Heat Transfer Lab Manual-2014

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HEAT TRANSFER EP315

LABORATOTY MANUAL

Lecturer/Tutor: Mr. Bonavian/Ms Anita/Ms Sahlil Miraz

Name : ______________________________________

ID : ______________________________________

Course : ______________________________________

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & BUILD ENVIRONMENT

UCSI UNIVERSITY

2014



LABORATORY SAFETY RULES:

Laboratory safety is the top priority and this requires all people in the laboratory to be

observing safe practices at all times!

All safety requirements as specified in this section will be strictly enforced. Students arerequired to comply with the following rules when in the lab.

1. Wear suitable attire for lab work. Do not wear loose or bulky clothes, ties or jewelry

when working around rotating equipment. Students with long hair must tie their hair

before entering the lab. Open-toe shoes and sandals are not permitted.

(Lecturer/ instructor reserves the right not to allow students who do not follow this rule

to enter the lab)

2. Eating and drinking in the lab are strictly prohibited.

3. All hand phones must be switch off.

4. Always be punctual. Students later than 15 minutes are not allowed to perform the

experiment.

5. Always follow the instruction of the lab instructor or lecturer before the start of the lab.

6. It is important for each student to follow the procedures given by the laboratory

instructor when conducting laboratory experiment.

7. Clean the bench and return all apparatus to their respective places before you leave the

lab.

8. Before any experiment starts, students must study the information / precaution steps

and understand the procedures mentioned in the given laboratory sheet.

9. Students should report immediately to the laboratory instructor/officer if any injury

occurred.

10. Do not work with electricity under wet condition in laboratory. Electric shock is a serious

fatal error due to human negligence and may cause death.



Laboratory Reports:

Each student will be responsible for preparing an individual report after completing each

laboratory experiment.

a) Report submissionReports must be submitted 1 week after the experiment. Any unforeseen circumstances

must be reported to the lab instructor immediately. Late submission will not be

accepted.

Fabricating results and plagiarism are strictly prohibited. Strict action will be taken if

student is found fabricating results or copy from others.

b) Report contents

Each report should contain the following:

SectionUCSI University Cover Page

Title of experiment

Objectives of experiment

Introduction

~Provide a scientific background related to the experiment and provides the reader with

justification for why the work was carried out.

Materials and Equipment

~List only the materials and equipment/apparatus used in the experiment.

Result and Calculation

~Present the data obtained from the experiment. The data have to be presented in a clear

and understandable manner.

~All tables must be clearly labeled with numbers and titles.

~All necessary calculations based on the raw data should be provided in this section.

Discussion

~This is most important section where detailed analysis of the experimental data should beprovided. Factors/issues related to the obtained results must be explained.

~Graphic materials based on the experimental data should be presented and discussed in

this section. All graphs must be clearly labeled with numbers and titles.

~Strategies that can use in the discussion:

Compare expected results with those obtained

Explain the results in terms of theoretical issues



What do the results indicate?

What is the significance of the results?

Relate results to the experimental objectives

Analyze experimental error

What ambiguities exist?

Find logical explanation for problems in the data

Conclusion

~Based on the discussion provided, summarize the key findings in a clear statement.

Additionally, the conclusion can also be used to express views on the weakness of the

experimental design (if there is any), or what is the implication of your conclusion.

References

~List all references used in the preparation of the report.

Information obtained from any source, including the Internet, is covered by copyright law.

Any source referred in the report must be acknowledged, both within the text and at theend of it.

~The format should follow the American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style.

c) Report Assessment

The laboratory components accounts for 10% of the total marks for the subject.

Laboratory report will be assessed based on the following criteria:



LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT

Items Unacceptable Satisfactory Good Excellent Score

Score 1 2 3 4

Safetymeasure/

Introduction

Precaution areirrelevant or are not

appropriate to theexperiment

Precaution miss atleast one important

consideration; willresult in some risk tostudent safety if notrevised

All major precautionsare adequately

addressed; proceduresadopted are likely toproduce a safeexperiment

Precaution fullyaddressed .

Timeliness Report handed inmorethan two days late

Up to one day late Up to one hour late Report handed in time

Experimentalprocedures

Procedures do notaccurately list thesteps of theexperiment

Procedures are listed,but seem missing someinformation, somesteps are not numberedand/or are inincomplete sentences.

