Heavy Ion Collision Studies of the Symmetry Energy at High Temperature and Very Low Density
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Transcript of Heavy Ion Collision Studies of the Symmetry Energy at High Temperature and Very Low Density
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J. B. NatowitzCCAST Workshop, Beijing August 2005
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E. Bell1, M. Cinausero2, Y. El Masri 6,D. Fabris3, K. Hagel1, J. Iglio1, A. Keksis1, T. Keutgen6, M. Lunardon3, Z. Majka4, A. Martinez-Davalos,5 A. Menchaca-Rocha5, S. Kowalski1,T. Materna1, J. B. Natowitz1, G. Nebbia3, L. Qin1, G. Prete,2 R. Murthy1, V. Rizzi,3 D. V. Shetty1, S. Soisson1, B. Stein1, G. Souliotis1, P. M. Veselsky1,A. Wieloch1, G. Viesti,3 R. Wada1, J. Wang1, S. Wuenshel1, and S. J. Yennello1
1Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 2INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy 3INFN Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova, Italy 4Jagellonian University, Krakow, Poland 5UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico 6UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Reactions
26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn + Zn + 5858Ni Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 9292MoMo26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 197197AuAu
40A MeV 40A MeV 4040Ar + Ar + 112112SnSn35, 47A MeV 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 9292Mo Mo 47A MeV 47A MeV 6464Zn + Zn + 9292Mo Mo 55A MeV 55A MeV 2727Al + Al + 124124SnSn
R. Wada et al. Phys. Rev. C 69, 044610(2004)
J. Wang et al. Phys. Rev. C 71, 054608 (2005)
J. Wang et al. ArXiVnucl-ex/0408002, 2005
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Reaction Dynamics and Multifragmentation in Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Reactions - 15,26,35.,47A MeV 64Zn + 58Ni, 92Mo and 197Au
15 26 35 47 15 26 35 47
64Zn + 92Mo 64Zn + 197Au
R.Wada, et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 044610(2004)
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THERMAL SHOCK COMPRESSION
FREEZEOUT
SEPARATION
SECONDARY EMISSION
EXPANSIONPRE-EQUILIBRIUM EMISSIONEQUILIBRIUM EMISSION ?
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Evolution ?Equilibration ?Equation of State ?
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NIMROD DETECTOR4π Charged Particle Telescopes
and 4π Neutron Calorimeter
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NIMROD DATA
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Source Fits (and Velocity Plots) are Used to Test for Origin of Ejectiles
4He -CsI Detectors
V perpendicu
lar
S c h e m a t ic V e lo c i t y P lo t -I n t e r m e d ia t e E n e r g y H e a v y I o n C o l l is io n A s y m m e t r i c E n t r a n c e C h a n n e lE a r l y E m is s io n N N -L i k e
E a r l y E m is s io nP r o je c t i l e -L ik e
V p
erp
en
dic
ula
r
Schematic Veloc ity P lot-Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collis ion A symmetric Entranc e Channel
Early Emiss ion N N -L ike
E arlyE miss ionP rojec tile-L ike
Phase 1
Phase 2
“Central Collision”
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26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn + Zn + 5858Ni Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 9292MoMo26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 197197AuAu
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CoalescenceCoalescence ModelModel
==
AA-1-1
––
11
11
__________
A.Z. Mekjian, Phys. Rev. C 17, 1051 (1978); Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 640 (1977); Phys. Lett B 89,177 ( 1980)
11
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Double Isotope Temperatures
TTHHeHHe = = 14.314.3
1.59 [ Y1.59 [ Yd d ] [ Y] [ Y44He He ] ] [ Y[ Yt t ] [ Y] [ Y33He He ]]
lnln
Binding Energy DifferencesBinding Energy Differences
Mass and Spin FactorsMass and Spin Factors
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THHe
0
5
10
15
0 2 4 6 8 10
vsurf, cm/ns
TH
He,
MeV
47Zn
35Zn
40Ar
55Al
Thermal Coalescence Model Radii
