Elliptic flow of electrons from heavy flavor decays in√s NN = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions @ PHENIX
Heavy Flavor Upgrades for STAR and PHENIX Jim Thomas Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Transcript of Heavy Flavor Upgrades for STAR and PHENIX Jim Thomas Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Heavy Flavor Upgrades for STAR and PHENIX
Jim ThomasLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Characterization of the QGP with Heavy QuarksPhysikzentrum Bad Honnef
June 25-28, 2008
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Heavy Flavor Energy Loss
Surprising results - - challenge our understanding of the energy loss mechanism - force us to RE-think about the collisional energy loss - Requires direct measurements of C- and B-hadrons.
1) Non-photonicelectrons decayedfrom - charm andbeauty hadrons
2) At pT ≥ 6 GeV/c,
RAA(n.e.) ~ RAA(h±)
contradicts naïve pQCD predictions
STAR PRL, 98, 192301 (2007)
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STAR Solenoidal field
Large Solid Angle TrackingTPC’s, Si-Vertex Tracking
RICH, EM Cal, TOF
Measurements of Hadronic observables using a large acceptance spectrometer
PHENIXAxial Field
High Resolution & Rates2 Central Arms, 2 Forward Arms TEC, RICH, EM Cal, Si, TOF, -ID
Leptons, Photons, and Hadrons in selected solid angles (especially muons)
Heavy Flavor Upgrades for STAR and PHENIX
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Detector Upgrades
• Each detector discovers a different part of the Elephant’s story
• The detector upgrades are designed to complete the coverage of the physics program
– and open new vistas
– the charm and beauty sector … dE/dx, flow, coalescence, NCQ scaling
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STAR Upgrades
• Full Barrel MRPC TOF
• DAQ Upgrade (order of magnitude increase in rate)
• High precision Heavy Flavor Tracker near the vertex
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The TOF Upgrade
• Multiplate RPC technology
• Beautiful electron ID
• 85 ps timing resolution after slewing corrections
• Each tray has 72 channels
• 90 full trays this year, with new electronics
• Funded by the DOE & CNSF
• Construction and install in 2008, and 2009
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Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Chamber TOF
State-of-art MRPC: -0.9 < < 0.9, 0 < < 2, r = 220cm 6 gaps, 3x6cm2 pad;
23K channels, 120 modules
Most significant collab. to date between USA & China in HEP detector research
1 tray in runs 2-75 trays in run 8
~75% in run 9100% in run 10
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Improving the “Time” in Time-of-Flight
Run8: 76M pp events TOF+TPX
• 2001: No timing devices (except Time Projection Chamber)
• 2002:
BBC (~1ns), ZDC (200ps)
• 2002-2008:
TOF tray+VPD (<100ps)
• 2008 TOF t: 81ps
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TPC FEE and DAQ Upgrade – DAQ 1000
• Faster, smaller, better … ( 10x )
• Current TPC FEE and DAQ limited to 100 Hz
• Replace TPC FEE with next generation CERN based chips … 1 kHz readout
• Make the FEE smaller to provide space for a forward tracking upgrade
• Further improvements by only archiving “associated” clusters – build on L3 algorithms … 5 kHz !
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• Four steps to an order of magnitude increase in data acquisition rates
• TPC FEE (BNL&LBL)
• TPC RDO (BNL)
• DAQ Transmitter (CERN)
• DAQ Receiver (CERN)
Dual CERN D-RORC with fibers on the board
Mezzanine DDL
Single D-RORC with 1 fiber mezzanine
ALICE FEE & DAQ
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The Heavy Flavor Tracker
4 layers of Si at mid rapidity, 2 PXL + 1 IST + 1 SSD (existing)
• A new detector
– 18 m silicon pixelsto yield 6 m space point resolution
– 436 M pixels
• Direct Topological reconstruction of Charm
– Detect charm decays with small c, including D0 K
• New physics
– Charm collectivity and flow to test thermalization at RHIC
– Charm Energy Loss to test pQCD in a hot and dense medium at RHIC
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Concept of HFT Layers
Graded Resolution from the Outside – In Resolution()
TPC pointing at the SSD ( 23 cm radius) ~ 1 mm
SSD pointing at IST ( 14 cm radius) ~ 400 m
IST pointing at Pixel-2 ( 8 cm radius) ~ 400 m
Pixel-2 pointing at Pixel-1 (2.5 cm radius) ~ 70 m
pixel-1 pointing at the vertex ~ 40 m
Purpose of intermediate layers to get increasing resolution power with increasing hit-densities, so the high resolution hits in the inner pixel’s can be found, assigned and displaced vertices determined.
SSDSSD
ISTIST
PIXELPIXEL
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Inner layer
Outer layer
End view
ALICE style carbon support beams (green)
2.5 cm radius
8 cm radius
Since modified to increase Sensor Clearances
‘D-Tube Duct and Support
The Pixel Detector surrounds the vertex with Si
A thin detector using 50 m Si to finesse the limitations imposed by MCS
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D0 Reconstruction Efficiency
- Central Au+Au collisions: top 10%events. - The thin detector allows measurements down to pT ~ 0.5 GeV/c.
