Heat-treatable steels

80
THYROFORT THYROFORT THYROFORT Special engineering steels EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH Heat-treatable steels THYROFORT THYROFORT THYROFORT

Transcript of Heat-treatable steels

Page 1: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORTTHYROFORT

THYROFORT

Special engineer ing steels

EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH

Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORTTHYROFORT

THYROFORT

Page 2: Heat-treatable steels
Page 3: Heat-treatable steels

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ContentsPage 4 – 5 General

Page 6 – 7 Special features

Page 8 – 9 Steel portraits

Page 10 – 13 Application examples

Page 14 – 15 Steel production

Page 16 – 17 Steel processing

Technical information

Page 18 – 20 Overview of grades and chemical composition

Page 21 – 22 Minimum yield points and tensile strength ranges

Material data

Page 24 – 65 Material data sheets

Technical information

Page 66 – 68 Thyrofort – The basics

Page 69 – 70 Heat treatment – Schematic representation

Page 71 Sampling according to DIN EN 10083

Page 72 – 73 Ruling heat treatment diameter

Page 74 Comparison of international standards

Page 75 Hardness comparison table

Page 76 Forms supplied

Page 77 Temperature Comparison

Page 78 List of photos

Page 4: Heat-treatable steels

Wherever machines and their

components have to withstand

high dynamic stresses, the use of

special, high-performance steel

grades is essential. If a compo-

nent breaks, the machine grinds to

a halt, the entire installation has to

be stopped! Choosing the opti-

mum steel for the respective com-

ponent is of decisive importance

for productivity, cost-efficiency

and, above all, for safety. Thyrofort

is our brand name for high-

strength heat-treatable steels.

Compared to case-hardening

steels, these grades have a higher

carbon content in the region of

about 0.20 to 0.60%. While case-

hardened steels have a hard case

and a tough core, heat-treated

steels are characterized by high

strength all the way from the case

to the core.

These two types of steel are a

perfect match in large gearboxes:

the gearwheels are made of case-

hardened steel, while heat-treated

steel is used for the shafts.

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Heat-treatable steels acquire

their high yield point, tensile

strength and fatigue strength

(combined with great toughness!)

by being hardened and tempered

at above 450 °C but below the

microstructural transformation

temperature. The great strength of

our Thyrofort steels is their opti-

mum adaptation to the respective

application.

Optimum full quenching and tem-

pering is guaranteed by choosing

the suitable steel as a function of

the workpiece cross-section.

The extraordinary purity and the

homogeneity of the microstructure

ensure consistent mechanical

properties, even with large cross-

sections.

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld is in a

position to supply round billets of

up to 750 mm diameter and ma-

chined material of up to 400 mm

diameter. In this context, the

strength and toughness can be

specifically adjusted and combined

to meet the demands on the re-

spective component.

THYROFORT

A tough type through and Thyrofort,

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Thyrofort heat-treatable steels

offer excellent hot formability.

Cold formability and machinability

are dependent on the carbon con-

tent and the crystalline structure.

Appropriate alloying and heat

treatment permit adjustment of

the microstructure for optimum

machinability.

The top quality of Thyrofort steels

is achieved through high process

reliability and modern installations

for melting, highly developed sec-

ondary metallurgy, vertical contin-

uous casting, remelting, hot

forming and modern test facilities.

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld is in a

position to offer you a tailor-made

heat-treatable steel for every

application and every component.

Ask our material specialists for

advice.

Thyrofort – designed for

extraordinary stresses

through -if you have big things in mind

General

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High fatigue strength

In heat-treatable steels, the differ-

ent service properties required for

the individual components, such

as high strength under static and

dynamic stress, toughness and

hardness, are set by way of the

chemical composition and a se-

quence of heat treatment opera-

Spot-on analysis

The strength and toughness of

the base material are determined

by its chemical composition and

the heat treatment it undergoes.

Consequently, the required prop-

erties are already specifically

aimed for when melting the steel.

The facilities in Witten and

Krefeld enable us to achieve a

spot-on, reliably reproducible

chemical composition.

Specific hardenability

By selecting the right alloying ele-

ments, we can specifically adapt

the hardenability of the material

to the geometry of the respective

component.

The most important alloying ele-

ments for heat-treatable steels

are chromium, nickel, molyb-

denum and vanadium. In addition

to unalloyed heat-treatable steels,

we also offer the following alloyed

versions: chromium-alloyed heat-

treatable steels, chromium-

molybdenum heat-treatable

steels, chromium-nickel-molybde-

num heat-treatable steels,

chromium-vanadium heat-treatable

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steels and nickel-chromium-

molybdenum heat-treatable

steels.

Maximum purity

Extremely high purity is achieved

by secondary metallurgical treat-

ment, vertical continuous casting,

or by remelting. Undesirable non-

metallic inclusions are virtually

ruled out.

Highly reliable fine grain

The fine grain of our Thyrofort

grades is achieved in a highly reli-

able and controllable manner by

targeted adjustment of the alu-

minium and nitrogen contents.

No other manufacturer of special

steel can beat the high degree of

macroscopic and microscopic

purity and the homogeneity of the

microstructure of our Thyrofort

steels.

Thyrofort – accurato precise

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tely adaptedrequirements

tions. Additional surface harden-

ing by inductive heating increases

the wear resistance.

Good machinability

The larger the quantity of compo-

nents to be manufactured, the

more important it is for the materi-

al to have good machinability. This

means the cost-effectiveness of

series production is already partly

determined when ordering a spe-

cific steel grade.

The machinability of heat-treated

steels is influenced by the

microstructure, the strength and

the non-metallic inclusions (sul-

phides, oxides).

Further optimisation of the

machinability can be achieved

through increasing the level of

sulphidic inclusions, by calcium

treatment and by heat treatment,

i.e. by specifically adjusting the

microstructure.

Customised heat treatment

Depending on the envisaged ap-

plication and processing, we can

supply you with Thyrofort steel

grades in a wide variety of treated

conditions, e.g. with reduced

hardness or within a given

strength range.

Detailed technical information on

as-delivered conditions and pro-

cessing can be found starting on

Page 66.

Special features

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We’ve got far more thanjust the averageUnalloyed or alloyed

Unalloyed or alloyed heat-

treatable steels – the choice of

material is determined by the na-

ture of the load, the component

geometry and the processing

method.

The unalloyed Thyrofort grades

contain not only manganese, but

also carbon as the main alloying

element. The tensile strength and

yield point rise with increasing

carbon content.

The alloyed steels are character-

ized by greater hardenability and

better resistance to tempering.

Compared to the unalloyed

grades, they offer better through-

hardening, enhanced toughness

and a higher ratio of yield stress

to tensile strength.

Rolled or forged

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld supplies

a wide variety of rolled and forged

products, from bar steel, universal

plate/flat dimensions and semis,

all the way to open-die forgings in

different heat-treated conditions.

Our partners in the steel trade

offer a wide selection of Thyrofort

grades in all standard sizes.

Unmachined or machined

Our strength are steel grades not

only in a variety of hot-formed

products, but also in various pro-

cessing stages. Our processing

operations range from rough-

machining to bright surfaces with

close tolerances, all the way to

ready-to-install components.

Unalloyed

• THYROFORT C22EUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-

motive and mechanical engineering parts

offering good weldability

• THYROFORT C35E• THYROFORT C35RUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-

motive and mechanical engineering parts

Make use of our extensive capa-

bilities and let us act as your

“extended workbench”.

Talk to our specialists about the

individual, tailor-made solution

you require.

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in stock

• THYROFORT Cf35Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-

motive and mechanical engineering parts,

also suitable for surface hardening

• THYROFORT C45E• THYROFORT C45RUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-

motive and mechanical engineering parts,

also suitable for surface hardening

• THYROFORT Cf45Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-

motive and mechanical engineering parts,

also suitable for surface hardening

• THYROFORT Cf53Unalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-

motive and mechanical engineering parts,

also suitable for surface hardening

• THYROFORT C55E• THYROFORT C55RUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-

motive and mechanical engineering parts,

also suitable for surface hardening

• THYROFORT C60E• THYROFORT C60RUnalloyed carbon steel for low-stress auto-

motive and mechanical engineering parts,

for strengths in the region of 700 N/mm2

• THYROFORT 28 Mn 6Mn-alloyed heat-treatable steel for low-stress

automotive and mechanical engineering

parts with adequate weldability

Alloyed

• THYROFORT 46 Cr 2• THYROFORT 46 CrS 2Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for low-stress

automotive and mechanical engineering

parts, as well as for fastening elements

• THYROFORT 34 Cr 4• THYROFORT 34 CrS 4Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for automotive

and mechanical engineering parts, e.g. drive,

axle and steering components

• THYROFORT 34 CrMo 4• THYROFORT 34 CrMoS 4CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high

toughness, for mechanical engineering and

automotive parts, e.g. axle shafts, tyres,

steering stubs, gas cylinders

• THYROFORT 42 CrMo 4• THYROFORT 42 CrMoS 4CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high

toughness, for mechanical engineering and

automotive parts, e.g. spars, connecting

rods, gears, pinions and tyres, as well as for

components for low-temperature applica-

tions

• THYROFORT 50 CrMo 4CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high

toughness, for automotive parts, e.g. rings,

tyres, liners, shafts, axles, steering compo-

nents

• THYROFORT 30 CrMoV 9CrMoV-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high

yield point and toughness, for highly-

stressed parts in general mechanical engi-

neering and for fastening elements, such as

bolt turnbuckles

• THYROFORT 36 CrNiMo 4CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for very

highly-stressed parts in general mechanical

engineering, with good toughness and high

strength, e.g. fastening elements, acces-

sories for oil and gas drilling

• THYROFORT 34 CrNiMo 6CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for

highly-stressed parts in general mechanical

engineering with large cross-sections and

high toughness requirements in the low-tem-

perature range, e.g. axles, drive components,

fastening elements, shafts

• THYROFORT 30 CrNiMo 8CrNiMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for

highly-stressed parts in general mechanical

engineering with large cross-sections and

uniform toughness requirements over the

cross-section, e.g. pinion and turbine shafts

• THYROFORT 36 NiCrMo 16NiCrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel for very

highly-stressed parts in general mechanical

engineering with high tensile and impact

strength, suitable for air and oil hardening ,

e.g. demolition tools, components for oil and

gas extraction

• THYROFORT 37 Cr 4• THYROFORT 37 CrS 4Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for automotive

and mechanical engineering parts, e.g. drive,

axle and steering components

• THYROFORT 41 Cr 4• THYROFORT 41 CrS 4Cr-alloyed heat-treatable steel for automotive

and mechanical engineering parts, e.g. drive,

axle and steering components

• THYROFORT 51 CrV 4CrV-alloyed heat-treatable steel for fairly

large, highly wear-resistant parts

• THYROFORT 25 CrMo 4• THYROFORT 25 CrMoS 4CrMo-alloyed heat-treatable steel with high

toughness and good welding properties, for

mechanical engineering and automotive

parts, e.g. axle shafts, steering stubs, turbine

parts, rotor disks

Steel portraits

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Nothing can take the place of

safety. That’s why it’s advisable

to use Thyrofort steel grades to

manufacture components that are

subject to high demands on safe-

ty – and also on production relia-

bility. Crankshafts, for example,

are exposed to high dynamic

stresses. If the crankshaft of a

Formula 1 engine breaks, that’s

unfortunate and the race is lost. If

the shaft of a ship’s diesel engine

breaks, that’s a disaster and the

ship is incapable of manoeuvring.

Be it extreme short-term loads or

high, constant loads – our high-

strength Thyrofort steel grades

can be exactly adapted to the

stresses involved by way of tar-

geted alloying, hardening and

tempering.

In other words, the “safety ex-

perts” from Witten-Krefeld are the

right choice whenever you can’t

afford to make compromises: for

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Thyrofort – whenever you to make comp

crankshafts in shipbuilding, for

injection systems in marine diesel

engines, for shafts in locomotive

and wagon construction, for

crankshafts, connecting rods,

axles, steering stubs, steering

components and wheel hubs in

truck construction, for landing-

gear and control elements in avia-

tion, for safety couplings and

mast suspension units for aerial

ropeways, for tools in oil and gas

exploration, e.g. drive subs, for

turbine shafts in power stations.