Procedures are listed,important experimentaldetails are covered,some minor detailsmissing

Procedures are listed inclear steps; each step isnumbered and in acomplete sentence.

Result: data,figures,graphs,tables, etc.

Figures, graphs,tables contain errorsor are poorlyconstructed, havemissing titles,captions or numbers,units missing orincorrect, etc.

Most figures, graphs,tables OK, some stillmissing some importantor required features

All figures, graphs,tables are correctlydrawn, but some haveminor problems or couldstill be improved

All figures, graphs, tablesare correctly drawn, arenumbered and containtitles/captions.

Discussion/Observation

Very incomplete orincorrectinterpretation oftrends andcomparison of dataindicating a lack ofunderstanding ofresults

Some of the resultshave been correctlyinterpreted anddiscussed; partial butincompleteunderstanding ofresults is still evident

Almost all of the resultshave been correctlyinterpreted anddiscussed, only minorimprovements areneeded

All important trends anddata comparisons havebeen interpreted correctlyand discussed, goodunderstanding of resultsis conveyed

Conclusion Conclusions missingor missing theimportant points

Conclusions regardingmajor points are drawn,but many aremisstated, indicating alack of understanding

All importantconclusions have beendrawn, could be betterstated

All important conclusionshave been clearly made,student shows goodunderstanding

Appearanceand formatting

Sections out of order,report is nottyped/written usingthe appropriateformat

Sections in order,formatting is rough butreadable

Lab report is mostlytyped/written using theappropriate format, allsections in order,formatting generallygood but could still beimproved

Lab report is typed/writtenin well-formatted, veryreadable.

Spelling,

grammar,sentencestructure

Frequent grammar

and/or spelling errors,writing style is roughand immature

Occasional

grammar/spellingerrors, generallyreadable with somerough spots in writingstyle

Less than 3

grammar/spelling errors,mature, readable style

All grammar/spelling

correct and very well-written

Total Mark

Final ScorePercentage (%)

= (Total Marks / 32 )*10



EXPERIMENT TITLE:

1. Fourier's Law study for

a. Linear conduction of heat along homogeneous bar.

b. Conduction of heat and overall heat transfer along a composite bar.

c. Effect of a change in cross-sectional area on the temperature profile along a thermal

conductor.

2. Demonstration of the relationship between power input & surface temperature in free and

forced convection

3. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

a) Parallel Flow

b) Counter Flowc) Water Temperature Variation

d) Flow Rate Variation

4. The temperature profile and rate of heat transfer for radial conduction through the wall of

cylinder.

5. Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger with Parallel Flow

a) Parallel Flow

b) Counter Flow

c) Water Temperature Variation

d) Flow Rate Variation



HEAT CONDUCTION STUDY BENCH

The SOLTEQ ® Heat Conduction Study Bench (Model: HE105) consists of two electrically

heated modules mounted on a bench support frame. One module contains a cylindrical metal

bar arrangement for a variety of linear conduction experiments while the other consists of a

disc for radial conduction experiment. Both test modules are equipped with an array of

temperature sensors. Cooling water, to be supplied from a standard laboratory tap is fed to one

side of the test pieces in order to maintain a steady temperature gradient.

The instrumentation provided permits accurate measurement of temperature and

power supply. Fast response temperature probes with a resolution of 0.1°C are used. The

power control circuit provides a continuously variable electrical output of 0-100 Watts.

The test modules are designed to minimize errors due to true three-dimensional heat

transfer. The basic principles of conduction can be taught without knowledge of radiation or

convective heat transfer. The linear test piece is supplied with interchangeable samples ofconductors and insulators to demonstrate the effects of area, conductivity and series

combinations. Contact resistance may also be investigated, and the important features of

unsteady state conditions may be demonstrated.

For linear conduction, an electrical heating element, which comprises of a heat input

section fabricated from brass fitted with an electrical heater, is bonded to one end of a metal

rod (heat source). Another end of the rod, which is also made of brass, is exposed to heat

discharge (heat sink). The outer surface of the cylindrical rod is well insulated; thus yielding

one-dimensional linear heat conduction in the rod once the heating element is switched on.

Thermocouples are embedded in the rod, along its centerline.

