Heat Engine (2)

8/16/2019 Heat Engine (2)

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HEAT ENGINE

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086!!2"0


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Heat Engine

M

Hot Body(source of heat)

Q1

Cold Body

(absorbs heat)

Q2

W


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Carnot Cycle

Hot Reservoir T1

Cold Reservoir T2

C

Q1

Q2

W


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SIKLUS CARNOT

adiabaticadiabatic

compressiocompressio

isoth#rma$isoth#rma$

#%&ansion#%&ansion

adiabaticadiabatic

#%&ansion#%&ansion

isoth#rma$isoth#rma$

com&r#ssioncom&r#ssion


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!olume

"ressure

#

#

a

b

#d

T

Q1

Carnot Cycle

Q2

V

nRT P

$

γ V

const P

%$

T2

#c

Q$&Q$&

V

nRT P

2$


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!olume

"ressure

#

#

a

b

#d

T

Q1

Carnot Cycle

Q2

V

nRT P

$

γ V

const P

%$

T2

#c

Q$&Q$&

V

nRT P

2$

W


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Th#or#tica$ 'tto (yc$#

Exhaust

Intake

Blow

Down

Constant-

Volume

Heat

Inut

A!"a#at"$

Exans"on

A!"a#at"$

Com%ess"on


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8

Real and Idealized Cycle


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Note& Com%ess"on %at"o 'an( t"n((" akan #e%ak"#at a!a suhu kom%es" 'an( t"n((" )u(a* +a!a

moto% #ens"n, )"ka suhu "n" men(ak"#atkan AUTOINITION !an men(has"lkan no"se 'an(

!"se#ut KNOCKIN* E."s"ens" te%mal moto% #ens"n aktual /0 - 12 3*


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)I*+,) -IE)E+

/in 1 ot3 4 / b3 ∆

7in h" 1 h2 ( &/T" 1 T23

7ot 8 1 (9/T8 1 T3


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Note& E..* The%mal 4oto% #ens"n 5 !"esel the same $om%ess"on %at"o*

E."s"ens" te%mal moto% !"esel aktual 10- 62 3*


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2

(ombstion

(hamb#r

(ran: )ha;t

-(

Gas:#t

VC

VS )tro:#

)tro:#

>or#

(ran: =adis /cran: thro3

(ran: =adis

(y$ind#r


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"

(om&r#ssion ratio /r3

?( ($#aranc# 9o$m#

?) )#&t 9o$m# π -2 +

h#r# + /stro:#3 2 BC B is th# cran:sha;t radis

D Incr#asing th# com&r#ssion ration incr#as#s th# th#rma$#;;ici#ncyC com&r#ssion is $imit#d by th# :noc: $imit.

(

)(

?

??r

+=

(

)

?

?r +=

T-(at &istonabo9#?o$m#

>-(at &istonabo9#?o$m#r =


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Engin# -is&$ac#m#ntC )#&t ?o$m#

or Engin# (a&acity /?#3

?# ?) n

?# /π3 -2 + n

h#r#

?# #ngin# ca&acityC ?s cy$ind#r s#&t 9o$m#

n nmb#r o; cy$ind#rsC + stro:#C - bor# diam#t#r

)tro:# VS

>or#

VS

VS

VS

T-(

>-(


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5

Engin# M#chanica$ E;;ici#ncy ηm


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Volume lan(kah !an Ruan( Ru("

($#aranc#

?o$m#-is&$ac#m#nt

?o$m#


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=#ci&rocating Engin#s

Th# basic com&on#nts o; a r#ci&rocating

#ngin# ar# shon to th# right

To& -#ad (#nt#r /T-(3

Th# &osition o; th# &iston h#n it ;orms

th# sma$$#st 9o$m# in th# cy$ind#r

>ottom -#ad (#nt#r />-(3

Th# &osition o; th# &iston h#n it ;ormsth# $arg#st 9o$m# in th# cy$ind#r


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'troe The distace bet*ee the T+C

ad B+C The lar,est distace the pisto

ca travel i oe directio

Bore The diameter of the pisto

-tae !alve Where the air or air.fuel mi/ture

is dra* ito the cylider

0/haust !alve

Where the combustio productsare e/pelled from the cylider

($#aranc# ?o$m#

Th# minimm 9o$m# ;orm#d in th#

cy$ind#rC i.#.C h#n th# &iston is at th#

T-(

-is&$ac#m#nt ?o$m#

Th# 9o$m# dis&$ac#d by th# &iston

as it mo9#s b#t##n th# T-( and

>-(


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a

d

Internal Combustion Engine


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Comparison of Otto and Diesel Cycles

combustio

Q$&

Q$&

Wor per cycle

$ rea iside


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+e%#e!aan kalo% Inut Otto !an D"esel


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T-(

>-(

min

ma%

V

V

V

V r ==

?o$2m#nt-is&$ac#m#ME<

)to:#Ar#a


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Re$"%o$at"n( En("ne Theo%' O. Oe%at"on

Two-St%oke


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Two-St%oke C'$leEn("ne "n A$t"on


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7ou% St%oke C'$les


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Examles o.

Va%"ous 4ult"-

C'l"n!e%

En("nes

Oos"n( 7ou%

C'l"n!e%

En("ne o%

Boxe% En("ne

Inl"ne 7ou% C'l"n!e%

En("ne

V- 8 En("ne


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Rota%' En("ne


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Rota%' En("ne


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Examles o. Uses o. Rota%' En("nes

Datsun /92:

4a;!a R

Heat Engine (2)

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