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
R,
fm
R(Mek)47Zn
R(Mek)35Zn
R(Mek) 40Ar
R(Mek) 55Al
t/3He
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
Y(t
)/Y
(3H
e)
47Zn
35Zn
40Ar
55Al
Early EmissionEquilibration ?Evaporation or Disassembly
Velocity Dependence of Y(t)/Y(3He), Radius and Temperature
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Relationship of Average Emission Time with Surface Velocity (AMD Calculation)
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47A MeV 64Zn + 92Mo
t/3He Ratio 5/30/03
0
1
2
3
4
5
50 100 150 200
time, fm/c
t/3
He
Ra
tio
47Zn t/3He
47A MeV 64Zn + 92M0
THHe 5/30/03
0
5
10
15
50 100 150 200
time, fm/c
TH
He
, Me
V
47Zn T
47A MeV 64Zn + 92Mo RMek(t) 5/30/03
05
1015202530
50 100 150 200
time, fm/c
RM
ek,
fm47Zn R
Conversion From Velocity to Time
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Evidence for Equilibration(A Ghoshal Experiment)
J. Wang et al. Phys. Rev. C 71, 054608 (2005)
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J. Wang et al. nucl-ex/0408002, 2005
26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn + Zn + 5858Ni Ni 26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 9292MoMo26, 35, 47A MeV 26, 35, 47A MeV 6464Zn +Zn + 197197AuAu
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Further Evidence for Equilibration(Thermal and
Chemical)
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Evolution of Emission Rates
Proton and Z=1 Mass Fractions vs Vsurf
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
Mas
s fr
acti
on 35 Au prot
35Mo prot
35Au Z=1
35Mo Z=1
Alpha Mass fractions vs Vsurf
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
Alp
ha
mas
s fr
acti
on
Alpha massfract 35 Au47A MeV
26A MeV
35A Mo
Proton and Z=1 Mass Fractions vs Vsurf
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf, cm/ns
Mas
s fr
acti
on
35 Au prot
35Mo prot
35Au Z=1
35Mo Z=1
35 Au alpha
35 Mo alpha
Very Similar Results for Au, Mo Targets
Nucleons Earliest, Then A=2,3 Clusters, Then Alphas
Why Evolve to Such Large Alpha Fractions Late?
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Alpha Clustering in Low Density Nuclear Material (Surface, Gas)
Relativistic Equation of State of Nuclear Matter for Supernova and Neutron Star H.Shen, H.Toki, K.Oyamatsu, K.Sumiyoshi Nucl.Phys. A637 (1998) 435-450
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Yp = 0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
nb fm-3
XA
T=2
T=3
T=4
T=5
T=6
T=7
T=8
T=9
T=10
T=12
T=14
T=16
T=18
Shen 10%lim
Sil Calc RhogasavgV0COAL RADDETDerivedDensities
nucl-th/0507033 Cluster Formation and The Virial Equation of State of Low-Density Nuclear Matter C.J. Horowitz, A. Schwenk
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nucl-th/0507064 The Virial Equation of State of Low-Density Neutron Matter
Authors: C.J. Horowitz, A. Schwenk
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Alpha Fractions vs DensityCompared to Yp=.447 (SHEN et al.)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
nb fm-3
XA
T=2 0.45
T=4
T=6.3
T=8
T=12
T=15
T=10
LOW
High
AVGDDENS
Virial T=4
Virial T=8
DENSITY DETERMINED FROM ALPHA MASS FRACTION and TEMPERATURE
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Tapas Sil, B. K. Agrawal, J. N. De, S. K. Samaddar , Phys.Rev. C63 (2001) 054604
Thomas- Fermi Calculations
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Alpha Fractions vs DensityCompared to Yp=.447 (SHEN et al.)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
nb fm-3
XA
T=2 0.45
T=4
T=6.3
T=8
T=12
T=15
T=10
LOW
High
AVGDDENS
Virial T=4
Virial T=8
T. Sil186ReT= 5-7 MeV
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J.B. Elliott, L.G. Moretto, L. Phair, G.J. Wozniak Phys.Rev. C67 (2003) 024609
Constructing the phase diagram of finite neutral nuclear matter
nucl-ex/0206010 J.B. Natowitz, K. Hagel, Y. Ma, M. Murray, L. Qin, S. Shlomo, R. Wada, J. Wang
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Isoscaling Analyses and Symmetry Energy
M.B. Tsang, W.A. Friedman, C.K. Gelbke, W.G. Lynch, G. Verde and H.S. Xu, Phys.Rev. C64 (2001) 041603