For radial conduction, the electrical heating element is bonded to the center part of a

circular brass plate (heat source). The cooling water flows through the edge of the plate that

acts as a heat sink for heat discharge. The other surfaces of the plate are well insulated to

simulate radial heat conduction from the plate center to its edge when the heating element is

switched on. Thermocouples are embedded in the circular plate.



Linear Conduction Heat Transfer

Fourier’s Law states that:

dx

dT

kAQ (1)

where,

Q = heat flow rate, [W]

k = thermal conductivity of the material,

Km

W

A = cross-sectional area of the conduction, [m2]

dT = changes of temperature between 2 points, [K]

dx = changes of displacement between 2 points, [m]

From continuity the heat flow rate (Q) is the same for each section of the

conductor. Also the thermal conductivity (k) is constant (assuming no change

with average temperature of the material).

Hence,

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

C

C

S

S

H

H

dx

dT A

dx

dT A

dx

dT A (2)

i.e. the temperature gradient is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional

area.

Figure 1: Temperature distribution with various cross-sectional areas

AC

Q AH

XH XS XC

AC AC



Radial Conduction Heat Transfer (Cylindrical)

Figure 2: Radial temperature distribution

When the inner and outer surfaces of a thick wall cylinder are each at a uniform

temperature, heat rows radially through the cylinder wall. From continuity

considerations the radial heat flow through successive layers in the wall must be

constant if the flow is steady but since the area of successive layers increases

with radius, the temperature gradient must decrease with radius.

The amount of heat (Q), which is conducted across the cylinder wall per unittime, is:

i

o

oi

R

R

T T Lk Q

ln

)( 2

(3)

Where,

Q = heat flow rate, [W]

L = thickness of the material, [m]

k = thermal conductivity of the material,

Km

W

Ti = inner section temperature, [K]

To = outer section temperature, [K]

Ro = outer radius, [m]

Ri = inner radius, [m]

Ri Ro

Temperature

Distribution

Ri Ro

Ti

To



EXPERIMENT 1

Part A : FOURIER'S LAW STUDY FOR LINEAR CONDUCTION OF HEAT ALONG

HOMOGENEOUS BAR Objective

To investigate Fourier's Law for the linear conduction of heat along a homogeneous bar

Procedures:

1. Make sure that the main switch initially off. Then Insert a brass conductor (25mm

diameter) section intermediate section into the linear module and clamp together.

2. Turn on the water supply and ensure that water is flowing from the free end of the

water pipe to drain. This should be checked at intervals.

3. Turn the heater power control knob control panel to the fully anticlockwise position and

connect the sensors leads.

4. Switch on the power supply and main switch; the digital readouts will be illuminated.

5. Turn the heater power control. Regulate the heater power between 0-40 watts. After

each change, sufficient time must be allowed to achieve steady state conditions.

6. Take the temperature reading from T1 until T9.

7. Plot the temperature, T versus distance, x. Calculate the theoretical and actual thermal

conductivity.

Note:

i) When assembling the sample between the heater and the cooler take care to

match the shallow shoulders in the housings.

ii) Ensure that the temperature measurement points are aligned along the

longitudinal axis of the unit.

Results:



Part C: EFFECT OF A CHANGE IN CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA ON THE TEMPERATURE

PROFILE ALONG A THERMAL CONDUCTOR

Objective:

To investigate the effect of a change in the cross-sectional area on the temperature

profile along a thermal conductor

Procedure:

1. Make sure that the main switch initially off. Insert an brass or any other metals

conductor (13mm diameter) section into the linear module and clamp together.

2. Turn on the water supply and ensure that water is flowing from the free end of the

water pipe to drain. This should be checked at intervals.

3. Turn the heater power control knob control panel to the fully anticlockwise position.

4. Switch on the power supply and main switch; the digital readouts will be

illuminated.

5. Turn the heater power control. Regulate the heater power between 0-20 watts. Allowsufficient time for a steady state condition to be achieved before recording the

temperature at all six sensor points and the input power reading on the wattmeter (Q).

6. Plot the temperature, T versus distance, x. Comment on the trend and slope of the

graph.

Note:

When assembling the sample between the heater and the cooler take care to

provide a good surface contact.