It’s also a job for Thyrofort when-

ever high precision and absolute,

permanent freedom from distor-

tion are required, e.g. in the re-

circulating ball screws and linear

guides of machine tools. And the

Thyrofort “safety experts” are

also the ones who guarantee reli-

able functioning in the high-tech

field: the turbopumps of the

Ariane are made of Thyrofort.

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can’t affordromises …

THYROFORT

Application examples

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THYROFORT

Thyrofort is also the right choice

when things get rough and tough

in the building industry, too. On

the one hand, the chisels of demo-

lition hammers, or the teeth of

excavators and rippers, need to

have the right strength in order not

to break. On the other hand, they

need to be given long-term wear

resistance by way of appropriate

hardening.

The high resistance to pressure

also makes Thyrofort steel grades

ideally safe materials, e.g. for the

manufacture of steel cylinders for

industrial gases and oxygen, as

well as for pipeline construction.

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Thyrofort –

the “safety experts”

from Witten and Krefeld

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We make our own steel, recipes Our own steel production in our

modern steelworks in Witten is

the basis for the purity and homo-

geneity of our heat-treatable

steels. Precisely defined proper-

ties are achieved by means of

exact alloying and process speci-

fications for melting, forming

and heat treatment. The steels

are melted in a 130 t electric arc

furnace.

The metallurgical precision work

is performed in a downstream

ladle furnace of the same size.

Depending on the steel grade and

the dimensions of the end prod-

uct, the steel melted in this way is

cast in ingots or continuous cast

blooms. Over 50 different mould

formats are available for ingot

casting, ranging from 600 kg to

160 t.

The continuous cast blooms are

manufactured in two strands on a

vertical continuous casting ma-

chine in a 475 x 340 mm format.

A remelting steelworks with two

electroslag remelting (ESR) fur-

naces and two vacuum arc re-

tion, and acting as an anti-oxidant

for the melting bath of the new

ingot. In addition, the slag has a

high capacity for absorbing non-

metallic inclusions, which means

that the remelted material is free

of coarse inclusions. The im-

provement in the microscopic

melting (VAR) furnaces is avail-

able in Krefeld for the production

of heat treatable steels involving

particularly stringent demands in

terms of homogeneity of their

microstructure and their purity.

Electroslag remelting process

In the electroslag remelting

process (ESR), which works with

alternating current, a cast or

forged, self-consuming electrode

is immersed in a bath of molten

slag, which serves as an electrical

resistor.

The material to be remelted drips

from the end of the electrode

through the slag and forms the

new ingot in a water-cooled

mould below. The heat dissipa-

tion leads to directional solidifica-

tion in the direction of the longi-

tudinal ingot axis.

The remelting slag fulfils several

functions in this process. On the

one hand, it develops the neces-

sary process heat, while at the

same time supporting chemical

reactions, such as desulphurisa-

EDELSTAHL WITTEN-KREFELD GMBH

THYSSEN KRUPP STAHL AG

Remelting facilities

Scrap

Ladlefurnace

130 t electricarc furnace

Main production routes

Ladle tankdegasser

(VD / VOD)

ESR

VAR

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using reliableand the best ingredients

purity is attributable to desulphur-

isation and the resultant high

degree of sulphidic purity, and

also to a reduction in the size and

quantity of oxidic inclusions.

Thyrofort – consistent

top quality

through process reliability

LSX 25

LSX 55

Products

• As-cast ingots / As-continu-ously-cast bloom material

• Open-die forgingsas-forged or machined

• Forged semis

• Forged round billets for tubemakingas-forged or machined

• Forged bar steelas-forged or machined

• Machined tool steelforged or rolled

• Rolled semis

• Rolled tube roundsas-rolled or peeled

• Rolled bar steelas-rolled or machined

• Universal plate and flats

• Special products

got casting

uous bloom caster

5 x 340 mm,2 strands

Blooming-slabbing mill

33 MN press

Long forgingmachines

Machining

Finishingdepartments,forging shops

Finishingdepartments,rolling mills

Peeling machines

As-forged

As-rolled

Untreated

Blooming/billet/large-sizebar rolling mill

Heattreatmentfacilities

Steel production

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Thyrofort – madeyour “extended workbench”Vacuum arc remelting process

The vacuum arc remelting (VAR)

process works with cast or

forged, self-consuming elec-

trodes in a vacuum.

Using an electric arc in a vacuum,

a melting bath is generated in a

copper crucible, which acts as

the opposite pole to the remelting

electrode and is connected to a

DC voltage source via current

contacts.

A new ingot is formed from the

liquefied electrode material drop

by drop in a continuous process.

In the VAR process, refinement of

the steel is brought about by the

reaction of the oxygen dissolved

in the steel with the carbon in the

molten material under the effect

of the vacuum. This results in the

best possible degree of micro-

scopic oxidic purity and freedom

from macroscopic inclusions. As

no desulphurisation takes place

during this remelting process, the

lowest possible sulphur content

has to be set prior to remelting, in

order also to meet the most strin-

gent demands on the degree of

sulphidic purity. Moreover, this

process guarantees the lowest

possible quantities of dissolved

gases in the steel and a homo-

geneous microstructure free of

segregation.

Hot forming and finishing

The blooming mill in Witten pro-

duces semi-finished products,

steel bars and universal plate/flat

dimensions. Two modern finishing

lines for checking the inner and

outer surface condition, as well

as the dimensions and identity,

are available for rolled and forged

products and steel bars. The

forge is equipped with a 33 MN

press, a GFM LSX 55 horizontal

long forging machine and a GFM

LSX 25 long forging machine.

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-to-measure work from

parts. We put extensive consult-

ing know-how and modern ma-

chining facilities at the disposal

of our customers.

After straightening, rolled or

forged bar steel and round billets

up to 300 mm diameter for tube-

making can be peeled, pressure

polished and chamfered in

Krefeld and Witten. Rotationally

symmetrical parts with a piece

weight of up to 20 tonnes are

manufactured in Krefeld on con-

ventional and modern CNC lathes

and grinding machines. The key

production fields are shafts, cylin-

ders and rolls for continuous

casting.

Machining

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld offers

not only an optimum material in

various forms, but also pre-

machined and ready-to-install

Our facilities

pay off for you

Steel processing

Page 18: Heat-treatable steels

Depending on the type and quan-

tity of the alloying element added,

certain specific properties can be

attained. Chromium improves

hardenability and through-

hardening by reducing the critical

cooling rate needed for the

formation of martensite. Nickel

also improves through-hardening

and, at the same time, increases

the absorbed energy per cross-

sectional area at low tempera-

tures. Molybdenum is used in

conjunction with other alloying

elements to increase the 0.2 %

proof stress and tensile strength

while decreasing the tendency to

tempering brittleness.

A vanadium content of approx.

0.10% improves tempering resis-

tance and reduces sensitivity to

overheating during hardening.

Boron-alloyed steels

The development of cheaper

steels by saving on expensive

alloying elements has led to

increasing use of heat-treatable

boron-alloyed steels. The use of

these steels for fastening ele-

ments is already state-of-the-art

today.

Boron-alloyed steels are already

being used as standard materials

for special solid, heat-treated

parts, like excavator teeth, axle

parts, rotors, etc. Efforts are

being made nationally and inter-

nationally to standardize these

heat-treatable steels for general

application. These steels can be

supplied on request, provided

that certain minimum order quan-

tities are observed.

Table 1 shows an overview of the

grades of heat-treatable steels

dealt with in this catalogue, while

Tables 2 and 3 provide an over-

view of the chemical composi-

tions.

Unalloyed steels

Apart from carbon, unalloyed

steels contain manganese as the

main alloying element.

The steels listed in Tables 1 and 2

are given in the order of increas-

ing carbon content and comply

with European Standard DIN EN

10083, Part 1 – “Heat-Treatable

Steels” (1996 edition) or DIN

17212 – “Steels for Flame and

Induction Hardening” (August

1972 edition).

Alloyed steels

Apart from carbon and manga-

nese, alloyed steels contain other

alloying elements. The most

important of these are chromium,

nickel, molybdenum and vana-

dium.

The steels given in Tables 1 and

3, in the order of their alloy com-

position, Cr, Cr–V, Cr–Mo,

Cr–Mo–V, Cr–Ni–Mo, Ni-Cr-Mo,

correspond to European Standard

DIN EN 10083, Part 1, or DIN

17201 - “Forgings and Forged

Bars of Heat-Treatable Steels”.

18

Overview of grades andchemical compositions

Page 19: Heat-treatable steels

Page 24 – 25 Thyrofort C 22 E 1.1151 C22E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Page 26 – 27 Thyrofort C 35 E 1.1181 C35E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Thyrofort C 35 R 1.1180 C35R DIN EN 10083

Thyrofort Cf 35 1.1183 – DIN 17212

Page 28 – 29 Thyrofort C 45 E 1.1191 C45E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Thyrofort C 45 R 1.1201 C45R DIN EN 10083

Thyrofort Cf 45 1.1193 – DIN 17212

Page 30 – 31 Thyrofort Cf 53 1.1213 – DIN 17212

Page 32 – 33 Thyrofort C 55 E 1.1203 C55E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Thyrofort C 55 R 1.1209 C55R DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Page 34 – 35 Thyrofort C 60 E 1.1221 C60E DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Thyrofort C 60 R 1.1223 C60R DIN EN 10083

Page 36 – 37 Thyrofort 28 Mn 6 1.1170 28Mn6 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Page 38 – 39 Thyrofort 46 Cr 2 1.7006 46Cr2 DIN EN 10083

Thyrofort 46 CrS 2 1.7025 46CrS2 DIN EN 10083

Page 40 – 41 Thyrofort 34 Cr 4 1.7033 34Cr4 DIN EN 10083

Thyrofort 34 CrS 4 1.7037 34CrS4 DIN EN 10083

Page 42 – 43 Thyrofort 37 Cr 4 1.7034 37Cr4 DIN EN 10083

Thyrofort 37 CrS 4 1.7038 37CrS4 DIN EN 10083

Page 44 – 45 Thyrofort 41 Cr 4 1.7035 41Cr4 DIN EN 10083

Thyrofort 41 CrS 4 1.7039 41CrS4 DIN EN 10083

Page 46 – 47 Thyrofort 51 CrV 4 1.8159 51CrV4 DIN EN 10083

Page 48 – 49 Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4 1.7218 25CrMo4 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4 1.7213 25CrMoS4 DIN EN 10083

Page 50 – 51 Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4 1.7220 34CrMo4 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4 1.7226 34CrMoS4 DIN EN 10083

Page 52 – 53 Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4 1.7225 42CrMo4 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4 1.7227 42CrMoS4 DIN EN 10083

Page 54 – 55 Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4 1.7228 50CrMo4 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Page 56 – 57 Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 9 1.7707 – DIN E 17201

Page 58 – 59 Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4 1.6511 36CrNiMo4 DIN EN 10083

Page 60 – 61 Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6 1.6582 34CrNiMo6 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Page 62 – 63 Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8 1.6580 30CrNiMo8 DIN EN 10083 / DIN E 17201

Page 64 – 65 Thyrofort 36 NiCrMo 16 1.6773 36NiCrMo16 DIN EN 10083

Unallo

yed steels

Allo

yed steels

Grades Material No. Code name acc. Standardized into EN 10083

Overview of grades, Table 1

19

Technical information

Page 20: Heat-treatable steels

Thyrofort C 22 E

Thyrofort C 35 E

Thyrofort C 35 R

Thyrofort Cf 351

Thyrofort C 45 E

Thyrofort C 45 R

Thyrofort Cf 451

Thyrofort Cf 531

Thyrofort C 55 E

Thyrofort C 55 R

Thyrofort C 60 E

Thyrofort C 60 R

Thyrofort 28 Mn 6

Thyrofort 46 Cr 2

Thyrofort 46 CrS 2

Thyrofort 34 Cr 4

Thyrofort 34 CrS 4

Thyrofort 37 Cr 4

Thyrofort 37 CrS 4

Thyrofort 41 Cr 4

Thyrofort 41 CrS 4

Thyrofort 51 CrV 4

Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4

Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4

Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4

Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4

Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4

Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4

Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4

Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 91

Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4

Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6

Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8

Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo16

Table 3: Alloyed steels - Steel grades and chemical composition (ladle analysis) 1To DIN E 17201

Steel grade Chemical composition to DIN EN 10083, except1 (% by weight)

Code DIN EN Mate- C Si Mn P max. S Cr Mo Ni V

name 10083 rial no.

