HEAT SOURCE EACTION E S E H S C - TU Dortmund · 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 75. 100. 125. 150. 175. 200....
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5 10 15 20 25 75 100 125 150 175 200 Distance [m] Volume H 2 O 2 [mL] w/o add. weight 30% add. weight CALIBRATION IDEA CONCEPT TECHNICAL REALIZATION TEAM: Nathalie Herden, Alexander Peisker, Dominik Plate, Mira Schmalenberg, Marco Schrimpf, Dominik Segiet and Jonas Tilly TUTORS: Prof. Dr. David W. Agar, Martin Eilermann, Jesús González-Rebordinos and Irene Kaplanow HEAT SOURCE – REACTION MOTIVATION Well-known, reproducible and controllable Hazard-free emissions (oxygen and water) No by-products Exothermic reaction starts immediately Thermal “inertia” is negligible MAIN COMPONENTS Reactant: Aqueous H 2 O 2 solution (30 wt.-%) Catalyst: homogenous iron(III) nitrate catalyst ([Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ]) solution c = 5 g mL FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE Feed tank is filled with H 2 O 2 solution Solution with catalyst is placed in the reaction chamber ( homogenous catalyst) Flow rate of H 2 O 2 is set by the control valve to ensure constant heating and avoid thermal runaway of the reaction Volume of H 2 O 2 is adjusted to regulate the driving range Reaction is limited by H 2 O 2 supply and stops the ChemCar automatically when this is exhausted Steam generated heats the lower side of the SEEBECK elements HEAT SINK – ADSORPTION COOLING MOTIVATION Cooling mechanism used for medicine and beer Innovative and stand-alone principle MAIN COMPONENTS Evaporation chamber (EC) containing water at vapor pressure and ambient temperature Adsorption chamber (AC) containing zeolite at pressure < 5 mbar FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE [2] Evacuation valve connecting EC and AC is opened Water vapor flows into AC due to pressure gradient, where it is adsorbed by zeolite Adsorption cooling stops when adsorption equilibrium between water and zeolites is reached EC absorbs the heat being conducted through the SEEBECK elements by evaporating water H) FEED T ANK WITH I) H 2 O 2 V ALVE Volume: 750 mL H 2 O 2 amount determines driving range E) 6 SEEBECK ELEMENTS Series connection Mounted in 3D-printed plate Connected to EC via thermal-conducting-pads Steam is in direct contact with Seebeck elements’ lower ceramic surface F) REACTION CHAMBER Borosilicate glass G) WHEELS AND ENGINE Transmission ratio: 1:150 Input voltage: 12 V Torque: 180 Ncm A-C) EVACUATION V ALVES Glued with resin AC and EC gas-tight Vacuum will be applied before run via valves Cooling mechanism will be initiated by opening valves B) and C) D) EVAPORATION CHAMBER Filled with 100 mL water Gasket ring to seal EC and polycarbonate cover K) ADSORPTION CHAMBER WITH V ACUUM GAUGE Filled with 1000 mL Zeolite 4 Å Gasket ring to seal AC and polycarbonate cover Max. water loading of zeolite 10 wt.-% [4] L) CATALYTIC FILTER & CONDENSER Combination of bulk charcoal with wire grids minimize hydrogen peroxide emission Open system avoids excess pressure J) CONTROL V ALVE Constant volume flow rate during reaction: 1.46 mL s M) BEER CRATE ChemCar is designed as a catchment tray in case of spillage, all chemicals will be retained Polystyrene insulation Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering Prof. Dr. David W. Agar www.cvt.bci.tu-dortmund.de Laboratory of Plant and Process Design Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Schembecker www.apt.bci.tu-dortmund.de ZEOLITE EVAPORATION CHAMBER BEER V ALVE The concept of TU Dortmund’s ChemCar makes use of the SEEBECK effect, for which a temperature gradient is needed, to supply the car with electricity. This gradient is generated by the exothermic decomposition of H 2 O 2 and an innovative adsorption cooling. This cooling mechanism, which has been exploited to cool beer kegs, is a nod to the 500 th anniversary of the Reinheitsgebot. FLOWSHEET Δℎ 44.2 2 2 33 2 2 Δℎ − 98.2 600 mm 400 mm 10.8 kg Al 2 O 3 -board Copper links Semiconductors _ _ _ _ + + + + + p n + - + - Q ̇ heating Q ̇ cooling HEAT SOURCE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY HEAT SINK CHEMCAR MOTOR Q ̇ cooling Q ̇ heating H 2 O 2 decomposition Adsorption cooling P electrical REFERENCES: [1] J. Hartmann-Schreier, roempp.thieme.de [2] zeo-tech.de [3] W. Haynes, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 95th Edition [4] doi:10.1023/B:ADSO.0000024033.60103.ff Figure 2: Schematic of a SEEBECK element Steam generating reaction controls heat supply via amount of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and thus the driving range Distance exact and reproducible. ELECTRICITY SUPPLY – SEEBECK EFFECT MOTIVATION Simple way to convert thermal energy into electricity High reliability MAIN COMPONENTS 6 SEEBECK elements connected in series FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE Temperature gradient leads to diffusion of electrons Electrons motion induces an electrical field Temperature gradient creates electric potential U K ⋅∆T V SEEBECK elements consist of n- and p-doped semiconductors enhancing the SEEBECK effect Motor is driven by electrical energy generated [3] [1] p EC = p water LV p AC < 5mbar p EC = p AC Figure 1: Beer keg cooled by adsorption
Transcript of HEAT SOURCE EACTION E S E H S C - TU Dortmund · 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 75. 100. 125. 150. 175. 200....