Results:



EXPERIMENT 2: DEMONSTRATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

POWER INPUT & SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN FREE AND FORCED

CONVECTION

Objectives:

To demonstrate the relationship between power input and surface temperature in free

and forced convection

PART A – Natural Convection Equipment Set-Up:

Wattmeter (Q)

Temperature Indicator

Plate Sensor

Heater

ProbeSensor

Procedures:

1. Remove the fan assembly from the top of the duct.

2. Place the finned heat exchanger into the test duct.

3. Record the ambient air temperature (tA).

4. Set the heater power control to 20 Watts (clockwise).5. Allow sufficient time to achieve steady state conditions before noting the heated plate

temperature (tH) into the table below.

6. Repeat this procedure at 40, 60 and 80 Watts.

7. Plot a graph of power against temperature (tH-tA).



Result:

Ambient air temperature (tA) = ________oC

PART B – Forced Convection

Procedures:

1.

Place the fan assembly on to the top of the duct.

2. Place the finned heat exchanger into the duct.

3. Note the ambient air temperature (tA).

4. Set the heater power control to 50 Watts (clockwise). Allow sufficient time to achieve

steady state conditions before noting the heated plate temperature (tH).

5. Set the fan speed control to give a reading of 0.5m/s on the thermal anemometer, allow

sufficient time to achieve steady state conditions. Record heated plate temperature.

6. Repeat this procedure at 1.0m/s and 1.5m/s.

7. Plot a graph of air velocity against temperature. ( tH –tA)

Result:

Ambient air temperature (tA) = _______ C

Power input = 50 Watts

Air Velocity

m/s

Plate Temp (tH)

C

tH – tA

C

0

0.5

1.01.5

Input Power

Watts

Plate Temp (tH)

C

tH – tA

C

2040

60

80



SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

The SOLTEQ HE104-ST Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger has been designed specifically to

demonstrate the working principles of industrial heat exchangers in the most convenient way

possible in the laboratory classroom. The apparatus requires only a cold water supply, three

phase electrical outlet and a bench top to enable a series of simple measurements to be madeby students needing an introduction to heat exchanger design and operation. Experiments can

be readily conducted in a short period of time, with virtually no setting up operations to

accurately show the practical importance of the following:-

Temperature profiles

Co- and counter-current flow

Energy balances

Log mean temperature difference

Heat transfer coefficients

The equipment consists of a shell and tube heat exchanger mounted on a support

frame. Three temperature measuring devices are installed in both the inside and outside tubes

to measure the fluid temperatures accurately. To minimize losses in the system, the hot water

is fed through the inner pipe, with the cooling water in the outer annulus.

Control valves are incorporated in each of the two streams to regulate the flow. The

flow rates are measured using independent flow meters installed in each line.

The hot water system is totally self-contained. A hot storage tank is equipped with an

immersion type heater and an adjustable temperature controller which can maintain a

temperature to within approximately ± 1°C. Circulation to the heat exchanger is provided by apump and hot water returns to the storage tank to be reheated. The cold water required for

the exchanger is taken from the laboratory mains supply.



Figure 1: Rear view of shell and tube heat exchanger

Figure 2: Front view of shell and tube heat exchanger

16

15

11

10

9

8

17

18

19

21

22

23

20

24

7 6

12

13

14

2526

1

2

3

4

5



COMMISSIONING

(Refer to Figs. 1 and 2).

Check the drain valve underneath the water storage tank is fully closed (clockwise).

Remove the cover from the storage tank (1) and fill the tank with clean water to within 40mm(about 1.5 inch) from the top.

NOTE: Heater will automatically off if the water level is below the level switch (2) in order to

prolong the heater life.

Replace the cover on the storage tank.

Connect the cold water inlet (24) to a source of cold water using flexible tubing.

Connect the cold water outlet (5) to a suitable drain.

Close the hot water flow control valve (16).

Set the temperature controller (19) to zero on the front panel.

Switch on the pump switch and observe operation of the pump.

Raise the cover on the storage tank and observe circulation of the water through the tank.

Open the hot water flow control valve (16) and allow water to flow through the exchanger until

a steady flow of water is indicated on the hot water flow meter (22).

Open the cold water flow control valve (15). Set the valves V1 – V4 to parallel and co-current

positions alternatively. Allow water to flow through the exchanger until a steady flow of water

is indicated on the cold water flow meter (23).

Close the hot and cold water flow control valves.