46Cr2

46CrS2

34Cr4

34CrS4

37Cr4

37CrS4

41Cr4

41CrS4

51CrV4

25CrMo4

25CrMoS4

34CrMo4

34CrMoS4

42CrMo4

42CrMoS4

50CrMo4

36CrNiMo4

34CrNiMo6

30CrNiMo8

36CrNiMo16

1.7006

1.7025

1.7033

1.7037

1.7034

1.7038

1.7035

1.7039

1.8159

1.7218

1.7213

1.7220

1.7226

1.7225

1.7227

1.7228

1.7707

1.6511

1.6582

1.6580

1.6773

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.50–0.80

0.60–0.90

0.60–0.90

0.60–0.90

0.70–1.10

0.60–0.90

0.60–0.90

0.60–0.90

0.50–0.80

0.40–0.70

0.50–0.80

0.50–0.80

0.30–0.60

0.30–0.60

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

0.035

max. 0.035

max. 0.035

max. 0.035

max. 0.025

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.035

0.030

0.40–0.60

0.90–1.20

0.90–1.20

0.90–1.20

0.90–1.20

0.90–1.20

0.90–1.20

0.90–1.20

0.90–1.20

2.30–2.70

0.90–1.20

1.30–1.70

1.80–2.20

1.60–2.00

0.15–0.30

0.15–0.30

0.15–0.30

0.15–0.30

0.15–0.25

0.15–0.30

0.15–0.30

0.30–0.50

0.25–0.45

0.10–0.20

0.42–0.50

0.30–0.37

0.34–0.41

0.38–0.45

0.47–0.55

0.22–0.29

0.30–0.37

0.38–0.45

0.46–0.54

0.26–0.34

0.32–0.40

0.30–0.38

0.26–0.34

0.32–0.39

< 0.60

0.90–1.20

1.30–1.70

1.80–2.20

3.60–4.10

20

Table 2: Unalloyed steels - Steel grades and chemical composition (ladle analysis) 1To DIN 17212

Steel grade Chemical composition to DIN EN 10083, except1 (% by weight)

Code DIN EN Mate- C Si Mn P max. S Cr Mo Ni Cr+Mo+

name 10083 rial No. Ni max.

C22E

C35E

C35R

C45E

C45R

C55E

C55R

C60E

C60R

28Mn6

1.1151

1.1181

1.1180

1.1183

1.1191

1.1201

1.1193

1.1213

1.1203

1.1209

1.1221

1.1223

1.1170

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

0.15–0.35

max. 0.40

0.15–0.35

0.15–0.35

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40–0.70

0.50–0.80

0.50–0.80

0.50–0.80

0.50–0.80

0.40–0.70

0.60–0.90

0.60–0.90

1.30–1.65

max. 0.035

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

max. 0.035

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

0.020–0.040

max. 0.035

0.035

0.035

0.025

0.035

0.025

0.025

0.035

0.035

0.035

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.10

max. 0.10

max. 0.10

max. 0.10

max. 0.10

max. 0.10

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.17–0.24

0.32–0.39

0.33–0.39

0.42–0.50

0.43–0.49

0.50–0.57

0.52–0.60

0.57–0.65

0.25–0.32

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

max. 0.40

Page 21: Heat-treatable steels

N/mm2

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

C22

E

C35

E

C45

E

C55

E

C60

28M

n6

46C

r2

34C

r4; 2

5CrM

o4

37C

r4

41C

r4; 3

4CrM

o4

36 N

iCrM

o 16

42C

rMo4

; 50C

rMo4

51C

rV4;

36C

rNiM

o4

34C

rNiM

o6

30C

rNiM

o8

Min

imu

m 0

.2%

pro

of

stre

ss a

nd

ten

sile

str

enth

ran

ge

For a ruling heat treatment diameter ofd ≤16 mm

Min

imu

m 0

.2%

pro

of

stre

ss a

nd

ten

sile

str

enth

ran

ge

N/mm2

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

C22

E

C35

E

C45

E

28M

n6

C55

E

C60

E

46C

r2

34C

r4

25C

rMo4

37C

r4

34C

rMo4

41C

r4

42C

rMo4

50C

rMo4

36C

rNiM

o4

36N

iCrM

o16

34C

rNiM

o6

30C

rMoV

9

30C

rNiM

o8

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 16 mm < d ≤ 40 mm

N/mm2

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

C22

E

C35

E

C45

E

46C

r2

C55

E

28M

n6

25C

rMo4

C60

E

34C

rMo4

37C

r4

34C

rMo4

41C

r4

42C

rMo4

34C

rNiM

o6

36N

iCrM

o16

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 40 mm < d ≤ 100 mm

Min

imu

m 0

.2%

pro

of

stre

ss a

nd

ten

sile

str

enth

ran

ge

36N

iCrM

o4; 5

1CrV

4;50

CrM

o4

30C

rMoV

9; 3

0CrN

iMo8

The choice of a suitable heat-

treatable steel is often determined

by the required minimum yield

point or tensile strength.

The following overview (Figs. 1a-h)

shows the minimum 0.2% proof

stress values and the tensile

strength ranges in hardened and

tempered condition for the heat

treatment diameters standardized

in DIN EN 10083. These figures

are valid for the sample positions

described in Fig. 10 (page 71).

Overview of minimum 0.2% proof stresses and tensile strength ranges

Figs. 1a - h :Overview of minimum 0.2% proof stress

and tensile strength ranges of EWK heat-treatable steels in quenched and tempered

condition for various diameter ranges

21

Technical information

a)

b)

c)

Page 22: Heat-treatable steels

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of 100 mm < d ≤ 160 mm

Min

imu

m 0

.2%

pro

of

stre

ss a

nd

ten

sile

str

enth

ran

ge

N/mm2

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

C22

E

C35

E

C45

E

28M

n6

C55

E

C60

E

25C

rMo4

34C

rMo4

42C

rMo4

36C

rNiM

o4

50C

rMo4

; 51C

rV4

34C

rNiM

o6

30C

rMoV

9; 3

6NiC

rMo1

6;30

CrN

iMo8

51C

rV4;

34C

rNiM

o6

30C

rMoV

9;30

CrN

iMo8

Min

imu

m 0

.2%

pro

of

stre

ss a

nd

ten

sile

str

enth

ran

ge

N/mm2

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

C22

E

C35

E

C45

E

C55

E

28M

n6

C60

E

25C

rMo4

34C

rMo4

42C

rMo4

36C

rNiM

o4

50C

rMo4

36N

iCrM

o16

For a ruling heat treatment diameterof 160 mm < d ≤ 250 mm

Min

imu

m 0

.2%

pro

of

stre

ss a

nd

ten

sile

str

enth

ran

ge

N/mm2

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

C22

E

C35

E

C45

E

C55

E

28M

n6

C60

E

25C

rMo4

34C

rMo4

42C

rMo4

30C

rMoV

9

30C

rNiM

o8

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of250 mm < d ≤ 500 mm

34C

rNiM

o6;

50C

rMo4

Min

imu

m 0

.2%

pro

of

stre

ss a

nd

ten

sile

str

enth N/mm2

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

42C

rMo4

50C

rMo4

34C

rNiM

o6

30C

rNiM

o8

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of500 mm < d ≤ 750 mm

Min

imu

m 0

.2%

pro

of

stre

ss a

nd

ten

sile

str

enth

N/mm2

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

34C

rNiM

o6

30C

rNiM

o8

For a ruling heat treatment diameter of750 mm < d ≤ 1000 mm

22

Mindeststreckgrenze

Zugfestigkeitsbereich

d)

e)

f)

g)

h)

Minimum 0.2% proof stress

Tensile strength range

Page 23: Heat-treatable steels

23

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld –heat-treatable steel, the

way you need it.Wherever you may be.

THYROFORTTHYROFORT

THYROFORT

THYROFORTTHYROFORT

THYROFORT

Edelstahl Witten-Krefeld –heat-treatable steel, the

way you need it.Wherever you may be.

Page 24: Heat-treatable steels

C

0.17 � 0.24

Si

≤0.40

Mn

0.40 � 0.70

P

≤0.035

S

≤0.035

Cr

≤0.40

Mo

≤0.10

Ni

≤0.40

Cr+Mo+Ni

≤0.63

Normalising

880 � 920

Hardening

860 � 900

Quenching medium

Water

Tempering

550 � 660

THYROFORT® C 22 E

Material No.

1.1151

Code

C22E

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Typical analysis in %

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatment

Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100

> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000

240210210

�230220210200

430410410

�410 � 530410 � 530410 � 530410 � 530

242525

�27262524

340290�

260220220210�

500 � 650470 � 620

450 � 600410 � 540410 � 540410 � 540

2022�

24262625�

5050�

�����

5050�

45404035�

To DIN E 17201

Temperatures in °C

24

Page 25: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® C 22 ETempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0450 550 650

100

80

60

40

20

0

Z

Rm

Rp 0,2

A

Anlasstemperatur oCB

ruch

deh

nung

A u

nd B

ruch

eins

chnü

rung

Z in

%

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm

in N

/mm

2

25

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Page 26: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® C 35 E / C 35 R / Cf 35

1

5848

2

5740

3

5533

4

5324

5

4922

6

4120

7

34�

8

31�

9

28�

10

27�

11

26�

13

25�

15

24�

20

23�

25

20�

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

870

Normalising

860 � 900

Hardening

840 � 880

Quenching medium

Water or oil

Tempering

550 � 660

Material No.

1.1181

Code

C35E

Material No.

1.1180

Code

C35R

Material No.

1.1183

Code

Cf35*

C

0.32�0.390.32�0.39

0.33�0.39

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

0.15�0.35

Mn

0.50�0.800.50�0.80

0.50�0.80

P

≤0.035≤0.035

≤0.025

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

≤0.035

Cr

≤0.40≤0.40

Mo

≤0.10≤0.10

Ni

≤0.40≤0.40

Cr+Mo+Ni

≤0.63≤0.63

C35E C35R

Cf35

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

max.min.

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000

300270270245245

���

240

550520520500500

���

490 � 610

1819191919

���20

430380320��

290290270�

630 � 780600 � 750550 � 700

��

490 � 640490 � 640490 � 640

171920��

222221�

404550��

����

353535��

313125�

To DIN E 17201 (Ck35)

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

*To DIN 17212

Distance from quenched end in mm

Temperatures in °C

To DIN 17212

26

Page 27: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC3

AC1

A

MS

M

HV 10

B

PF

3030

20

40 45

505055

4555

454060

406070

3060

15

6085

3 35

322

294

267

294 253

236

236

236205

201

196

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® C 35 E / C 35 R / Cf 35

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0450 550 650

Z

Rp 0,2

Rm

A

100

80

60

40

20

0

Anlasstemperatur oC

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Tempering diagram

Typical values for60 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

27

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

Page 28: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® C 45 E / C 45 R / Cf 45

1.5

6255

3

6137

5

5728

7

4426

9

3424

11

3222

13

3121

15

3020

20

29�

25

28�

30

27�

35

��

40

��

45

��

50

��

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

840 � 880

Hardening

820 � 860

Quenching medium

Water or oil

Tempering

550 � 660

Material No.

1.1191

Code

C45E

Material No.

1.1201

Code

C45R

Material No.

1.1193

Code

Cf45*

C

0.42�0.500.42�0.50

0.43�0.49

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

0.15�0.35

Mn

0.50�0.800.50�0.80

0.50�0.80

P

≤0.035≤0.035

≤0.025

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

≤0.035

Cr

≤0.40≤0.40

≤0.40

Mo

≤0.10≤0.10

Ni

≤0.40≤0.40

Cr+Mo+Ni

≤0.63≤0.63

C45EC45R

Cf45

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

max.min.

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000

340305305275275

��

300290

620580580560560

��

590 � 720590 � 720

1416161616

��1515

490430370��

340340320�

700 � 850650 � 800630 � 780

��

590 � 740590 � 740590 � 740

141617��

181817�

354045��

����

252525��

222220�

To DIN E 17201 (Ck45)

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 207

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Temperatures in °C

*To DIN 17212

Distance from quenched end in mm

To DIN 17212

28

Page 29: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC3

AC1A

MS

M

HV

7075

60

15

B30

5

35 4065F

P55

45

80

5

45 3060

254 244 135 223 220 216 210

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® C 45 E / C 45 R / Cf 45

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0450 550 650

Z

R

Rp 0,2

A

100

80

60

40

20

0

Anlasstemperatur oC

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 60 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

29

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

Page 30: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® Cf 53

Normalising

830 � 860

Hardening

805 � 845

Quenching medium

Water or oil

Tempering

550 � 660

Material No.

