impact force on ice-wall 10,000 year Overturning moment 10,000 year impact force on shaft

1,250 MN84,000 MNm


70MPa127,430 m3

5,000m3



Base area ( diameter 114m )Area of caisson (equivalent diameter 106.17m)Height of caisson above sea-bedTotal height of concrete structure above seabed

10,207 m2

8,853 m2

68.0 m120. 0m


15m90-100 m

635,000 tonnes~2-2.5 m

Concept 2:Hebron

Hebron In Field LinesHebron GBSWellhead Platform50 slots, 2 rigs

Ben Nevis GBSWellhead Hub30 slots, 1 rig, 34 risers, 23 J-Tubes

Concept 3 - Two Wellhead GBSs with FPSO

Hebron Asset FPSO

Offloading Tanker

View ofconcrete

GBS

DQ Hub12Kt


Concept 3:Hebron

95m DQ 12kt,Shaft outfittingSection throughshaft



Concept 3:Hebron

Key figures concreteGBS 95m DQ

Hebron Asset DevelopmentTopside weight at tow-to field and installation 12,000 tonnesOil storage volume (available net) N/AWater depth 95mWave load criteria, Wave height 100 year Associated wave period Horizontal force Overturning moment

30m16-19 seconds

735 MN21,000 MNm

Iceberg loading 10,000 year impact force on ice-wall 10,000 year overturning moment 10,000 year impact force on shaft

1,160 MN63,000 MNm


70MPa70,070 m3

1,000m3



Base area ( diameter 93 m)Area of caisson (equivalent diameter 78m)Height of caisson above sea-bedTotal height of concrete structure above seabed

6,793 m2

4,778 m2

58.0 m120. 0m


15m90-100 m

320,000 tonnes~2.5 m

Concept 3:Hebron

View ofconcrete GBS

DQR Hub12Kt


Concept 3:Ben Nevis

95m DQR 12kt,Shaft outfittingSection throughshaft




Concept 3:Ben Nevis - GBS Design Details -


Hebron/Ben Nevis GBSCompleted Design Activities• Iceberg load assessment• Environmental load analysis• Weight and stability analysis• Geotechnical stability evaluation• Finite element analysis (iceberg loads only)• Structural design checks to verify the dimensions

and assess reinforcement intensities


Global Loads on Hebron and Ben Nevis Structures with Annual Probability of 10-4.

PARAMETER HEBRON BEN NEVIS Base Load 1258 MN 1141 MN Shaft Load 135 MN 135 MN Roof Load 130 MN 100 MN Overturning Moment on base 84 GN?m 77 GN?m Torsional Moment on base 7 GN?m 4 GN?m

Parameters used in Hebron and Ben Nevis runs.

PARAMETER WHITEROSE VALUE

HEBRON VALUE BEN NEVIS VALUE

IBPerDegree 0.97 0.60 0.60 DraftMax 131 105 105 WaterDepth 121 95 95 uEffWidth 70.6 63.7 63.7 BaseDiameter 106 106 70 BaseDepth 20 24 24 Definitions: IBPerDegree: Iceberg aerial density (per degree). DraftMax: Draft cut -off for impacting icebergs (m). WaterDepth: Water depth (m). uEffWidth: Mean effective width of icebergs (m). BaseDiameter: Diameter of GBS base (m). BaseDepth: Depth below water to the top of the base (m).

IcebergLoads:Hebron GBS& Ben NevisGBS

Site conditions and ice loads basis• Ice load 10,000 year condition: Ben Nevis PDQRS (dia~92m) H=1200 MN M=80,000MNm Ben Nevis DQR (dia~78m) H=1160 MN M=63,000MNm Hebron PDQsS (dia 106m) H=1250MN M=84,000MNm• Environmental condition: 100 year wave, Hmax=30m, T=16-19 sec• Soil condition Assumed dense to medium dense sand


H

M

Hmax

Event Return period Obtained material coefficient

Required material coefficient

Ultimate Limit State Accidental Limit State

100 year 10 000 year

1.34 1.08

1.25 1.0

StructuralAnalysessummary

Diffraction wave load analysis (WADAM)

FEM analysis (SESAM)

Foundation stability (CAP)


- Construction Schedulesand Costs -

Hebron Asset Development Hebron Asset DevelopmentCombined Schedule Concept 1

ID Task Name Dur.1 Contract Award 0,67 days

2

3 CONCRETE GBS - 25.000 tons Topside 859,68 days

4 Engineering Prior to start Construction 180 edays

5 Procurement and Work Preparation 600 days

6 Detail Engineering 650 edays

7 Engineering Follow On 140 days

8 Site and Dry Dock Mobilization 83,33 days

9 DRY DOCK CONSTRUCTION PHASE 243,33 days

101 FLOOD DOCK, TOW TO DEEP WATER SITE 53,09 days

110 DEEP WATER SITE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 368,92 days

197 TEST RUN\DECK MATING\INSHORE HOOK UP 115 days

207 OFFSHORE PHASE 39,99 days

214 INSTALLATION COMPLETED 0 days

215 dummy 1 day

216 CONCRETE GBS - 25.000 tons Topside - GASHUB 904,05 days



219 Detail Engineering 642 days









01.01

01.10

19.01

Qtr 1 Qtr 2Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2Y e a r 1 Y e a r 2 Y e a r 3 Y e a r 4 Y e a r 5 Y eID Task Name Dur.