A Comparison of the Yields of Emitted Species for Two Different Sources of Similar Excitation Energy and Temperature but Differing in Their Neutron to Proton Ratios
sym4
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Isoscaling of LCP Yields From Intermediate Velocity Source
Relative Yields Z = 1 35A MeV Au/Mo
Vsurf = 0.25 to 7.75 cm/ns(displacement factor x1.3)
1
10
100
0 1 2 3
Neutron Number
Rel
ativ
e Y
(2)/
Y(1
)
Relative Yields Z=2 35A MeV Au/Mo
Vsurf =m 0.25 to 7.75 cm/ns ( displacement factor x 1.3)
1
10
100
0 1 2 3
Neutron Number
Rel
ativ
e y(
2)/Y
(1)
Isoscaling Parameter Alpha(Vsurf)
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.6
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf cm/ns
Alph
a Global Fit Z=1,2
Fit Z=1
0.25
7.75
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Global Isoscaling Parameters (Vsurf)Z=1,2
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 2 4 6 8 10
Vsurf cm/ns
be
ta
alp
ha
alpha
beta
beta/alpha
Global beta/alpha vs T35 Au/Mo
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
0 5 10 15 20
T, MeV
B/A
Au/Mo 35 B/A
EST SYM E ONLY
Isoscaling of LCP Yields From Intermediate Velocity Source
= (4/T)[(Z/A)2Mo – (Z/A)2
Au]
= (4/T)[(N/A)2Mo – (N/A)2
Au]
If Only Symmetry Energy Determines Relative Yields
= [(Z/A)2
Mo – (Z/A)2Au]
[(1- Z/A)2Mo – (1- Z/A)2
Au]
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Derived Symmetry Energy Coefficient
Gamma Determination 1 August 05 from Seweryn Fits Z=1 and Z/A eject global
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
3.5 4.5 5.5
Vsurf
Gam
ma,
MeV
delsq glob ejectang
Vsurf dep del
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SYMMETRY ENERGY
0.1
1
10
100
1E-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
nb fm-3
GA
MM
A, M
eV
Horo. T=4
Horo. T=6
Horo T=8
Gamma 35 Au/MoT= 5.19-15.5Horo T=14
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FINIS
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T=4 SYMMETRY ENERGY FROM INTERPOLATIONVirial Calculation
0.1
1
10
100
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
nb fm-3
GA
MM
A, M
eV
T=4
T=6
Horo graph T=8
Gogny
PLO)T GOGNY !!!!
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Alpha Fractions vs DensityCompared to Yp=.447 (SHEN et al.)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
nb fm-3
XA
T=2 0.45
T=4
T=6.3
T=8
T=12
T=15
T=10
LOW
High
AVGDDENS
Virial T=4
Virial T=8
T=4 MeV
T = 8 MeV
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Z/A of Gas vs time
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 100 200 300
time, fm/c
Z/A
ga
s
2.50 Calc 35 Au
expt
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nucl-ex/0408002 Title: Tracing the Evolution of Temperature in Near Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
Authors: J. Wang, R. Wada, T. Keutgen, K. Hagel, Y. G. Ma, M. Murray, L. Qin, A. Botvina, S. Kowalski, T. Materna, J. B. Natowitz, R. Alfarro, J. Cibor, M. Cinausero, Y. El Masri, D. Fabris, E. Fioretto, A. Keksis, M. Lunardon, A. Makeev, N. Marie, E. Martin, Z. Majka, A. Martinez-Davalos, A. Menchaca
-Rocha, G. Nebbia, G. Prete, V. Rizzi, A. Ruangma, D. V. Shetty, G. Souliotis, P. Staszel, M. Veselsky, G. Viesti, E. M. Winchester, S. J. Yennello, W. Zipper,
A. Ono
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A "Little Big Bang" Scenario of MultifragmentationX. Campi, H. Krivine, E. Plagnol, N. Sator
Journal-ref: Phys.Rev. C67 (2003) 044610
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Title: Reaction Dynamics and Multifragmentation in Fermi Energy Heavy Ion ReactionsAuthors: R. Wada, T. Keutgen, K. Hagel, Y. G. Ma, J. Wang, M. Murray, L. Qin, P. Smith, J. B. Natowitz, R. Alfarro, J. Cibor, M. Cinausero, Y. El Masri, D. Fabris, E. Fioretto, A. Keksis, M. Lunardon, A. Makeev, N. Marie, E. Martin, A. Martinez-Davalos, A. Menchaca-Rocha, G. Nebbia, G. Prete, V. Rizzi, A. Ruangma, D. V. Shetty, G. Souliotis, P. Staszel, M. Veselsky, G. Viesti, E. M. Winchester, S. J. Yennello, Z. Majka, A. OnoPhys.Rev. C69 (2004) 044610
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