1.1213

Code

Cf53*

C

0.50�0.57

Si

0.15�0.35

Mn

0.40�0.70

P

≤0.025

S

≤0.035

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100

�340340

�610 � 760610 � 760

�1616

510430400

740 � 880690 � 830640 � 780

121415

253540

���

Temperatures in °C

*To DIN 17212

30

Page 31: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC3

AC1A

MS

M

HV 10

9897

96 95 90 95 80 75 70 70 65 65

FP

11

13

2

3 4 510 15 20 25 30 30 35 35

772 772 322 264 245 236 228 213 206 193 187 187 176 170

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® Cf 53

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

31

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

Page 32: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® C 55 E / C 55 R

1.5

6558

3

6455

5

6033

7

5231

9

3729

11

3527

13

3426

15

3325

20

3224

25

3022

30

2920

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

830

Normalising

825 � 865

Hardening

805 � 845

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

550 � 660

Material No.

1.1203

Code

C55E

Material No.

1.1209

Code

C55R

C

0.52�0.600.52�0.60

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.60�0.900.60�0.90

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

≤0.40≤0.40

Mo

≤0.10≤0.10

Ni

≤0.40≤0.40

Cr+Mo+Ni

≤0.63≤0.63

C55EC55R

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

max.min.

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000

370330330300300

��

320300

680640640620620

��

640 � 800640 � 800

1112121212

��1514

550490420��

390360330�

800 � 950750 � 900700 � 850

��

660 � 810630 � 780630 � 780

121415��

161716�

303540��

����

�����

����

To DIN E 17201 (Ck53)

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 229

32

Page 33: Heat-treatable steels

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0450 550 650

Z

A

Rm

Rp 0,2

100

80

60

40

20

0

Anlasstemperatur oC

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC3

AC1A

MS

M

HV 10

85 80 70

98

97 96 95 9075 70 65 65P3

5 1015 20 25 30 30 35 35 F

12

4

31

1

772 772 322 264 245 236 228 213 206 193 187 187 176 170

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® C 55 E / C 55 RTempering diagram

Typical values for 60 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

33

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

Page 34: Heat-treatable steels

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

830

Normalising

820 � 860

Hardening

800 � 840

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

550 � 660

Material No.

1.1221

Code

C60E

Material No.

1.1223

Code

C60R

C

0.57�0.650.57�0.65

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.60�0.900.60�0.90

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

≤0.40≤0.40

Mo

≤0.10≤0.10

Ni

≤0.40≤0.40

Cr+Mo+Ni

≤0.63≤0.63

C60EC60R

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

1.5

6760

3

6550

5

6235

7

5432

9

3930

11

3628

13

3527

15

3426

20

3325

25

3123

30

3021

max.min.

THYROFORT® C 60 E / C 60 R

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

To DIN E 17201

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 241

Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000

380340340310310

��

340330

710670670650650

��

680 � 860680 � 860

1011111111

��1312

580520450��

390390350�

850 � 1000800 � 950750 � 900

��

690 � 840690 � 840690 � 840

111314��

151514�

253035��

����

�����

����

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

34

Page 35: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® C 60 E / C 60 R

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0450 550 650

Z

Rm

Rp 0,2

A

100

80

60

40

20

0

Anlasstemperatur oC

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

A

MS

M

HV 10

B

5

P

F

20

57 10 12 15 25

95 93 90 88 8575

787

528 269 187229

227

247

242

AC3

AC1

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Härtewerte

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 60 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

35

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

Page 36: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 28 Mn 6

1.5

5445

5448

5145

3

5342

5346

4942

5

5137

5142

4637

7

4827

4834

4127

9

4421

4430

3521

11

41�

4127

32�

13

38�

3824

29�

15

35�

3521

26�

20

31�

31�

22�

25

29�

29�

20�

30

27�

27�

��

35

26�

26�

��

40

25�

25�

��

45

25�

25�

��

50

24�

24�

��

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

850 � 890

Hardening

830 � 870

Quenching medium

Water or oil

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.1170

Code

28Mn6

C

0.25�0.32

Si

≤0.40

Mn

1.30�1.65

P

≤0.035

S

≤0.035

Cr

≤0.40

Mo

≤0.10

Ni

≤0.40

Cr+Mo+Ni

≤0.63

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

To DIN E 17201

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 223

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

36

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions Quenched and tempered Q + TNormalised N

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100

>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500

345310290

���

630680590

���

171818

���

590490440

390390340

800 � 950700 � 850650 � 800

590 � 740590 � 740540 � 690

131516

181819

404550

���

354040

���

Page 37: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC3

AC1

A

MS

M

HV 10

1020

2

45

45

45

B

70

1568 10

55 55

45

FP

55

45 4545

4555 55 55

514

488 464 274 221 187 180 176 170 176 165 156

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 28 Mn 6Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

37

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 38: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 46 Cr 2 / 46 CrS 2

63 61 59 57 53 47 42 39 36 33 32 31 30 29 29

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

840 � 880

Hardening

820 � 860

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.7006

Code

46Cr2

C

0.42�0.500.42�0.50

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.50�0.800.50�0.80

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

0.40�0.600.40�0.60

Mo

��

Ni

��

46Cr246CrS2

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Material No.

1.7025

Code

46CrS2

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100

650550400

900 � 1100800 � 950650 � 800

121415

354045

303535

1.5 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

54 49 40 32 28 25 23 22 20 � � � � � �

63 61 59 57 53 47 42 39 36 33 32 31 30 29 2957 53 46 40 36 32 29 28 25 22 21 20 � � �

60 57 53 49 45 40 36 32 31 28 27 26 25 25 2454 49 40 32 28 25 23 22 20 � � � � � �

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Treated forshearing S

HB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 223

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

38

Page 39: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 46 Cr 2 / 46 CrS 2

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC3

AC1A

MS

M

HV 10

80

5

B45 7

F

P10

1065

35

6565

35

657087

53

3 15364

335

11

203530

595

592 488 393 347 303 232 221 206 183 178 176 172

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

A

Z

Rp 0,2

Rm

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 60 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

39

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 40: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 34 Cr 4 / 34 CrS 4

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

850 � 890

Hardening

830 � 870

Quenching medium

Water or oil

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.7033

Code

34Cr4

C

0.30�0.370.30�0.37

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.60�0.900.60�0.90

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

0.90�1.200.90�1.20

Mo

��

Ni

��

34Cr434CrS4

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Material No.

1.7037

Code

34CrS4

1.5

5749

5752

5449

3

5748

5751

5448

5

5645

5649

5245

7

5441

5445

5041

9

5235

5241

4635

11

4932

4938

4332

13

4629

4635

4029

15

4427

4433

3827

20

3923

3928

3423

25

3721

3726

3221

30

3520

3525

3020

35

34�

3424

29�

40

33�

3323

28�

45

32�

3222

27�

50

31�

3121

26�

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100

700590460

900 � 1100800 � 950700 � 850

121415

354045

354040

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 223

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

40

Page 41: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC1

AC3

A

M

MS

HV 10

3

35

8

9092

94

92

B

550 498 366 334 297 291294

253 219 212 206196

189

20

87

3F P

3 5 15 20 25 30 30 35

8580 75 70 70 65

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 34 Cr 4 / 34 CrS 4

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Z

A

Rp 0,2S

trec

kgre

nze

Rp

0,2

und

Zug

fest

igke

it R

m in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

41

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 42: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 37 Cr 4 / 37 CrS 4

1.5

5951

5954

5651

3

5950

5953

5650

5

5848

5851

5548

7

5744

5748

5344

9

5539

5544

5039

11

5236

5241

4736

13

5033

5039

4433

15

4831

4837

4231

20

4226

4231

3726

25

3924

3929

3424

30

3722

3727

3222

35

3620

3625

3120

40

35�

3524

30�

45

34�

3423

29�

50

33�

3322

29�

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

845 � 885

Hardening

825 � 865

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.7034

Code

37Cr4

C

0.34�0.410.34�0.41

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.60�0.900.60�0.90

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

0.90�1.200.90�1.20

Mo

��

Ni

��

37Cr437CrS4

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Material No.

1.7038

Code

37CrS4

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100

750630510

950 � 1150850 � 1000750 � 900

111314

354040

303535

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 235

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

42

Page 43: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 37 Cr 4 / 37 CrS 4

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC3

AC1

MS

A

M

HV 10

10

30

315

70

B

95 57

F P

1585

25

75

30 30

7070

613 554 390 360 330 245 232 221 210627

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

43

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 44: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 41 Cr 4 / 41 CrS 4

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

840 � 880

Hardening

820 � 860

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.7035

Code

41Cr4

C

0.38�0.450.38�0.45

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.60�0.900.60�0.90

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

0.90�1.200.90�1.20

Mo

��

Ni

��

41Cr441CrS4

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Material No.

1.7039

Code

41CrS4

1.5

6153

6156

5853

3

6152

6155

5852

5

6050

6053

5750

7

5947

5951

5547

9

5841

5847

5241

11

5637

5643

5037

13

5434

5441

4734

15

5232

5239

4532

20

4629

4635

4029

25

4226

4231

3726

30

4023

4029

3423

35

3821

3827

3221

40

37�

3726

31�

45

36�

3625

30�

50

35�

3524

29�

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100

800660560

1000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 1950

111214

303540

303535

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 241

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

44

Page 45: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0100 101 102 103 104 105 106

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102

AC3

AC1

M

MS

A

HV 10

85 808020

802015

90

10

90

B

FP

3075 92

3

5

5

10

629 579 263 236 215 210 206510 428 293312

20

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 41 Cr 4 / 41 CrS 4

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

AStr

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

45

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 46: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 51 CrV 4

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

840 � 880

Hardening

820 � 860

Quenching medium

Oil

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.8159

Code

51CrV4

C

0.47�0.55

Si

≤0.40

Mn

0.70�1.10

P

≤0.035

S

≤0.035

Cr

0.90�1.20

Mo

Ni

V

0.10�0.25

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

1.5

6557

6560

6257

3

6556

6559

6256

5

6456

6459

6156

7

6455

6458

6155

9

6353

6356

6053

11

6352

6356

5952

13

6350

6354

5950

15

6248

6253

5748

20

6244

6250

5644

25

6241

6248

5541

30

6137

6145

5337

35

6035

6043

5235

40

6034

6043

5134

45

5933

5942

5033

50

5832

5841

4932

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

900800700650600

1100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001850 � 10001800 � 1950

910121313

4045505050

3030303030

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 248

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

46

Page 47: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0100 101 102 103 104 105 106

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102

AC1

AC3

M

Ms

A

HV 10

20

Zw

F

P

3 8

3

90 90 95

33 3

3

387 356309

273 249606 613 576637 336244

233

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 51 CrV 4

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

47

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 48: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 25 CrMo 4 / 25 CrMoS 4

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

860 � 900

Hardening

840 � 880

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.7218

Code

25CrMo4

C

0.22�0.290.22�0.29

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.60�0.900.60�0.90

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

0.90�1.200.90�1.20

Mo

0.15�0.300.15�0.30

Ni

��

25CrMo425CrMoS4

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Material No.

1.7213

Code

25CrMoS4

1.5

5244

5247

4944

3

5243

5246

4943

5

5140

5144

4740

7

5037

5041

4637

9

4834

4839

4334

11

4632

4637

4132

13

4329

4334

3829

15

4127

4132

3627

20

3723

3728

3223

25

3521

3526

3021

30

3320

3324

2920

35

32�

3223

28�

40

31�

3122

27�

45

31�

3122

27�

50

31�

3122

27�

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160

>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500

700600450400

400380

900 � 1100800 � 1950700 � 1850650 � 1800

650 � 1800600 � 1750

12141516

1718

50556060

��

45505045

4538

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 212

To DIN E 17201

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

48

Page 49: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0100 101 102 103 104 105 106

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102

AC1

AC3

MS

A

B

M

HV 10

30

3

87

F

P

85

9070 55

100 87 95

40

M

5 1010

2050 55 55 55 55

45454545

35

15

301510

229188

366 332 257273 217 160464 163297

233 171 170

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 25 CrMo 4 / 25 CrMoS 4

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

49

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 50: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 34 CrMo 4 / 34 CrMoS 4

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

850 � 890

Hardening

830 � 870

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.7220

Code

34CrMo4

C

0.30�0.370.30�0.37

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.60�0.900.60�0.90

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

0.90�1.200.90�1.20

Mo

0.15 � 0.300.15 � 0.30

Ni

��

34CrMo434CrMoS4

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Material No.

