1 © Copyright 2012 Daniel J Edelman Inc. Intelligent Engagement

Measuring Environmental Sustainability

Heather DyllaDirector of Sustainable

Engineering

2014 CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo

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Outline

• What does it mean to be “Sustainable”?

• Why do we need to quantify our environmental impact?

• How do we measure our environmental impact?• Green Rating Metrics

• Life Cycle Assessments

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Definition of Sustainable

Sustainable“Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own”1

Sustainable Pavements?No universal definition

“Triple Bottom Line”

Environmental

EconomicSocial

1 UN World Commission on Environment and Development

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Sustainable Asphalt Pavements

Societal• Safe• Quiet• Smooth Ride Quality

• Minimizes User Delay

• Natural Resource Conservation

Economic• Virgin Material Reuse/Replacement

• Reduced Fuel• Improved Durability

• Long Life

Environmental• Storm Water Runoff

• Water Treatment• Reduce Emissions• Reduce Landfill

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Sustainable Asphalt Technologies

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)

Ground Tire Rubber (GTR)

Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS)

Porous Asphalt

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA)

Perpetual Asphalt Pavement

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Why do we need to quantify our environmental impact?

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New Era of Product Transparency

Increasing need for quantifying a product’s

impact towards sustainability

• Growing Public Demand for Sustainability

• Adds Credibility to Green Marketing

• Environmental Benchmarking

• Potential Tool for Pavement Selection

If we don’t do it, someone else will do it for

us!

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Growing Public Demand

81% Executive Corporate Leaders believe need to adopt sustainability principals

McGraw-Hill Construction2012

>50% of State DOT’s have adopted sustainability principlesNCHRP 20-83

2012

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Increasing Business Opportunities

Public Deman

ds

44% Green nonresiden

tial constructio

n

$66 Billion

McGraw-Hill ConstructionJanuary 2014

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Transportation Challenges – Benchmarking Need

Total U.S. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions by Economic Sector in 2011

• 84% of the GHG from the transportation sector from vehicle combustion

EPA2011

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Credibility

Public Deman

d

True Goods2013

Recycling, Reusing, or products from a Local manufacture does not necessarily mean the product is “green”

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Measuring Sustainability Tools

How Do We Measure Environmental

Impact?

• Green Rating Metrics

• Life Cycle Assessments

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Green Rating Metrics

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Standards• Voluntary• Sets stakeholder

metrics• Defines Industry

Best Practices• No enforcement• No Review

Codes• Law• Permits• Little

Flexibility• Code

Official Review

Rating Systems• Voluntary• Aspirationa

l & Elective• Ratings

define achievement

• 3rd Party Review

Measuring Sustainability Tools

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Infrastructure Green Rating Systems

• National, State, Local

• Rating Tool• Best practices

• Earn Credits

• Indicator of sustainability

I-LAST™

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v.2009 New ConstructionSubcategories

– Sustainable Sites

– Water Efficiency

– Energy & Atmosphere

– Indoor Environmental

Quality

– Materials & Resources

– Innovation and Design

– Regional Priority

US Green Building Council (USGBC)

Scope: Buildings and NeighborhoodsPavement Related - 10%

– Urban Heat Island nonroof (1 pt)

– Stormwater design (2 pts)– Construction waste

management (2 pts)– Materials reuse (2 pts)– Recycled content (2 pts)– Regional materials (2 pts)

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design

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Envision

Scope: Civil InfrastructurePavement Related - 25%

Leadership 10By-Product Synergy Opportunities 1Extend Useful Life 1

Natural World 15Manage Stormwater 1

Quality of Life 13Minimize Noise 1Develop Local Skills and Capabilities 1Enhance Public Health and Safety 1

Climate and Risk 8Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1Reduce Air Pollutant Emissions 1Prepare for Long-Term Climate Adaptability 1Manage Heat Island Effects 1

Resource Allocation 14Reduce Net Embodied Energy 1Support Sustainable Procurement 1Use Recycled Materials 1Use Regional Materials 1Divert Waste from Landfills 1Provide for Deconstruction and Recycling 1

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INVEST

Project Development 126Stormwater Up to 9Reduce and Reuse Up to 8Recycle Materials Up to 8Long-Life Pavement 5Reduce Energy Emissions in Pavement Materials 3Contractor Warranty 1 or 3Construction Environmental Training 1Construction Equipment Emission Reduction 2Construction Noise Mitigation 2Construction Quality Control Plan 5Construction Waste Management Plan 3

Scope (3 Modules)• System Planning –

Transportation system & project planning

• Project Development –Design & Construction

• Operations & Maintenance

Pavement Related - 39%

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Greenroads

Scope: Roadway Design & ConstructionPavement Related - 45%

Project Requirements 11Environment & Water 21Access & Equity 30Construction Activities 14

Quality Management System 2 Environmental Training 1 Site Recycling Plan 1 Fossil Fuel Reduction 1-2 Equipment Emission Reduction 1-2

Paving Emissions Reduction 1 Contractor Warranty 3Materials & Resources 23 Life Cycle Assessment 2 Pavement Reuse 1-5 Recycled Materials 1-5 Regional Materials 1-5

Pavement Technologies 20 Long Life Pavement 5 Permeable Pavement 3 Warm Mix Pavement 3 Cool Pavement 5 Quiet Pavement 2-3 Pavement Performance Tracking 1

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Summary Green Rating Metrics

Similarities

• Stormwater Management

• Recycling or Reusing Materials

• Local Materials (except for INVEST)

Future Trend

• Measuring Potential Impacts

• Life Cycle Assessments

• Environmental Product Declaration

• Health Product Declarations

Green Rating System Benefits

• LEED

• Most Well Known

• INVEST

• No Urban Heat Island credit

• ENVISION

• Not Prescriptive

• Greenroads

• Most Pavement Specific Credits

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-- methodology to measure and understand the potential environmental impacts associated with a product

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LCA Framework

Defined in ISO 14040 Series

Goal and

Scope

Life Cycle

Inventory

Interpretation

Impact Assessment

Source: ISO 14040

Review and Refine

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1. Goal and Scope Definition

Goal defines:

• What is the aim of the study?