Set the temperature controller (19) to an elevated temperature e.g. 50.0°C. Switch on the

heater and observe the heater switch is illuminated indicating power output to the heating

element. Observe the heater in the storage tank and make sure it runs well.

Commissioning is now complete.



EXPERIMENT 3: SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

Objective

The experiment aims to demonstrate the working principles of industrial heat exchangers.

Parallel and counter flow arrangements shall be used and the efficiency of the heat exchangerwill be investigated in each case.

PART A – Parallel Flow Arrangement

1. Start the circulation of cold water.

2. Using the proper selector valve arrangement, set the flow of cold water parallel to the

flow of hot water. (Open V1 & V4, close V2 & V3)

3. Switch on the main switch and the pump.

4. Set the temperature controller to 60°C.

*Note: You may initially reduce the cold water flow rate to speed up the temperatureincrease.*

5. Set the hot water flow rate to 2 liters/min and the cold water flow rate to 1.5 liters/min.

6. Enable to temperature to stabilize before recording the temperatures from T1 to T4.

Results:

R

e a d i n g s

TT1

( tHin )

°C

TT2

( tHout )

°C

TT3

( tCin )

°C

TT4

( tCout )

°C

C a l c u l l a t i o n s Power

emitted

W

Power

absorbed

W

Power

lost

W

Efficiency

%

∆tm

°C

U

W/m2 °C



PART B – Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

1. Open V2 & V4, close V1 & V3

1. Set the temperature controller to 60°C, and the hot water flow rate and cold water flow

rate to 2 liters/min and 1.5 liters/min respectively.

2. Upon reaching steady-state conditions, record the temperature readings from T1 to T4.

Results:

R e a d i n g s

TT1

( tHin )

°C

TT2

( tHout )

°C

TT3

( tCout )

°C

TT4

( tCin )

°C

C a l c u l l a t

i o n s Power

emitted

W

Power

absorbed

W

Power

lost

W

Efficiency

%

∆tm

°C

U

W/m2

°C

PART C – Flow Rate Variation

1. Use a counter flow set up of the heat exchanger.

2. Set the temperature controller to 60°C.

3. Set the cold and hot water flow rate as in the table below.

Results:

R e a d i n g s

Q HL / min

TT1

( tHin )

°C

TT2

( tHout )

°C

TT3

( tCout )

°C

TT4

( tCin )

°C

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

C a l c u l a t i o

n s

Q HL / min

Power

emitted

W

Power

absorbed

W

Power

lost

W

Efficiency

%

∆tm

°C

U

W / m2

°C2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0



PART D – Water Temperature Variation

1. Use a counter flow set up of the heat exchanger.

2. Set both the cold and hot water flow rate to 2 liters/min.

3. Vary the hot water temperatures to 65°C, 60°C, 55°C and 50°C.

4. Upon reaching steady state conditions at each temperature setting, record thetemperatures of T1 to T4.

Results:

R e a d i n g s

Temp

set

°C

TT1

( tHin )

°C

TT2

( tHout )

°C

TT3

( tCout )

°C

TT4

( tCin )

°C

50

55

60

65

C a l c u l a t i o n s

Temp

set °C

Power

emitted

W

Power

absorbed

W

Power

lost

W

Efficiency

%

∆tm

°C

U

W/m2°C

ηC

%

ηH

%

ηmean

%

50

55

60

65



SUMMARY OF THEORY:

Power emitted = Q H H CpH (THin - THout)

Power absorbed = Q C C CpC (TCin – TCout)

Power lost = power emitted - power absorbed

System efficiency, η = %100emitted power

absorbed power

Log mean temperature difference, ∆tm =

2

1

21

lnt

t

t t

For parallel flow :

For counter flow :