1.7226

Code

34CrMoS4

1.5

5749

5752

5449

3

5749

5752

5449

5

5748

5751

5448

7

5645

5649

5245

9

5542

5546

5142

11

5439

5444

4939

13

5336

5342

4736

15

5234

5240

4634

20

4830

4836

4230

25

4528

4534

3928

30

4327

4332

3827

35

4126

4131

3626

40

4025

4030

3525

45

4024

4029

3524

50

3924

3929

3424

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>250 ≤ 500

800650550500450

410

1000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 19501750 � 19001700 � 1850

650 � 1800

1112141515

16

4550555560

3540454540

33

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 223

To DIN E 17201

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

50

Page 51: Heat-treatable steels

100 101 102

0 2 410 101 10 10 10

100 10 102 10 10 105 1061 3 4

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

AC3

AC1

M

A

MS

HV 10

45

90

B

F

8592 90

70

89

30 40 45

5555

55

15

3

5

5

845

55

3

3

P

295574 353 281597 435 283 231 200231 187 193321

Tem

per

atur

ino C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 34 CrMo 4 / 34 CrMoS 4

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

51

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 52: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 42 CrMo 4 / 42 CrMoS 4

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

840 � 880

Hardening

820 � 860

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.7225

Code

42CrMo4

C

0.38�0.450.38�0.45

Si

≤0.40≤0.40

Mn

0.60�0.900.60�0.90

P

≤0.035≤0.035

S

≤0.0350.020�0.040

Cr

0.90�1.200.90�1.20

Mo

0.15 � 0.300.15 � 0.30

Ni

��

42CrMo442CrMoS4

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Material No.

1.7227

Code

42CrMoS4

1.5

6153

6156

5853

3

6153

6156

5853

5

6152

6155

5852

7

6051

6054

5751

9

6049

6052

5649

11

5943

5948

5443

13

5940

5946

5340

15

5837

5844

5137

20

5634

5641

4934

25

5332

5339

4632

30

5131

5138

4431

35

4830

4836

4230

40

4730

4736

4130

45

4629

4635

4029

50

4529

4534

4029

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤ 750

900750650550500

460390

1100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 19501750 � 1900

1700 � 18501600 � 1750

1011121314

1516

4045505055

��

3035353535

2722

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

max. 255

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 241

To DIN E 17201

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

52

Page 53: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0100 101 102 103 104 105

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102

106

AC1

AC3

M

MS

A

HV 10

3015

15

B

F

1090 95

92

3 10 257075

5

70

20

P1

3565

99

575

342566 496 293599 311 239 206446 314 213 197286

85

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 42 CrMo 4 / 42 CrMoS 4

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

53

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 54: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 50 CrMo 4

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

840 � 880

Hardening

820 � 860

Quenching medium

Oil

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.7228

Code

50CrMo4

C

0.46�0.54

Si

≤0.40

Mn

0.50�0.80

P

≤0.035

S

≤0.035

Cr

0.90�1.20

Mo

0.15 � 0.30

Ni

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

1.5

6558

6560

6358

3

6558

6560

6358

5

6457

6459

6257

7

6455

6458

6155

9

6354

6357

6054

11

6353

6356

6053

13

6351

6355

5951

15

6248

6253

5748

20

6145

6150

5645

25

6041

6047

5441

30

5839

5845

5239

35

5738

5744

5138

40

5537

5543

4937

45

5436

5442

4836

50

5436

5442

4836

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤ 750

900780700650550

540490

1100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001850 � 10001800 � 1950

1750 � 19001700 � 1850

910121313

1415

4045505050

��

3030303030

2015

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

See condition A

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 248

To DIN E 17201

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

54

Page 55: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0100 101 102 103 104 105

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102

106

AC1

AC3

M

MS

A

HV 10

10

10

B

F

580 90 15

3 9090

9087

5

82

P5

92

3

30

95

404599 568635 366243

505 339 255 227325329 285

13 8

1010

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 50 CrMo 4

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

55

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 56: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 30 CrMoV 9

1.5

5648

5651

5448

3

5648

5651

5448

5

5647

5650

5447

7

5647

5650

5347

9

5646

5650

5346

11

5646

5649

5246

13

5545

5548

5245

15

5544

5548

5244

20

5441

5445

5141

25

5339

5343

4939

30

5238

5242

4838

35

5137

5141

4737

40

5036

5040

4636

45

4935

4939

4535

50

4834

4838

4434

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

860 � 900

Hardening

840 � 880

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

540 � 650

Material No.

1.7707

Code

30CrMoV9*

C

0.26�0.34

Si

≤0.40

Mn

0.40�0.70

P

≤0.035

S

≤0.035

Cr

2.30�2.70

Mo

0.15 � 0.25

Ni

≤0.60

V

0.10�0.2030CrMoV9

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250>250 ≤ 500

105010201900180017001590

1250 � 14501200 � 14501100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 1950

9910111214

3535404550�

252530353535

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

See condition A

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 248

To DIN E 17201

*To DIN E 17201

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

56

Page 57: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC1

AC3

M

MS

A

HV 10

30

100

70

B

F3

4070

3030P

60

70 70

60100

100 100 100 9760

30

481 493

172

351 351496 478 428 404 390 374 264 186 177 170

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

THYROFORT® 30 CrMoV 9Tempering diagram

Typical values for 30 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

57

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 58: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 36 CrNiMo 4

1.5

5951

5954

5651

3

5950

5953

5650

5

5849

5852

5549

7

5849

5852

5549

9

5748

5751

5448

11

5747

5750

5447

13

5746

5750

5346

15

5645

5649

5245

20

5543

5547

5143

25

5441

5445

5041

30

5339

5344

4839

35

5238

5243

4738

40

5136

5141

4636

45

5034

5039

4534

50

4933

4938

4433

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

840 � 870

Hardening

820 � 850

Quenching medium

Oil or water

Tempering

540 � 680

Material No.

1.6511

Code

36CrNiMo4

C

0.32�0.40

Si

≤0.40

Mn

0.50�0.80

P

≤0.035

S

≤0.035

Cr

0.90�1.20

Mo

0.15 � 0.30

Ni

0.90�1.20

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

900800700600550

1100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 19501750 � 1900

1011121314

4550556060

3540454545

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

See condition A

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 248

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

58

Page 59: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0100 101 102 103 104 105 106

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102

AC3

AC1

A

MS

M

HV 10

F P3 3 1010 20 25

753

10 B60 80 901009190

97 97 87 70

532 558 517 542 510 438 345 319 297304 274 229286

Tem

per

atur

in °

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2

Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

THYROFORT® 36 CrNiMo 4Tempering diagram

Typical values for 60 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

59

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 60: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 34 CrNiMo 6

1.5

5850

5853

5550

3

5850

5853

5550

5

5850

5853

5550

7

5850

5853

5550

9

5749

5752

5449

11

5748

5751

5448

13

5748

5751

5448

15

5748

5751

5448

20

5748

5751

5448

25

5747

5750

5447

30

5747

5750

5447

35

5747

5750

5447

40

5746

5750

5346

45

5745

5749

5345

50

5744

5748

5344

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

850 � 880

Hardening

830 � 860

Quenching medium

Oil

Tempering

540 � 660

Material No.

1.6582

Code

34CrNiMo6

C

0.30�0.38

Si

≤0.40

Mn

0.50�0.80

P

≤0.035

S

≤0.035

Cr

1.30�1.70

Mo

0.15 � 0.30

Ni

1.30�1.70

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Typical analysis in %

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Heat treatment

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000

10001900180017001600

15401490

1200 � 14001100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 11001800 � 1950

750 � 1900700 � 1850

910111213

1415

4045505555

��

3545454545

4540

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

See condition A

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 248

To DIN E 17201

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

60

Page 61: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0100 101 102 103 104 105

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102

106

AC3

AC1

A

MS

M

HV 10

B

4070

923

15 20 30

8085 90

87 82

F 3 8P65

65

35

528 510 505 529 527 483 433 383 349 328 324302

239 202

3215

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 34 CrNiMo 6

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Z

A

Rp 0,2

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for 60 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

61

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 62: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 30 CrNiMo 8

1.5

5648

5651

5348

3

5648

5651

5348

5

5648

5651

5348

7

5648

5651

5348

9

5547

5550

5247

11

5547

5550

5247

13

5547

5550

5247

15

5546

5549

5246

20

5546

5549

5246

25

5445

5448

5145

30

5445

5448

5145

35

5444

5447

5144

40

5444

5447

5144

45

5443

5447

5043

50

5443

5447

5043

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

850 � 880

Hardening

830 � 860

Quenching medium

Oil

Tempering

540 � 660

Material No.

1.6580

Code

30CrNiMo8

C

0.26�0.34

Si

≤0.40

Mn

0.30�0.60

P

≤0.035

S

≤0.035

Cr

1.80�2.20

Mo

0.30 � 0.50

Ni

1.80�2.20

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

>250 ≤ 500>500 ≤1000

10501050190018001700

16301590

1250 � 14501250 � 14501100 � 13001000 � 12001900 � 1100

1850 � 10001800 � 1950

99101112

1212

4040455050

��

3030354545

4540

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

See condition A

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 248

To DIN E 17201

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

62

Page 63: Heat-treatable steels

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

AC3

AC1

A

MS

M

HV 10

B2010

60 85 9095

574 552 530 534 560 480 476 433 397

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

THYROFORT® 30 CrNiMo 8Tempering diagram

Typical values for 60 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0450 550 650

80

60

40

20

Z

Rm

Rp 0,2

A

Anlasstemperatur oC

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm

in N

/mm

2

63

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 64: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 36 NiCrMo 16

1.5

5750

5752

5550

3

5649

5651

5449

5

5648

5651

5348

7

5648

5651

5348

9

5648

5651

5348

11

5648

5651

5348

13

5547

5551

5247

15

5547

5550

5247

20

5547

5550

5247

25

5547

5550

5247

30

5547

5550

5247

35

5547

5550

5247

40

5547

5550

5247

45

5547

5550

5247

50

5547

5550

5247

Quenching temperature in theend-quench test

850

Normalising

885 � 905

Hardening

865 � 885

Quenching medium

Air or oil

Tempering

550 � 650

Material No.

1.6773

Code

36NiCrMo16

C

0.32�0.39

Si

≤0.40

Mn

0.30�0.60

P

≤0.030

S

≤0.025

Cr

1.60�2.00

Mo

0.25 � 0.45

Ni

3.60�4.10

Material No.Code

Chemicalcomposition

Heat treatment

Typical analysis in %

Hmax.min.

HHmax.min.

HLmax.min.

Hardenability in theend-quench test

Hardness in HRC

Mechanical properties in differenttreatment conditions

Heat treatmentdiameter

in mmØ

0.2% proofstress

(Rp 0.2) min.N/mm2

Tensile strengthin N/mm2

Rmmin.

Elongation atfracture in %

Amin.

Reduction ofarea at fracture

in % Zmin.

Notch impactenergy (ISO-V)

in J KVmin.