1 Contract Award 0,67 days

2













215 dummy 1 day

216 CONCRETE GBS - 25.000 tons Topside - GASHUB 904,05 days



219 Detail Engineering 642 days









01.01

01.10

19.01

Qtr 1 Qtr 2Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2Y e a r 1 Y e a r 2 Y e a r 3 Y e a r 4 Y e a r 5 Y e

Combined Schedule Concept 2ID Task Name Dur.2







9 DRY DOCK CONSTRUCTION PHASE 251 days






235 dummy 1 day

236 CONCRETE WELLHEAD GBS - 12.000 tons Topside - GASHUB 807,49 days












08.11

29.11

Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3Y e a r 1 Y e a r 2 Y e a r 3 Y e a r 4 Y e a r 5ID Task Name Dur.

2







9 DRY DOCK CONSTRUCTION PHASE 251 days






235 dummy 1 day

236 CONCRETE WELLHEAD GBS - 12.000 tons Topside - GASHUB 807,49 days












08.11

29.11

Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3Y e a r 1 Y e a r 2 Y e a r 3 Y e a r 4 Y e a r 5

Hebron Asset DevelopmentCombined Schedule Concept 3

Hebron Asset DevelopmentID Task Name Dur.

1 Contract Award 0.67 days

2 CONCRETE WELLHEAD GBS - 12.000 tons Topside - DQ 806.86 days





7 Site and Dry Dock Mobilization 83.33 days

8 DRY DOCK CONSTRUCTION PHASE 293.57 days

165 FLOOD DOCK, TOW TO DEEP WATER SITE 52.98 days

174 DEEP WATER SITE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 252.37 days


251 OFFSHORE PHASE 39.99 days


259

260 CONCRETE WELLHEAD GBS - 12.000 tons Topside - DQR 806.72 days





265 Site and Dry Dock Mobilization 83.33 days

266 DRY DOCK CONSTRUCTION PHASE 292.88 days

425 FLOOD DOCK, TOW TO DEEP WATER SITE 53.98 days

434 DEEP WATER SITE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 269.32 days


514 OFFSHORE PHASE 39.99 days


1/1

7/29

8/31

Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1Y e a r 1 Y e a r 2 Y e a r 3 Y e a r 4

Summary of Requirements and Results

Parameters PDQRS 95m 25kt

DQR 95m 12kt

PDQS 95m 25kt

PDQS 95m 35kt

DQ 95 m 12kt

Requirements: Water depth 95m 95m 95m 95m 95m Topside load at tow to field 25,000 t 12,000 t 25,000 t 35,000 t 12,000 t Oil storage (net) (million bbl) 1.1 0 1.1 1.15 2.0 Number of well slots 30 30 50 50 50 Number of risers & J-tubes 57 56 4 5 4 Main Quantities and Results: Concrete volume (net) (m³) 110,000 72,000 110,000 127,500 72,000 Inshore solid ballast (m³) 38,200 26,000 38,200 67,000 26,000 GBS Outfitting (MTO) (t) 3,700 3,300 2,340 2,420 2,168 Estimated cost (mill US $) 326 237 311 352 223 Construction duration (months) 26 22 24 26 22


Concept 1 Concept 2,3 Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3

Ben Nevis Ben Nevis Hebron Hebron Hebron

Potential for cost reduction with ‘close series’ construction

• Management - man-hours 10 %

• Engineering man-hours 5 %

• Labour man-hours 15 %

• Mechanical Outfitting man-hours 5 %

• Facilities cost 10 %

• Marine Operations cost 5 %

Project cost reduction potentialProject cost reduction potential 7 - 12 %7 - 12 %


- Gas Hub Concept -


Gas HubConcept

RegionalPlan


Grand Banks Pipeline DevelopmentBen Nevis Gas Hub Concept

48o 00’

EL 1025

46o 30’