![Page 1: HEAT SOURCE EACTION E S E H S C - TU Dortmund · 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 75. 100. 125. 150. 175. 200. Distance [m] Volume H 2O 2 [mL] . w/o add. weight. 30% add. weight. CALIBRATION I](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071214/60433b2b992e0603785d29ad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
510152025
75 100 125 150 175 200
Dis
tanc
e [m
]
Volume H2O2 [mL]
w/o add.weight30% add.weight
CALIBRATION
IDEA
C
ON
CEP
T T
ECH
NIC
AL
REA
LIZA
TIO
N
TEAM: Nathalie Herden, Alexander Peisker, Dominik Plate, Mira Schmalenberg, Marco Schrimpf, Dominik Segiet and Jonas Tilly
TUTORS: Prof. Dr. David W. Agar, Martin Eilermann, Jesús González-Rebordinos and Irene Kaplanow
HEAT SOURCE – REACTION MOTIVATION Well-known, reproducible and controllable Hazard-free emissions (oxygen and water) No by-products Exothermic reaction starts immediately Thermal “inertia” is negligible MAIN COMPONENTS Reactant: Aqueous H2O2 solution (30 wt.-%) Catalyst: homogenous iron(III) nitrate catalyst
([Fe(NO3)3]) solution c = 5 gmL
FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE Feed tank is filled with H2O2 solution Solution with catalyst is placed in the reaction
chamber ( homogenous catalyst) Flow rate of H2O2 is set by the control valve to
ensure constant heating and avoid thermal runaway of the reaction
Volume of H2O2 is adjusted to regulate the driving range
Reaction is limited by H2O2 supply and stops the ChemCar automatically when this is exhausted
Steam generated heats the lower side of the SEEBECK elements
HEAT SINK – ADSORPTION COOLING MOTIVATION Cooling mechanism used for medicine and beer Innovative and stand-alone principle MAIN COMPONENTS Evaporation chamber (EC) containing water at
vapor pressure and ambient temperature Adsorption chamber (AC) containing zeolite
at pressure < 5 mbar FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE[2]
Evacuation valve connecting EC and AC is opened
Water vapor flows into AC due to pressure gradient, where it is adsorbed by zeolite
Adsorption cooling stops when adsorption
equilibrium between water and zeolites is reached EC absorbs the heat being conducted through the
SEEBECK elements by evaporating water
H) FEED TANK WITH I) H2O2 VALVE Volume: 750 mL H2O2 amount determines driving range
E) 6 SEEBECK ELEMENTS Series connection Mounted in 3D-printed plate Connected to EC via thermal-conducting-pads Steam is in direct contact with Seebeck
elements’ lower ceramic surface
F) REACTION CHAMBER Borosilicate glass
G) WHEELS AND ENGINE Transmission ratio: 1:150 Input voltage: 12 V Torque: 180 Ncm
A-C) EVACUATION VALVES Glued with resin AC and EC gas-tight Vacuum will be applied before run via valves Cooling mechanism will be initiated by opening
valves B) and C) D) EVAPORATION CHAMBER Filled with 100 mL water Gasket ring to seal EC and polycarbonate cover
K) ADSORPTION CHAMBER WITH VACUUM GAUGE Filled with 1000 mL Zeolite 4 Å Gasket ring to seal AC and polycarbonate cover Max. water loading of zeolite 10 wt.-% [4]
L) CATALYTIC FILTER & CONDENSER Combination of bulk charcoal with wire grids minimize hydrogen peroxide emission
Open system avoids excess pressure
J) CONTROL VALVE Constant volume flow rate during reaction: 1.46 mL
s
M) BEER CRATE ChemCar is designed as a catchment tray in case of spillage, all chemicals will be retained
Polystyrene insulation
Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering Prof. Dr. David W. Agar
www.cvt.bci.tu-dortmund.de
Laboratory of Plant and Process Design Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Schembecker www.apt.bci.tu-dortmund.de
ZEOLITE EVAPORATION CHAMBER BEER
VALVE
The concept of TU Dortmund’s ChemCar makes use of the SEEBECK effect, for which a temperature gradient is needed, to supply the car with electricity. This gradient is generated by the exothermic decomposition of H2O2 and an innovative adsorption cooling. This cooling mechanism, which has been exploited to cool beer kegs, is a nod to the 500th anniversary of the Reinheitsgebot.
FLOWSHEET
Δℎ𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 44.2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐻𝐻2𝑂𝑂2 [𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂3 3]
𝐻𝐻2𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂2 Δℎ𝑅𝑅 = − 98.2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
600 mm
400 mm 10.8 kg
Al2O3-board
Copper links
Semiconductors
_ _ _ _ + + +
+ + p n
+ -
+
-
Q̇heating
Q̇cooling
HEAT SOURCE
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
HEAT SINK
CHEMCAR MOTOR
Q̇cooling Q̇heating
H2O2 decomposition Adsorption cooling Pelectrical
REFERENCES: [1] J. Hartmann-Schreier, roempp.thieme.de [2] zeo-tech.de [3] W. Haynes, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 95th Edition [4] doi:10.1023/B:ADSO.0000024033.60103.ff
Figure 2: Schematic of a SEEBECK element
Steam generating reaction controls heat supply via amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and thus the driving range Distance exact and reproducible.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY – SEEBECK EFFECT MOTIVATION Simple way to convert thermal energy
into electricity High reliability MAIN COMPONENTS 6 SEEBECK elements connected in series FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLE Temperature gradient leads to diffusion of
electrons Electrons motion induces an electrical field Temperature gradient creates electric potential
U = K ⋅ ∆T [V] SEEBECK elements consist of n- and p-doped
semiconductors enhancing the SEEBECK effect Motor is driven by electrical energy generated
[3] [1]
pEC = pwaterLV pAC < 5mbar
pEC = pAC
Figure 1: Beer keg cooled by adsorption