- Essential and unique!
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Charm Hadron v2
- 200 GeV Au+Au minimum biased collisions (500M events). - Charm collectivity drag/diffusion constants medium properties!
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Even the c
Simulations of the most challenging 3-body decays are encouragingso far
This capability, which will be provided uniquely at RHIC by the HFT, is crucial for determining whether the baryon/meson anomaly extends toheavy quark hadrons
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A more complete view of the STAR Upgrade plan
Run08 Run10Run09 Run12Run11 Run13 Run15Run14
FMS complete:d+Au and p+pdata from Run 8
DAQ1000 completeImmediate improvementof 300% in sampled luminosity for rare probes(e.g. jets in p+p)
Increase in Au+Au luminosity to50 x 1027 cm-2 sec-1
U+U available from EBISDOE investment ~ $7M
HFT partial implementation
HFT completefull topological PID forc, b mesonsDOE investment : upperlimit of range ~ $14.7M
Planned LHC1st heavy ion run
DOE investment ~ $400k
DOE investment ~ $1900k
TOF complete:
PID information for > 95% of kaons
and protons in the STAR acceptance
Clean e± ID down to 0.2 GeV/c
DOE investment ~ $4900k
Chinese investment ~ $2700k
FGT complete:
Accurate charge sign determination
for W’s, DOE investment ~ $1900k
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PHENIX Upgrade Plan
– An aerogel and time-of-flight system to provide complete /K/p separation for momenta up to 10~GeV/c.
– A hadron-blind detector to detect and track electrons near the vertex
– A vertex detector to detect displaced vertices from the decay of mesons containing charm or bottom quarks.
– A muon trigger upgrade to preserve sensitivity at the highest projected RHIC luminosities.
– A forward calorimeter to provide photon+jet studies over a wide kinematic range.
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PHENIX Central Arm Upgrades
• Enhanced Particle ID– TRD (east) – Aerogel/TOF (west)
• Vertex Spectrometer– flexible magnetic field– VTX: silicon barrel vertex tracker– HBD and/or TPC
High pT phenomena: , K, p separation to 10 GeV/c
charm/beauty: TRD e/ above 5 GeV/c
charm/beauty: displaced vertex
e+e- continuum: Dalitz rejection
HBD/TPC
VTXHBD/TPCVTX
TRD
Aerogel/TOF
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Pixel barrel (50 m x 425 m)Strip barrels (80 m x 3 cm)Endcap (extension) (50 m x 2 mm)
1 - 2% X0 per layerbarrel resolution < 50 m endcap resolution < 150 m
Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX)
VTX barrel ||<1.2
Pixel Detectors at R ~ 2.5 & 5 cm Strip Detectors at R ~ 10 & 14 cm Endcap 1.2<||<2.7
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Forward Upgrade Components
• Endcap Vertex Tracker – silicon pixel detectors
• Nosecone EM Calorimeter– W-silicon (20-50 X/X0)
– shower max
– tail catcherCerenkov
NoseconeCalorimeter
U-Tracker
Muon fromhadron decays
Muon from W
TailCatcher
D-Tracker
Silicon endcap
• Muon trigger– U-tracker (MuTr or new)
– D-tracker (timing with RPC’s)
– Cerenkov
charm/beauty & jets: displaced vertex
-jet,W,c: calorimeter
W and quarkonium: improved -trigger rejection
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Nose-Cone Calorimeter
• Replace existing PHENIX “nose-cones” (hadronic absorbers for muon arms) with Si-W calorimeter (Tungsten with Si readout)
• Major increase in acceptance forphoton+jet studies
• Prototype silicon wafer – 3 different versions of
“stri-pixel” detectors for the preshower and shower max layers
• Extended physics reach – q/q polarizations via
spin dependent W-production
– Small x-physics in d-A
– Extended A-A program
– high pT phenomena: 0 and -jet
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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Aerogel
TOF-W
HBD
VTX-barrel
VTX-endcap
NCC
MuTrigger
DAQ
R&D Phase Construction Phase Ready for Data
PHENIX Upgrades Schedule
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Summary
• The scientific program at RHIC is rich and diverse– Rare probes and high pt phenomena are a rich source of new
discoveries
– Strangeness, Charm, and Beauty are likely to yield even more new discoveries
– We have promising spin program that is making critical and unique measurements
• The scientific program at RHIC will keep getting better– The performance of the accelerator is improving each due to a
carefully planned set of upgrades.
– STAR will explore charm, beauty, and higher pt spectra at ever increasing data acquisition rates.
– PHENIX will add sophisticated PID and tracking near the vertex.
• These upgrades will yield exciting new physics results
The Future is Very Bright