≤ 16> 16 ≤ 40> 40 ≤ 100>100 ≤ 160>160 ≤ 250

10501050190018001800

1250 � 14501250 � 14501100 � 13001000 � 12001000 � 1200

1919101111

4040455050

3030354545

Quenched and tempered Q + T

Hardness in differenttreatment conditions Treated for

shearing SHB

See condition A

Soft annealedA

HB

max. 269

Temperatures in °C

Distance from quenched end in mm

64

Page 65: Heat-treatable steels

THYROFORT® 36 NiCrMo 16

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rm

Rp 0,2Z

A

Str

eckg

renz

e R

p 0

,2 u

nd Z

ugfe

stig

keit

Rm in

N/m

m2

Bru

chd

ehnu

ng A

und

Bru

chei

nsch

nüru

ng Z

in %

Anlasstemperatur in oC

Tempering diagram

Typical values for120 mm diameter

Hardenability diagram

Time-temperature-transformation diagramfor continuous cooling

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

200 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Abstand von der abgeschreckten Stirnfläche in mm

Här

te in

HR

C

HH-SorteÜberschneidungHH+HL-Sorte

HL-Sorte

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

100 101 102

100 101 102 103 104

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Ac1e

Ac1b

HV 10

A + K

MS

M

B

RA518 470515 462528 518

Tem

per

atur

in o

C

Zeit in s

Zeit in min

Zeit in h

Härtewerte

65

Elo

ngat

ion

at f

ract

ure

A a

nd r

educ

tion

of

area

at

frac

ture

Z in

%

0.2%

pro

of

stre

ss R

p0.

2an

d t

ensi

le s

tren

gth

Rm

in N

/mm

2

Tempering temperature in °C

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from quenched end in mm

Time in s

Time in min.

Time in h

Tem

per

atur

e in

°C

Hardness

HH gradeOverlap ofHH + HL grade

HL grade

Page 66: Heat-treatable steels

Effect of microstructure

The strength and toughness of a

heat-treatable steel depend on

the hardening structure and the

tempering temperature.

As shown in Fig. 3, using steel

grade 42 CrMo 4 as an example,

the most favourable combination

of tensile strength and toughness,

illustrated here by the reduction

of area, is reached after

tempering a 100% martensitic

structure. Mixed structures of

bainite and martensite or

ferrite-pearlite and martensite

give less favourable results.

66

Thyrofort – The basics

Heat-treatable steels are steels

whose chemical composition

makes them suitable for harden-

ing. In the quenched and tem-

pered condition, they exhibit a

certain toughness at a given ten-

sile strength.

Heat-treatable steels, as stan-

dardized in DIN EN 10083, for

example, can be mild carbon

steels or steels alloyed with man-

ganese, chromium, molybdenum,

nickel, vanadium and boron, hav-

ing approximately 0.20 to 0.60%

carbon, whose mechanical-tech-

nological properties can be

designed to fulfill the given

requirements by the appropriate

heat treatment – hardening fol-

lowed by tempering at tempera-

tures usually over 550°C.

Effect of the alloying ele-

ments on hardenability

The choice of a suitable steel for

a component demanding a cer-

tain minimum yield point or ulti-

mate strength and toughness

depends on the hardenability of

the steel, the hardening section

and the cooling rate on hardening

(i.e. the quenching medium).

These parameters determine the

capacity of a steel to attain

roughly the same mechanical-

technological properties over a

certain cross-section of the com-

ponent after hardening and tem-

pering. For small sections, this is

possible with unalloyed or Mn-,

Cr- and B-alloyed steels. Larger

sections demand fairly large

quantities of the alloying elements

Cr, Ni, Mo and V in order to ensure

through-hardening. Fig. 2 shows

an example of the effect of alloy-

ing elements on hardenability in

the end-quench test on heat-

treatable steels with approximate-

ly 0.35% carbon.

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Distance from end-face in mm

60

50

40

30

20

100 10 20 30 40 50 60

34 CrMo 4

34 Cr 4

C 35E

36 CrNiMo 4

Fig. 2: Effect of alloying elements onhardenability in the end-quench test

80

70

60

50

40

30

20600 1000 1500 2000

700 oC

600 oC

500 oC

450 oC

350 oC

100% M

50% B50% M

55% F + P45% M

Tensile Strength in N/mm2

Acc. to H.-F. Klärner and E. Hougardy

Red

uctio

n of

Are

a in

%

Tempering Temperature

Steel 42 CrMo 4

Brittle Fracture

Transition

Ductile Fracture

Fig. 3: Effect of the microstructure on reduction of area and toughness

Page 67: Heat-treatable steels

67

The effect of the structure dimin-

ishes with increasing tempering

temperature.

Due to their superior hardening

structure, better strength/tough-

ness combinations can be ob-

tained with higher-alloyed steels

than with unalloyed or low-alloy

grades (Fig. 4).

Temper embrittlement

Apart from these effects, the loss

of toughness due to embrittle-

ment that occurs on tempering

around 300 °C (300 °C embrittle-

ment) and 500 °C (temper brittle-

ness) should be mentioned to

complete the picture.

Accompanying elements, such as

phosphorus, arsenic, antimony

and tin, increase the degree of

temper embrittlement, while

molybdenum or more rapid cool-

ing after tempering reduce it.

In order to avoid such brittleness

effects, it is therefore advisable

not to temper in the temperature

range from 250 °C to 530 °C.

Effect of the carbon

content

Improvements in the fatigue

strength and/or wear resist-

ance of heat-treatable

steels are often achieved by

case hardening. Depending

on the desired surface hardness,

these steels require a minimum

carbon content that must be fully

dissolved on hardening (Fig. 5).

The use of fine-grained steels is

recommended for flame or induc-

tion hardening, to ensure lower

sensitivity to cracking.

Har

dne

ss in

HR

C

Content of carbon dissolved in austenite in %

C-Steels

Ni-Steels

Mn-Si-Steels

Cr-Si-Steels

Cr-Ni-Mo-Steels

Cr-Ni-Steels

Mo-Steels

Cr-Mo-Steels

Cr-Steels

% Martensite

Greatest hardnessacc. to Burns, Moore and Archer

Hardness with various martensite contents,acc. to Hodge and Orehoski

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

100.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

99.9%95.0%90.0%

80.0%50.0%

Dimensional Range 40-100 mmM

inim

um A

bso

rbed

Ene

rgy

(DV

M S

amp

le) i

n J

Minimum Yield Point in N/mm 2

CrNiMo steels

1% CrMo steels

unalloyed steels

1% Cr steels

60

50

40

30

20300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Fig. 4: Effect of chemical composition onthe minimum 0.2% proof stress andtoughness of heat-treatable steels

Fig. 5: Hardness as a function of carboncontent for structures with various marten-site contents (acc. to Gerber and Wyss).

Technical information

Page 68: Heat-treatable steels

The heat-treatable steels dis-

cussed in this publication are

special engineering steels which

exhibit a higher degree of purity

compared to high-grade steels,

particularly with regard to non-

metallic inclusions, and react uni-

formly to heat treatment. Careful

balancing of the chemical compo-

sition and special manufacturing

and testing conditions allow the

most varied machining and ser-

vice properties to be achieved,

e.g. high or very specific strength

or hardenability in conjunction

with high demands on toughness,

ductility, etc.

Heat-treatable steels are predom-

inantly used for mechanically

highly stressed components, e.g.

in automotive and general me-

chanical engineering.

Forming and machining

Heat-treatable steels exhibit good

hot forming properties. Their cold

workability depends on the car-

bon content, the quantities of

alloying elements and the crys-

talline structure. Heat-treatable

steels intended to be processed

by cold upsetting or cold extru-

sion are usually supplied in the

ASC-annealed condition.

Machinability is mostly influenced

by the strength, the micro-

structure and the non-metallic

inclusions.

In general, it can be said that

machinability deteriorates with

increasing strength and tough-

ness. This is why ferritic-pearlitic

structures, for example, can be

more easily machined than

bainitic or martensitic structures.

In cases involving extensive ma-

chining of components made of

high-strength steels (approx.

>1000 N/mm2), it can thus be

appropriate not to carry out

hardening and tempering until the

part has been pre-machined.

In order to improve machinability,

heat-treatable steels are usually

supplied with a controlled sul-

phur content of 0.020 – 0.040%.

Steels whose machinability has

been improved by special metal-

lurgical treatment can be sup-

plied on request.

68

Page 69: Heat-treatable steels

Heat treatment

The prerequisite for understanding

the individual heat treatment

processes of heat-treatable steels

and the resulting structures is a

knowledge of the time-tempera-

ture-transformation (TTT) diagrams

or the cooling-time-temperature-

transformation (CTT) diagrams of

the individual steel grades.

The important heat treatment

processes for heat-treatable steels

(acc. to DIN 17014) are shown

schematically in the isothermal and

continuous TTT diagrams (Figs. 6

and 8) or in the temperature-time

profile with linear time axis (Figs. 7

and 9).

Heat treatment -Schematic representation

(continous)

Tempering

Stress relieving

Fig. 6TTT-Diagram continous

Fig. 7Time-temperature diagram

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0Time (log.) Time in h (linear)

A

M 1

B2

F P5

3 6

4

= Start of transformation

= End of transformation

A Austenite range

F Ferrite range

P Pearlite range

B Bainite range

M Martensite range

AC1

AC3

AC1

MS

AC3

Fig. 6: TTT diagram, continous

Fig. 7: Time-temperature diagram with linear abscissa

Heat treatment processes,

illustrated in a TTT diagram

for continuous cooling

Hardening (Q, Curve 1)

Heat treatment consisting of

austenitising and cooling under

conditions leading to an increase

in hardness due to more or less

complete transformation of the

austenite into martensite and

possibly bainite.

Quenching and tempering (Q + T,

Curves 1 and 3)

Hardening with subsequent tem-

pering, usually above 550 °C, in

order to achieve the required com-

bination of mechanical properties.

It is particularly the aim to improve

the toughness in comparison with

the hardened state.

Normalising (N, Curve 2)

Heat treatment consisting of

austenitising at temperatures

about 50 °C above AC3 and subse-

quent cooling in still air.

69

Technical information

Page 70: Heat-treatable steels

Heat treatment processes,

illustrated in a TTT diagram

with isothermal treatment

Isothermal transformation in the

pearlite or bainite stage

(Curves 5 and 6)

Heat treatment consisting of

austenitising, followed by cooling

to an appropriate temperature and

holding at this temperature until

the desired degree of transforma-

tion has been achieved. Further

cooling to room temperature can

be carried out as desired. Depend-

ing on the transformation tempera-

ture involved, a distinction is made

between pearlitising (Curve 6) and

bainitising (Curve 5).

Heat treatment processes,

illustrated in a temperature/

time profile with linear time

axis

Tempering (T, Curve 3)

Single or multiple heating of a

hardened workpiece to a given

temperature AC1, holding at this

temperature and subsequent ap-

propriate cooling.

Annealing to spherical carbides

(AC, Curves 8 and 9)

Annealing with the aim of spheroid-

ising the carbides. It usually com-

prises extended holding at a tem-

perature near AC1, possibly fluctu-

ating around this value.

Stress relief annealing (Curve 4)

Annealing with the aim of reducing

residual stresses without appre-

ciably changing the structure or

mechanical properties.

Soft annealing (A, Curve 7)

Heat treatment for reducing the

hardness of a workpiece to values

below a given limit.

N.B.: Soft annealing should not be

confused with annealing to spheri-

cal carbides.

Special case: Annealing for

particular shearing (S) and sawing

properties.

Tem

per

atur

e in

o C

Time (log.) t

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

AF

P

B

56

= Start of transformation

= End of transformation

A Austenite range

F Ferrite range

B range of intermediate structure

M Martensite range

AC3

AC1

Time

Tem

per

atur

e

Soft annealing

ASC-annealing

AC3

AC1

7

8

9

8

Fig. 8: TTT diagram, isothermal Fig. 9: Schematic representation of the temperature/time profile forannealing to spherical cementite (ASC) and soft annealing

70

Page 71: Heat-treatable steels

71

Sampling according to DIN EN 10083

Sampling of bar steel and wire rod Fig. 10

d up to 25 mm 1) d over 25 mm a up to 25 mm 1)

b ≥ aa over 25 mmb ≥ a

Round sections Square and rectangular sections

Tensile specimen notched bar impact specimen

For thin products (d or b ≤ 25 mm) the specimen should,as far as possible, consist of an unmachined part of the bar.

With products having a round section, the longitudinal axle of the notchshould be generally in the direction of a diameter.

With products having rectangular sections, the longitudinal axle of the notchmust be at right angles to the wider roll surface.

d

d

d

12.5

d

12.5

12.5

a

b

12.5

a

b

12.5

a

b

12.5

12,5

b

a

12.5

2) 3) 3)

1)

2)

3)

The values given for the mechani-

cal properties in Figs. 1a-h and in

the material data sheets apply to

samples in the “quenched and

tempered” or “normalised” heat-

treated condition, taken in accor-

dance with Fig. 10.