48o 30’Trave

Fortune

SouthMara

North BenNevis

Ben Nevis

West Bonne Bay

HiberniaGBS

Terra NovaFPSO

30 inch 635 kmexport pipeline

to Bull Arm

12 inch 28 km

8 inch 11 km

12 inc

h 45 k

m

HebronGBS

White Rose

Ben NevisGBS

N

Tanker Offloading

Hebron In f ieldHebron In f ield

E. Rankin

Terra NovaSpringdale

Hibernia1

Mara/S.Mara/Nautilus

Export RiserExport Riser

Export Riser

Fortune

TrepasseyAmethyst

White Rose

TraveNorth Dana

“Future” JTubes

Hibernia2

N.Ben Nevis

Hebron In f ield

S.Tempest

N

Export Riser

Cape Race

“Future” J Tubes

Ben Nevis Hub:Riser and J-Tube Sizes

RisersHydrocarbons Water injection

Diameter Diameterinches inches

North Dana 20 12Trave 12 10South Tempest 12 10Trepassey 10 8Amethyst 10 8Cape Race 10 8North Ben Nevis 10 8Fortune 10 8Springdale 10 8E. Rankin 10 8Mara/S.Mara/Nautilus 10 8Hebron in-field 2 @ 14 14Oil Loading 20

OtherHibernia 2 @ 12Terra Nova 8White Rose 12

Gas Export 2 @ 30

Oil Export 2 @ 24

Total number of risers = 22 12

J - TubesKnown 11 @ 11"Future 10 @ 18"

2 @ 24"

Conductors Total 30 @ 30"

- GBS Key Issues -

and

- GBS Advantages -

Hebron Asset Development Hebron Asset Development

Key Issues

~ Capital Cost

~ Construction Time

~ Ramp up to Full Production

~ Abandonment

~ Capital Cost1. Cost efficient GBS design

2. Utilization of existing Bull Arm facilitiesand equipment

3. Contract available for GBS on lump sumEPCI basis


Key Issues

~ Capital Cost

~ Construction Time


~ Abandonment

Construction Time Efficiency accomplished through:

1. Simplified construction driven design

2. Maximum use of well established slipforming techniques

3. Moderate rebar density

4. Full Union/Trades cooperation through incentives


Key Issues

~ Capital Cost

~ Construction Time


~ Abandonment

~ Ramp up to full Production1. Provides for two drill centres

2. First platform, 2 drill rigs; second platform, one ortwo drill rigs

3. Potential for advance drilling at one or both centres prior to production facility arrival


Key Issues

~ Capital Cost

~ Construction Time


~ Abandonment

~ Cost of Abandonment1. GBS design provides for decommissioning

2. No offshore ballast simplifies abandonment

3. North Sea GBS abandonment costs and procedures developed


Key Issues

~ Capital Cost

~ Construction Time


~ Abandonment

GBS Advantages~ Dry wellheads

~ No complex turret system

~ Ice resistance

~ Reduced well construction cost

~ Longer extended reach and more complex wells possible

~ Enhanced well intervention capabilities with lower OPEX

~ Facilitation of artificial lift

~ Higher processing facility uptime

~ Capability of topsides capacity expansion

~ Reduced flow assurance risks

~ Can accommodate large number of Risers/J-tubes and export pipelines


- Way Forward -


Way Forward~ Refine depletion plan economics

~ Site geotechnical work - select preferred option

~ Develop commercial proposal

1/ Construction• Lump sum construction contract

• Joint venture construction/shared risk

2/ Ownership of Facilities• Lease purchase arrangement?

• Joint or separate ownership?

• Separate arrangements for each platform?


End of Presentation

August, 2000

Hebron Asset

HebronAsset

RegionalPerspective


Hibernia

Jeanne D’Arc

Avalon

Ben Nevis

Hebron Field West Ben Nevis Field

Ben Nevis Field

Hebron AssetDescription

Jeanne d’Arc Lithostratigraphy

Heavier Oil

Lighter Oil

GBS

GBS

Hebron:

Ben Nevis Horizon - 27 wells

Hibernia Horizon - 7 wells

Jeanne d’Arc Horizon - 12 wells

Total = 46 wells

Includes Injectors

West Ben Nevis

Ben Nevis/Avalon Horizons - 7 wells

Ben Nevis

Ben Nevis Horizon = 21Hebron andBen Nevis GBSLocationPossibilities

Ben Nevis Hub

Intra Field Lines

Iceberg Scour Risks

White Rose

Terra Nova

Hibernia

Hebron Ben Nevis

Annual Iceberg Contact Frequency Vs

Pipeline Exposure

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Top of Pipe Above Seabed (m)

Ann

ual I

cebe

rg C

onta

ct

Freq

uenc

y

Hebron

Terra NovaHibernia

White Rose

Ben Nevis Gas Hub - Jeanne D'Arc Intra Field Lines

Hebron Terra Nova Hibernia White RoseLabel Number 200 202 203 201Length 11.1 km 15.3 km 35.6 km 36.8 kmSimulation period 5000 yrs 5000 yrs 5000 yrs 5000 yrs

Ben Nevis to

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