Heat Transfer in Nanochannels and Microchannels: Roadmap 2012
Transcript of Heat Transfer in Nanochannels and Microchannels: Roadmap 2012
Heat Transfer in Nanochannels and
Microchannels: Roadmap 2012
Status, Vision and Research Plan
Satish G. Kandlikar
Rochester Institute of Technology
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Overview of Presentation
ICNMM Conferences – Progress over 10 years
Current Status on Heat Transfer in Microchannels
Unresolved Issues
Research Goals and Plan
Worksheet for developing a collective vision
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ASME – ICNMM Profile
1st ICMM, 2003 Rochester, NY
2nd ICMM, 2004 Rochester, NY
3rd ICMM2005 Toronto, Canada
4th ICNMM2006 Limerick, Ireland
5th ICNMM, 2007 Puebla, Mexico
6th ICNMM, 2008 Darmstadt, Germany
7th ICNMM, 2009 Pohang, South Korea
8th ICNMM, 2010 Montreal, Canada
9th ICNMM, 2011 Edmonton, Canada
10th ICNMM, 2012 Puerto Rico, USA
A truly multidisciplinary international conference dedicated to fundamentals and applications of
nanoscale and microscale transport phenomena
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Renowned Plenary Speakers at ICNMM2011
David Tuckerman & R. Fabian W. Pease
Dongqing Li
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ICNMM11 Participation by Country
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ICNMM11 Papers by Topic Area
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Journal Publications/Special Issues
Heat Transfer Engineering – Afshin Ghajar
Int. J. Thermophysical Sciences – Yildiz Bayazitoglu
Journal of Heat Transfer – Terry Simon
Nanofluidics and Microfluidics – Dongqing Li
Nanoscale and Microscale Transport Phenomena –
Ken Goodson
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NSF Panel on Research Needs in
Microchannel Heat Transfer
Roger Fabian Pease and David Tuckerman –
Electronics Cooling and New Applications
Dongqing Li –
Heat Transfer Applications in Lab-on-Chips
Yoav Peles –
Enhancement through Mixing Techniques
Sushanta Mitra –
Mixing in Adiabatic Microfluidics
Satish Kandlikar –
Enhancement through Roughness
ICNMM2011 – Edmonton
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Highlights of ICNMM2011
Boiling Enhancement Nanorwires for enhancing flow boiling On copper microchannel
bottom surface, Chen Li, U. South Carolina
Nanoengineered wettability, Daniel Attinger – Iowa State U., For efficient energy systems, Evelyn Wang, MIT
Microporous coatings for flow boiling and CHF enhancement in minichannels– S.M. You, UT Austin
Heat pipe using minichannels – Khandekar, IIT Kanpur, Bonjour, INSA – Lyon, Diana_Andra Borca-Tisciuc
Swirl flow – Hassan, Parachute shaped particles – Fatemah Hassanipour
Surface effects of boiling at microscale Kenning, UK
Droplet evaporation and spreading with nanoparticles Matar, Imperial College, UK
Flow boiling enhancement with very high flow rates (Kosar/Bergles, Turkey/USA)
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Highlights of ICNMM2011
Surface treatments
Robust superhydrophobic coatings for digital microfluidics – Amirfazli, U. Alberta
Diffusion/Mass Transfer
Diffusion measurement using microscale experimental techniques – Mitra, U. Alberta
Microscopic freezing phenomena of small droplets in Fuel Cell application
Chikahisa, Japan
Microfluidics
Oxcillators in microchannels El-Genk, N.Mexico
Freezing of water droplets on surfaces Amirfazli, Alberta
Microcoolers using Joule-Thompson effect Takata, Japan
Gas Flow
Gas flow simulation– Colin (INSA-Toulouse, France, Duan Waterloo, Canada, Croce,
Udine, Italy. Kamali, Shiraz U., Iran)
Application to modeling gas flow through filters, microfilter model, Schneider,
Waterloo
Roughness effects in gas flow (Faghri, RI, Ueno, Japan, Kandlikar RIT and Yang,
Taiwan)
Gas flow inmicrotubes (Morini, Italy, Kandlikar, RIT and Yang, Taiwan)
Molecular film for pressure measurement in gas flow, (Matsuda/Nimi Japan) 10
Highlights of ICNMM2011
Single Phase Enhancement
Enhancement geometries suggested in literature analyzed numerically, grooves in microchannels Analyzeed geometries recommended by Kandlikar and Grande (2005) Abouli, Iran, V-grooves Cui, China
Single-phase enhancement with flow modifications Peles, RPI, US
Nanofluids Wang, Hong Kong
Application
Production of hydrogen by chemical reaction in a mini-channel Kuznetsov (Novosibirsck)
Small scale refrigerators, (Barbosa, Brazil)
Thermoelectric coolers and power generators Hendricks, Pacific Northwest Lab
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Effect of surface structure on flow boiling in
microchannels – Karayiannis and Kenning
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STATUS SNAPSHOT –
ELECTRONICS COOLING
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Early Pioneers
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Dr. Robert W. Keyes
1921-2010
Prof. A. Louis London
1913-2008
Prof. James B. Angell
1924-2006
MEMS pioneer. Coined the
term micromachine in 1978.