Overall heat transfer coefficient, U =

areat

absorbed power

m

where,

area = Surface area of contact

= p x ODinner tube x Length x tube count

= (3.142 x 0.0032 x 0.508) m² x 55

= 0.281 m²

Temperature efficiencies of the heat exchanger are:

a) for the cold medium

ηC = %100

Cin Hin

CinCout

t t

t t

b) for the hot medium

ηH = %100

Cin Hin

Hout Hin

t t

t t

c) mean temperature efficiency

ηmean =2

HC



CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

The SOLTEQ HE104 Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger has been designed specifically to

demonstrate the working principles of industrial heat exchangers in the most convenient way

possible in the laboratory classroom. The apparatus requires only a cold water supply, singlephase electrical outlet and a bench top to enable a series of simple measurements to be made

by students needing an introduction to heat exchanger design and operation. Experiments can

be readily conducted in a short period of time, with virtually no setting up operations to

accurately show the practical importance of the following:-

Temperature profiles

Co- and counter-current flow

Energy balances

Log mean temperature difference

Heat transfer coefficients

The equipment consists of a concentric tube exchanger in the form of a 'U' mounted on

a support frame. The external surface of the exchanger is insulated. Three temperature

measuring devices are installed in both the inside and outside tubes to measure the fluid

temperatures accurately. To minimize losses in the system, the hot water is fed through the

inner pipe, with the cooling water in the outer annulus.

Control valves are incorporated in each of the two streams to regulate the flow. The

flow rates are measured using independent flow meters installed in each line.

The hot water system is totally self-contained. A hot storage tank is equipped with animmersion type heater and an adjustable temperature controller which can maintain a

temperature to within approximately ± 1°C. Circulation to the heat exchanger is provided by a

pump and hot water returns to the storage tank to be reheated. The cold water required for

the exchanger is taken from the laboratory mains supply.



Figure 1: Rear view of concentric tube heat exchanger

Figure 2: Front view of concentric tube heat exchanger



COMMISSIONING

(Refer to Figs. 1 and 2).

Check the drain valve underneath the water storage tank is fully closed (clockwise).

Remove the cover (1) from the storage tank (4) and fill the tank with clean water to within40mm (about 1.5 inch) from the top.

NOTE: Heater will automatically off if the water level is below the level switch (2) in order to

prolong the heater life.

Replace the cover on the storage tank.

Close the air bleed valves (11, 9) on the top of the heat exchanger.

Connect the cold water inlet (23) to a source of cold water using flexible tubing.

Connect the cold water outlet (24) to a suitable drain.

Close the hot water flow control valve (22).

Set the temperature controller (12) to zero on the front panel.

Switch on the pump switch and observe operation of the pump.

Raise the cover on the storage tank and observe circulation of the water through the tank.

Open the hot water flow control valve (22) and allow water to flow through the exchanger untila steady flow of water is indicated on the hot water flow meter (21).

Open the cold water flow control valve (26). Set the selector valves (19) to parallel and co-

current positions alternatively. Allow water to flow through the exchanger until a steady flow of

water is indicated on the cold water flow meter (27).

Close the hot and cold water flow control valves.

Attach a length of flexible tubing to each of the air bleed valves (11, 9) at the top of the

exchanger. Open each bleed valve and allow water to flow until all air is expelled.

Close both bleed valves and remove the flexible tubing.

Set the temperature controller (12) to an elevated temperature e.g. 50.0°C. Switch on the

heater and observe the heater switch is illuminated indicating power output to the heating

element. Observe the heater in the storage tank and make sure it runs well.

Commissioning is now complete.



Open – ended experiment

EXPERIMENT 4: THE TEMPERATURE PROFILE AND RATE OF HEAT TRANSFER FOR

RADIAL CONDUCTION THROUGH THE WALL OF CYLINDER

Objective:

To examine the temperature profile and determine the rate of heat transfer resulting

from radial conduction through the wall of a cylinder

Result :

Plot the temperature, T versus distance, r.

Plot the graph temperature, T (k) versus ln r

Calculate the amount of thermal conductivity.



Open-ended experiment

EXPERIMENT 5: CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

Objective

The experiment aims to design and construct the working principles of industrial heat

exchangers. Parallel and counter flow arrangements shall be used and the efficiency of the

heat exchanger will be investigated in each case.

Result:

Consist of 4 part which are:

PART A – Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger

PART B – Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

PART C – Flow Rate Variation with counter flow condition

PART D – Water Temperature Variation with counter flow condition

You are require to calculate the efficiency of the heat exchanger

Notes:

For parallel flow, V1 & V3 must be open and V2 & V4 must be close.

For counter flow, V2 & V4 must be open and V1 & V3 must be close.

You can use set temperature at 60°C

Cold water flow rate 1.5 liters/min Hot water flow rate 2 liters/min

Heat Transfer Lab Manual-2014

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Transcript of Heat Transfer Lab Manual-2014