• Who is the audience of the study?

Scope defines:

• Unit

• System Boundary

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System Boundaries

Asphalt binder

manufacture

Transportation to plant

Aggregate production

Transportation to plant

Plant Operations

Transportation to site

Construction

Fuels

Transportation to plant

Cradle to Gate

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2. Life Cycle Inventory

• Aggregates• Admixtures• Asphalt Binder

• Transport

Raw Material

• Fuel• Water• Equipment

Production

• Transport• Paving

Construction

• Vehicle Operation

• UHI• Stormwater Runoff

• Maintenance/ Workzone congestion

Use

• Landfill• Recycle

End of Life

Recycle/Reuse

Outputs – Solid Wastes, Emissions to Air, Emissions to Water

Inputs – Materials, Energy, Water

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3. Impact Assessment

Per ton of HMA AsphaltAggregates

Plant Oper.

Transport

Const. TotalNatural Manuf.

Emissions to Air (g/ton)              

SO2

9.4E+01 ---- ---- 1.7E+00 ---- ----

9.5E+01

NOx

1.1E+02

1.3E+00 ---- 1.3E+01 4.4E+02

1.5E+02

7.1E+02

CO2

1.5E+04

1.2E+03 ---- 1.7E+04 ---- ----

3.2E+04

CO7.3E+0

0 ---- ---- 6.5E+01 1.9E+036.0E+0

22.6E+0

3

HC6.8E+0

1 ---- ---- ---- 1.5E+025.0E+0

12.7E+0

2Metals not specified 2.3E-01 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 2.3E-01HCI 5.7E-02 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 5.7E-02PM2.5 ---- ---- 5.6E-03 ---- ---- ---- 5.6E-03

PM10 ---- ----4.7E+0

1 3.2E+03 ---- ----3.2E+0

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Total PM1.1E+0

18.1E+0

11.6E+0

2 1.4E+04 4.4E+011.9E+0

01.4E+0

4

CH4 ---- ---- ---- 6.0E+00 ---- ----6.0E+0

0

VOC ---- ---- ---- 1.6E+01 ---- ----1.6E+0

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Potential Environmental Impact

Global Warming Potential Acidification Eutrophication

Fossil Fuel Depletion Water Use Criteria Air Pollutants

Human Health- Noncancerous

Human Health- Cancerous

Photochemical Smog

Ozone Depletion Terrestrial Toxicity Resource Depletion

Land Use Aquatic Toxicity

Source: Hassan 2009

?

• ℎ 𝑇𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓ℎ ℎ 𝐶 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂𝑡 𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠

( )𝑇𝑅𝐴𝐶𝐼• Impact Assessment Tool for US

• Developed by EPA

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4. Interpretation

• Results are Potential Impacts not Actual

• Must consider the assumptions made & data limitations

• Does not account for technical performance, costs, & many social impacts

Interpretation of LCA results and comparisons are not easy!

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Environmental Product Declarations

Product Category Rules (PCRs)Rules a product must follow to publish an EPD

• Defines Goal and Scope• Sets LCA boundaries• Delineates Acceptable

Inventory Data• Identifies Impact

Categories• ISO 14025

Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)Standardized LCA Report defined by Product Category Rules (PCRs)

• Fair• Comparable• Third Party Reviewed• Credible• ISO 14025

PCR

LCA

EPD

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Example EPD

Environmental FactsFunctional unit: 1 metric ton of asphalt concrete

Boundaries: Cradle-to-GateCompany: XYZ Asphalt

RAP: 10%

Source: PE International, Values are for illustration purposes only.

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Conclusions

• Many Sustainable Asphalt Technologies

• Growing Public Demand for Sustainability

• Tools Available to Measure Sustainability• Green Rating Systems – LEED, Greenroads,

Envision, INVEST

• LCA

• Product Transparency• NOT all LCAs are equal

• EPDs are preferred

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Industry Path Forward

Environmental Sustainability Pavement Economics Committee• Comprised of SAPAs and Industry

Representatives

• Identified Project Develop Industry Asphalt Mixture EPD Program

• EPD/PCR Technical Working Group will oversee process

• Create a PCR for asphalt mixtures• Create a tool for industry to create EPD• Peer Benchmarking

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Strengthen Your Company & The Industry

• Expand your staff with direct access to engineering, environmental, health & safety, legislative, and communications professionals

• Get ahead of the innovation curve with advance knowledge of new technologies, techniques, and practices that improve product quality and operational efficiency

• Protect your investment in your company from competitive and regulatory threats

• It costs less than 2 cents a ton

www.AsphaltPavement.org/JoinNAPA

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