Technical information

Page 72: Heat-treatable steels

According to DIN EN 10083, the

ruling heat treatment section of a

product is the cross-section for

which the mechanical properties

are defined.

Regardless of the actual shape and

dimensions of the product, the di-

mension for the ruling heat treat-

ment section is always expressed

in the form of a diameter. This di-

ameter corresponds to the diame-

ter of an “equivalent steel bar”.

This is a steel bar which, when

cooled from the austenitisation

temperature, has the same cooling

rate at the location of the cross-

section envisaged for sampling as

the ruling section of the product in

question at the point envisaged for

sampling.

Determination of the ruling heat treatment diameter acc. to DIN EN 17201 Fig. 11

Fig. 11: Conversion formulas for determin-ing the ruling heat treatment diameter dfor various geometries

Ruling heat treatment diameter

d = D

d = 1.1 · a

Di ≤ 80 mm80 < Di ≤ 200 mm200 < Di

d = 2d = 1.75d = 1.5

d = 2.5 · W

d = Fd

d = Fd

d = 1.03 · Sw

d = 0.7 · a

a

ab

D h

Da

hDi

hDi

Da

DiW

W

W

FdD

D

Fb

Fd

Fb

FdD

Fb

Fb

Fd D

Sw

a

· W· W· W

D

D

Di

Da

a,b

W

Sw

h

Fd

Fb

Name

Roundsection

Squaresection

Oblongsection

Disc

Disc withhole

Ring

Tube

one-end

or

double-end closedhollow body

Endflange

Shaftend

Centreflange

Schaft,roll

Triangle

Dreieck

Sketch ofProduct section

Equation for determiningthe appropriate heat treatmentdiameter

(bar)

(bar)

(bar)

(bar)

(bar)

If two equations are available, both are used to calculate d. The lowervalue of d is then used.

In Fig. 6 equations arequoted for thedetermination of theappropriate heattreatment diameter d.

= Diameter

= Inner diameter

= Outer diameter

= edge length

= wall thickness

= Hexagon width

= Height

= Flange and shaft or roll diameter

= Flange and shaft or roll width

d = Fd- D4

+D( )2 +Fb2

d = Fb2 · D2

d = 1.5 · 2

Da -Di2h ·d = 1.05 ·

Da -Di

d =

d = 1.5 · h

Da -Di2h ·

d =

d = 1.5 · h

h · D

d = 1.05 ·

d = 1.5 · b

a · b

72

Page 73: Heat-treatable steels

73

< 0.55 ± 0.02C

> 0.55 < 0.65 ± 0.03

Si < 0.40 ± 0.03

< 1.00 ± 0.04Mn

> 1.00 < 1.65 ± 0.05

P < 0.035 ± 0.005

S < 0.040 ± 0.0052

< 2.00 ± 0.05Cr

> 2.00 < 2.20 ± 0.10

< 0.30 ± 0.03Mo

> 0.30 < 0.50 ± 0.04

< 2.00 ± 0.05Ni

> 2.00 < 4.10 ± 0.07

V < 0.25 ± 0.02

1 ± means that, for a given melt, either theupper or the lower limit of the range givenfor the ladle analysis in Tables 2 and 3 maybe exceeded, but not both at once.

2 For steels with a range of 0.020 to 0.040%sulphur according to the ladle analysis, thedeviation from the limit is ± 0.005%.

For check analysis, chips must be takenuniformly over the whole cross-section ofthe test piece.

Maximum permissiblecontent in the ladle analysis

% by weight

Deviation from limit1

% by weight

Permissible deviations between check analysis and ladle analysis Table 4

Element

Technical information

Page 74: Heat-treatable steels

Grade Mat. Code name Other USA JapanNo. according to German

EN 10083-1 standards

Comparison of international standards

Comparison of the heat-treatable steels according to DIN EN 10083 or

DIN E 17201 and DIN 17212 with international designations and standards Table 5

Thyrofort C 22 E 1.1151 C22E DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1020/1023 JIS S20C/S20CK /S22CDIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550

Thyrofort C 35 E 1.1181 C35E DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035/1038 JIS S35CDIN E 17240/ DIN 1652 T4 /SEW 550

Thyrofort C 35 R 1.1180 C35R DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035 –Thyrofort Cf 35 1.1183 – DIN 17212 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1035 JIS S35CThyrofort C 45 E 1.1191 C45E DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1045 JIS S45C/S45C

DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550Thyrofort C 45 R 1.1201 C45R DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1049 JIS S50CThyrofort Cf 45 1.1193 – DIN 17212 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1045 JIS S45CThyrofort Cf 53 1.1213 – DIN 17212 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1050/1055 JIS S50CThyrofort C 55 E 1.1203 C55E DIN 17204 / DIN 17222 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1055 JIS S55CThyrofort C 55 R 1.1209 C55R DIN 17204 / DIN 17222 AISI / SAE /ASTM 1055 –Thyrofort C 60 E 1.1221 C60E DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1060/1064 JIS S58C

DIN E 17222 / DIN 1652 T4 /SEW 550

Thyrofort C 60 R 1.1223 C60R DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 28 Mn 6 1.1170 28Mn6 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 1330 JIS SCMn1

DIN 1652 T4 / SEW 550Thyrofort 46 Cr 2 1.7006 46Cr2 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 5045/5046 –Thyrofort 46 CrS 2 1.7025 46CrS2 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 34 Cr 4 1.7033 34Cr2 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 5132 JIS SCr430(H)Thyrofort 34 CrS 4 1.7037 34CrS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 37 Cr 4 1.7034 37Cr4 DIN 1652 T4 / DIN 1654 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 5135 JIS SCr435(H)Thyrofort 37 CrS 4 1.7038 37CrS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 41 Cr 4 1.7035 41Cr4 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 5140 JIS SCr440(H)

DIN 1654 T4Thyrofort 41 CrS 4 1.7039 41CrS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 51 CrV 4 1.8159 51CrV4 DIN 17211 / DIN 17222 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 6145 /6150 JIS SUP10

DIN 1652 T4Thyrofort 25 CrMo 4 1.7218 25CrMo4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4130 JIS SCM420/SCM430/SCCRM1

DIN 17176 / DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4

Thyrofort 25 CrMoS 4 1.7213 25CrMoS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 34 CrMo 4 1.7220 34CrMo4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4135 /4137 JIS SCM432/SCM435(H)/SCCRM3

DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550

Thyrofort 34 CrMoS 4 1.7226 34CrMoS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 42 CrMo 4 1.7225 42CrMo4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4140 /4142 JIS SCM440(H)/SNB7

DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550

Thyrofort 42 CrMoS 4 1.7227 42CrMoS4 DIN 1652 T4 – –Thyrofort 50 CrMo 4 1.7228 50CrMo4 DIN E 17201 / DIN 1652 T4 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4150 JIS SCM445(H)

SEW 550Thyrofort 30 CrMoV 9 1.7707 – DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / – –

DIN 1652 T4 SEW 550Thyrofort 36 CrNiMo 4 1.6511 36CrNiMo4 DIN 17204 / DIN 1652 T4 AISI / SAE /ASTM 4340 /9840 –Thyrofort 34 CrNiMo 6 1.6582 34CrNiMo6 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / AISI / SAE /ASTM 4337 /4340 JIS SNCM447

DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550

Thyrofort 30 CrNiMo 8 1.6580 30CrNiMo8 DIN E 17201 / DIN 17204 / – JIS SNCM431DIN 1652 T4 /DIN 1654 T4 / SEW 550

Thyrofort 36 NiCrMo 16 1.6773 36NiCrMo16 – – –

74

Page 75: Heat-treatable steels

Technical information

75

Hardness comparison table

Tensile strength, Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell hardness

Tensilestrength

RmN/mm2

Ball inden-tation mm

d HB

Brinell hardness Vickershardness

HV

Rockwell hardness

HRB HRC HR 30 N

255 6.63 76.0 80 – – –270 6.45 80.7 85 41.0 – –285 6.30 85.5 90 48.0 – –305 6.16 90.2 95 52.0 – –320 6.01 95.0 100 56.2 – –335 5.90 99.8 105 – – –350 5.75 105 110 62.3 – –370 5.65 109 115 – – –385 5.54 114 120 66.7 – –400 5.43 119 125 – – –415 5.33 124 130 71.2 – –430 5.26 128 135 – – –450 5.16 133 140 75.0 – –465 5.08 138 145 – – –480 4.99 143 150 78.7 – –495 4.93 147 155 – – –510 4.85 152 160 81.7 – –530 4.79 156 165 – – –545 4.71 162 170 85.0 – –560 4.66 166 175 – – –575 4.59 171 180 87.1 – –595 4.53 176 185 – – –610 4.47 181 190 89.5 – –625 4.43 185 195 – – –640 4.37 190 200 91.5 – –660 4.32 195 205 92.5 – –675 4.27 199 210 93.5 – –690 4.22 204 215 94.0 – –705 4.18 209 220 95.0 – –720 4.13 214 225 96.0 – –740 4.08 219 230 96.7 – –755 4.05 223 235 – – –770 4.01 228 240 98.1 20.3 41.7785 3.97 233 245 – 21.3 42.5800 3.92 238 250 99.5 22.2 43.4820 3.89 242 255 – 23.1 44.2835 3.86 247 260 (101) 24.0 45.0850 3.82 252 265 – 24.8 45.7865 3.78 257 270 (102) 25.6 46.4880 3.75 261 275 – 26.4 47.2900 3.72 266 280 (104) 27.1 47.8915 3.69 271 285 – 27.8 48.4930 3.66 276 290 (105) 28.5 49.0950 3.63 280 295 – 29.2 49.7965 3.60 285 300 – 29.8 50.2995 3.54 295 310 – 31.0 51.3

1030 3.49 304 320 – 32.2 52.31060 3.43 314 330 – 33.3 53.61095 3.39 323 340 – 34.4 54.41125 3.34 333 350 – 35.5 55.41155 3.29 342 360 – 36.6 56.41190 3.25 352 370 – 37.7 57.41220 3.21 361 380 – 38.8 58.41255 3.17 371 390 – 39.8 59.31290 3.13 380 400 – 40.8 60.21320 3.09 390 410 – 41.8 61.11350 3.06 399 420 – 42.7 61.91385 3.02 409 430 – 43.6 62.71420 2.99 418 440 – 44.5 63.51455 2.95 428 450 – 45.3 64.31485 2.92 437 460 – 46.1 64.91520 2.89 447 470 – 46.9 65.71555 2.86 (456) 480 – 47.7 66.41595 2.83 (466) 490 – 48.4 67.11630 2.81 (475) 500 – 49.1 67.71665 2.78 (485) 510 – 49.8 68.31700 2.75 (494) 520 – 50.5 69.01740 2.73 (504) 530 – 51.1 69.51775 2.70 (513) 540 – 51.7 70.01810 2.68 (523) 550 – 52.3 70.51845 2.66 (532) 560 – 53.0 71.21880 2.63 (542) 570 – 53.6 71.71920 2.60 (551) 580 – 54.1 72.11955 2.59 (561) 590 – 54.7 72.71995 2.57 (570) 600 – 55.2 73.2

Tensilestrength

RmN/mm2

Ballindentation

mm d HB

Brinell hardness Vickershardness

HV

Rockwell hardness

HRB HRC HR 30 N

2030 2.54 (580) 610 – 55.7 73.72070 2.52 (589) 620 – 56.3 74.22105 2.51 (599) 630 – 56.8 74.62145 2.49 (608) 640 – 57.3 75.12180 2.47 (618) 650 – 57.8 75.5

– – – 660 – 58.3 75.9– – – 670 – 58.8 76.4– – – 680 – 59.2 76.8– – – 690 – 59.7 77.2– – – 700 – 60.1 77.6– – – 720 – 61.0 78.4– – – 740 – 61.8 79.1– – – 760 – 62.5 79.7– – – 780 – 63.3 80.4– – – 800 – 64.0 81.1– – – 820 – 64.7 81.7– – – 840 – 65.3 82.2– – – 860 – 65.9 82.7– – – 880 – 66.4 83.1– – – 900 – 67.0 83.6– – – 920 – 67.5 84.0– – – 940 – 68.0 84.4

Tensile strength N/mm2 Rm

Brinell hardness1) Diameter of the d1) Calculated from: ball indentation in mm

HB = 0.95 · HV

(0.102 F/D2 = 30) Hardness HBD = 10 value =

Vickers hardness Diamond pyramid HVTest forces ≥ 50 N

Rockwell hardness Ball 1.588 mm (1/16“) HRBTotal test force = 98 N

Diamond cone HRCTotal test force = 1471 N

Diamond coneTotal test force = 294 N HR 30 N

0.102 · 2 Fπ D (D – √D2 – d2)

Conversions of hardness values using this conversion table are only approximate.See DIN 50 150, December 1976.