Co-developed first “lab on a
chip” (a gas chromatograph).
IBM Physicist,
IEEE Fellow.
Studied physical limits
in electronic systems
Courtesy –
Prof. R. F. W. Pease
Stanford University
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Courtesy –
Prof. R. F. W. Pease
Stanford University
ICM Microchannel Liquid Cooler
Offset strip fin arrangement, Colgan et al. (2005)
500 m fin length, 50 m channel width, Flow Length – 2mm
Average h in excess of 500,000 W/m2 C (Steinke and Kandlikar, 2005) 16
STATUS SNAPSHOT –
APPLICATIONS
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Microchannel Based UHT Milk Pasteurizer Our new design is a ‘2-port’ HX with integral heating
◦ applies thermal energy to a liquid, then recaptures heat in adjacent channel
◦ Local balance inherently superior to global balance in 4-port HX (i.e., higher HX effectiveness) due to elimination of flow maldistributions
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Courtesy –
Dr. David Tuckerman
Intellectual Ventures ©
No reproduction or distribution
without express written
permission of Intellectual
Ventures ©
Publications: 1991-2011
Single-Phase Liquid and Gas Flow
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1st ICMM
Microchannel single-phase flow timeline
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Single-Phase Liquid Flow: Unresolved Issues
Enhancement Techniques
◦ Colgan et al. (2005) developed a microcooler
removing a heat flux of 800 W/cm2 and a heat
transfer coefficient of >500,000 W/m2 C.
◦ Complex header arrangement and high pressure
gradient limit its usage across other applications.
Need to develop new enhancement techniques
that excel in heat transfer performance and
provide a simpler header configuration with
lower pressure gradients.
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Single-Phase Gas Flow in microchannels: Largely unexplored topic for enhanced heat transfer
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Microchannel flow boiling timeline
Publications: 1993-2011
Microchannel Flow Boiling
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1st ICMM
Heat transfer in flow boiling affected by instabilities
Hetsroni et al. (2003) – absence of flow oscillations and instabilities in
adiabatic air-water two-phase flows
Steinke and Kandlikar (2004), Instabilities lead to deterioration in h
Water 1 atm., parallel microchannels,
Significant Deterioration in Heat Transfer
during Flow Boiling in Microchannels
Single-phase liquid flow in microcoolers removes
~ 1 kW/cm2 heat flux with water.
Current flow boiling systems are limited to ~ 100
W/cm2 with significantly lower performance
compared to single-phase systems.
Need to develop stable, high performance flow
boiling systems to excel single-phase
microchannel cooling systems.
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Flow Boiling: Unresolved Issue
Research Needs/Opportunities
Unresolved Issues in Microchannel Fundamentals
◦ Single phase enhancement techniques offering low pressure drop penalties
◦ Nano-Micro and Micro-Macro hierarchical transport processes
◦ Stable, high performance during flow boiling in microchannels
New Microscale Devices and Products
◦ nano-micro integrated devices, micro-HX, miniaturized refrigeration, biological and novel applications, electrokinetic flow based systems, micro-reactors,
Integration with Macroscale Systems
◦ Aerospace recuperators, nuclear reactor primary/secondary loops, industrial HX (evaporators/condensers)
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Microchannel Technology Roadmap
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Microchannel Technology Roadmap - Worksheet
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ASME
HTD / FED/ ICNMM 2012
JULY 8 – 12
PUERTO RICO, USA
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See You There
Thank You!