Page 76: Heat-treatable steels

76

Forms supplied

55 – 250 mm dia.

Sharp-edged50 – 103 mm square

DIN 1014

DIN 7527

DIN 1013

> 200 mm dia. standard in-company tolerance, closertolerance on request

Subject topurchaseorder

Special:*)≤ +100/-0

Flat:Width: 80 – 510 mmThickness: 25 – 160 mmWidth/thickness ratio 10:1 max

Width: 25 – 160 mm

Thickness:80 – 550 mm

65 – 750 mm dia.

265 – 650 mm square

flat: on request

50 – 320 mm square,rising in 1 mm incre-ments

52 – 400 mm dia.

52 – 300 mm dia.

DIN 1017up to 150 mm width and 60 mm thickness;over 150 mm widthstandard in-company tole-rance

Tolerance on request

< 210 mm +/- 2%> 210 mm +/- 3%of edge length

Special:*)≤ 100 mm +/- 1%

of edge length

> 100 mm – 210 mm

+/- 1.5% of edge length

ISA Tol. 11 or comparabletolerance

ISA Tol. 11 or comparabletolerance

ISA-Tol. 8 or comparable tolerance

≤ 80 mm: 4.0 mm/m

> 80 mm: 2.5 mm/m

4.0 – 10 m,other lengthson request

Lengths as a function ofdimensionsand heat-treatmentcondition on request

3 - 10 m, onrequest 30 mmax. as afunction ofdia. andmax. bardead weightof 7 t

Hot-sawn or hot abrasi-ve-cut

Special:*)Cold-sawn,cold abrasive-cut

Hot abrasive-cut or cold-sawn

Special:*)Cold abrasive-cut

≤ 210 mm square:hot-sawn or hot abrasi-ve-cut

> 210 mm square:hot-sheared

Special:*)Cold abrasive-cut, cold-sawn

Hot-sawn/hotabrasive-cut

Special:*)Cold-sawn/abrasive-cut

Dimensions 50- 105 mm withround chamfer30° or 45°,chamfer widthapprox. 5 -12mm, otherwidths by ar-rangement

Rough-peeled finishavailable for 52 -240 mm

Max. permissiblesurface defect dep-ths:

Round: 1% max. ofdia. + 0.05 mm

Square: 1% max. ofedge length

Flat: 1.5% max. ofwidth, 2.0% max. ofthickness

Special:*)Smaller surfacedefect depth onrequest

Special:*)

- Rough-peeled- Turned- Milled

Edge radius:

< 210 mm - 12-18%of edge length

> 210 mm: withoutdefined edge radius

Max. perm. surfacedefect depth:

≤ 140 mm sq.0.3 mm max.

> 140 - 200 mm sq.0.6 mm max.

> 200 mm sq.visible defects elimi-nated

Technically crack-freecondition e.g. eddy-current tested orcomparable tech-nique, defined depthof roughness and sui-table packaging byspecial arrangement

< 1000 mm2:4.0 mm/m

> 1000 mm2:2.5 mm/m

Special:*)Speciallystraightened

Standard: 6 mm/m

Special:*)4 mm/m

As-peeledstraightness ≤ 2 mm/m, 1 mm/m orcloser as afunction ofdimensions on request

Untreated

Cold-sheara-ble

Cold-sawable

Normalized

Treated toferrite-pearlitestructure

Treated tohardnessrange

Soft-annealed

Spheroidize-annealed

Stress-relie-ved

Quenchedand tempered

Bar steeland roundbillets fortubemakingrolled

Sheet barsrolled withbulbous nar-row face

Bar steeland semis forged

Semisrolled

Bright steel

peeled

peeled andpolished

*) Special finishes subject to further inquiry (partly dependent on quality, dimensions and condition)

ground 52 – 100 mm dia.

Semis:as-forgedstraightness

Bar steel:to DIN withinthe tolerancelimit

3 – 8 m

Surface finishAs-suppliedcondition

End condition

Lengths/weightsStraightnessLengthsDia. or edge length

TolerancesProduct Dimensions

on requestAs-castingots/c.c.blooms Open-dieforgings

Forgings forged toshape on request(drawing)

Page 77: Heat-treatable steels

Temperature Comparison

Chart

°C °F K °C °F K °C °F K

–273,15 –459,67 0,00 380,00 716,00 653,15 910,00 1670,00 1183,15

–270,00 –454,00 3,15 390,00 743,00 663,15 920,00 1688,00 1193,15

–200,00 –328,00 73,15 400,00 752,00 673,15 930,00 1706,00 1203,15

–150,00 –238,00 123,15 410,00 770,00 683,15 940,00 1724,00 1213,15

–100,00 –148,00 173,15 420,00 788,00 693,15 950,00 1742,00 1223,15

– 90,00 –130,00 183,15 430,00 806,00 703,15 960,00 1760,00 1233,15

– 80,00 –112,00 193,15 440,00 824,00 713,15 970,00 1778,00 1243,15

– 70,00 – 94,00 203,15 450,00 842,00 723,15 980,00 1796,00 1253,15

– 60,00 – 76,00 213,15 460,00 860,00 733,15 990,00 1814,00 1263,15

– 50,00 – 58,00 223,15 470,00 878,00 743,15 1000,00 1832,00 1273,15

– 40,00 – 40,00 233,15 480,00 896,00 753,15 1010,00 1850,00 1283,15

– 30,00 – 22,00 243,15 490,00 914,00 763,15 1020,00 1868,00 1393,15

– 20,00 – 4,00 253,15 500,00 932,00 773,15 1030,00 1886,00 1303,15

– 17,78 0,00 255,37 510,00 950,00 783,15 1040,00 1904,00 1313,15

– 10,00 14,00 263,15 520,00 968,00 793,15 1050,00 1922,00 1323,15

0,00 32,00 273,15 530,00 986,00 803,15 1060,00 1940,00 1333,15

10,00 50,00 283,15 540,00 1004,00 813,15 1070,00 1958,00 1343,15

20,00 68,00 293,15 550,00 1022,00 823,15 1080,00 1976,00 1353,15

30,00 86,00 303,15 560,00 1040,00 833,15 1090,00 1994,00 1363,15

40,00 104,00 313,15 570,00 1058,00 843,15 1100,00 2012,00 1373,15

50,00 122,00 323,15 580,00 1076,00 853,15 1110,00 2030,00 1383,15

60,00 140,00 333,15 590,00 1094,00 863,15 1120,00 2048,00 1393,15

70,00 158,00 343,15 600,00 1112,00 873,15 1130,00 2066,00 1403,15

80,00 176,00 353,15 610,00 1130,00 883,15 1140,00 2084,00 1413,15

90,00 194,00 363,15 620,00 1148,00 893,15 1150,00 2102,00 1423,15

100,00 212,00 373,15 630,00 1166,00 903,15 1160,00 2120,00 1433,15

110,00 230,00 383,15 640,00 1184,00 913,15 1170,00 2138,00 1443,15

120,00 248,00 393,15 650,00 1202,00 923,15 1180,00 2156,00 1453,15

130,00 266,00 403,15 660,00 1220,00 933,15 1190,00 2174,00 1463,15

140,00 284,00 413,15 670,00 1238,00 943,15 1200,00 2192,00 1473,15

150,00 302,00 423,15 680,00 1256,00 953,15 1210,00 2210,00 1483,15

160,00 320,00 433,15 690,00 1274,00 963,15 1220,00 2228,00 1493,15

170,00 338,00 443,15 700,00 1292,00 973,15 1230,00 2246,00 1503,15

180,00 356,00 453,15 710,00 1310,00 983,15 1240,00 2264,00 1513,15

190,00 374,00 463,15 720,00 1328,00 993,15 1250,00 2282,00 1523,15

200,00 392,00 473,15 730,00 1346,00 1003,15 1260,00 2300,00 1533,15

210,00 410,00 483,15 740,00 1364,00 1013,15 1270,00 2318,00 1543,15

220,00 428,00 493,15 750,00 1382,00 1023,15 1280,00 2336,00 1553,15

230,00 446,00 503,15 760,00 1400,00 1033,15 1290,00 2354,00 1563,15

240,00 464,00 513,15 770,00 1418,00 1043,15 1300,00 2372,00 1573,15

250,00 482,00 523,15 780,00 1436,00 1053,15 1310,00 2390,00 1583,15

260,00 500,00 533,15 790,00 1454,00 1063,15 1320,00 2408,00 1593,15

270,00 518,00 543,15 800,00 1472,00 1073,15 1330,00 2426,00 1603,15

280,00 536,00 553,15 810,00 1490,00 1083,15 1340,00 2444,00 1613,15

290,00 554,00 563,15 820,00 1508,00 1093,15 1350,00 2462,00 1623,15

300,00 572,00 573,15 830,00 1526,00 1103,15 1360,00 2480,00 1633,15

310,00 590,00 583,15 840,00 1544,00 1113,15 1370,00 2498,00 1643,15

320,00 608,00 593,15 850,00 1562,00 1123,15 1380,00 2516,00 1653,15

330,00 626,00 603,15 860,00 1580,00 1133,15 1390,00 2234,00 1663,15

340,00 644,00 613,15 870,00 1598,00 1143,15 1400,00 2552,00 1673,15

350,00 662,00 623,15 880,00 1616,00 1153,15 1500,00 2732,00 1783,15

360,00 680,00 633,15 890,00 1634,00 1163,15 2000,00 3632,00 2273,15

370,00 698,00 643,15 900,00 1652,00 1173,15 2500,00 4532,00 2773,15

°C °F K

X = particular K X– 273 9/5 (X–273) + 32 X

measured °C X 9/5 X + 32 X + 273

temperature °F 5/9 (X–32) X 5/9 (X–32) + 273

77

Page 78: Heat-treatable steels

78

Page Source Object/Motif

Cover Alfing Crankshaft03 Steinmetz Crankshaft04 MAN, B&W Ship’s engine4 – 5 Company photo Forge4 – 5 Company photo, Siemens Turbine shaft5 Company photo Team meeting6 Thyssen Umformtechnik Crankshaft6 – 7 Alfing Crankshaft7 Steinmetz Chips8 Company photo Bar steel warehouse8 Company photo Bar steel warehouse8 – 9 Steinmetz Rudder spindles9 Company photo Bar steel warehouse

10 Bavaria Landing gear10 Imagine Oil tanker10 – 11 MAN Ship’s engine10 – 11 Shuton Recirculating ball screw10 PSA Peugot Citroen Peugot 60711 DAF XF95 truck11 Doppelmayr Chairlift11 Mannesmann High-pressure tubes11 Company photo Sliding sleeve11 Image Ariane launcher

12 Company photo Wheel loader12 Atlas Copco Demolition hammer12 – 13 Mannesmann Röhrenwerke Continuous tube mill12 Company photo Sliding sleeve13 Baker Hughes Oil tool13 Company photo Drilling rig13 Schwellis/Peddinghaus BMW suspension13 Schwellis/Peddinghaus Ripper tips/Excavator tooth13 Company photo Axle stub13 Worthington Heiser Gas cylinders14 Company photo Electric arc furnace14 Company photo Vacuum plant15 Company photo Continuous casting plant15 Company photo ESR plant16 Company photo Control room, 3000 t press16 Company photo Forging bar steel16 Company photo Blooming mill16 – 17 Company photo Forging, 3000 t press17 Carlow Peeling machine17 Company photo Bar steel warehouse17 Company photo Forging, 3000 t press

List of photos

Page 79: Heat-treatable steels

79

General note (liability)

All statements regarding the properties

or utilisation of the materials or products

mentioned are for the purposes of

description only. Guarantees regarding

the existence of certain properties or a

certain utilisation are only ever valid if

agreed upon in writing.

Page 80: Heat-treatable steels

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